RU2615538C2 - Wall module for building a structure and associated structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a wall module for building a structure, designed as a concrete prefabricated building element. Invention also relates to a structure made using this wall modules, in particular, production or machine building of a nuclear power plant. Wall module (2) for building a structure is designed as a concrete prefabricated building element. Wall module has wall body (8) having a regular base area and multiple edges, with a plurality of reinforcement rods (10) which all together form a regular reinforcement grid, which are cast into wall body (8). Reinforcement rods (10) penetrate wall body (8) substantially from edge to edge and are provided at their ends with connecting elements (6), which are designed to establish a connection with complementary connecting elements (6) of immediately adjacent wall module (2). Associated connecting element (6) is connected with clearance to associated reinforcement rod (10) such that it can be moved in a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of reinforcement rod (10) on all sides by at least 2 mm with respect to a provided central position. Invention also describes a structure and a connecting system.

EFFECT: technical result is building a structure from simply connected modules, possibility to withstand extreme loads.

17 cl, 30 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a wall module for constructing a structure made in the form of a concrete prefabricated element. It also relates to a structure made using such wall modules, in particular a production or machine building of a nuclear power plant.

The safety-relevant buildings of nuclear installations, such as those in which emergency power units are housed, have so far been exclusively constructed in situ concrete structures. The prefabricated construction tested in ordinary housing construction has so far been practically not applied.

High safety requirements and consideration of cases of loads acting internally and externally for nuclear installations usually result in very high reinforcement densities. For this reason, most structures of buildings of nuclear power plants or other nuclear technical installations are carried out in a monolithic way of construction. With this method of construction, the minimum wall thickness due to the large number of reinforcement has so far been approximately 0.85 m.

The building / structure must, in particular, withstand all loads and load combinations of the following situations of categories H1-H4.

Normal operation (H1):

- constant loads;

- changing loads, including loads due to transportation and installation;

- combined loads.

Influences of situations caused by external human factors (H2):

- explosion;

- aircraft crash;

- fire in the outdoor area.

The effects of internal contingencies (H3):

- internal fire;

- collapse of the internal structure;

- falling loads;

- internal flooding;

- internal explosion.

Unlikely situations (H4):

- earthquake;

- extreme winds;

- extreme snow and icing;

- loads from tornadoes, the impact of tornado impacts;

- extreme outdoor temperatures;

- external flooding;

- extreme precipitation;

- object protection;

- blast shock wave;

- explosive gas cloud.

The use of prefabricated elements, although it is considered extremely desirable because of the accompanying standardization and optimization of the entire design, construction and construction work in this context, has still encountered significant difficulties and therefore has not been carried out. This is due, in particular, to the connection technologies adopted so far in the construction of prefabricated elements, which either do not fulfill the requirements set in the nuclear sector or are not able to compensate, as a rule, the available permitted tolerances of structural elements.

The fact that for each nuclear power plant essentially the same buildings with the same functionality are redesigned leads to reflection on how design and implementation costs can be reduced.

The reduction is possible with the help of systems that allow using prefabricated modules to carry out flexible design of the desired premises and placement of equipment in them.

The requirements for structures in the field of nuclear power plants comply with the highest requirements in construction technology and safety. Therefore, design and implementation is very time consuming and expensive.

The introduction of prefabricated construction has so far encountered difficulties in connection with a power short circuit between the individual structural elements and in compensating for the associated tolerances and dimensional inaccuracies, as well as alignment inaccuracies during installation.

From the document US 2920475 A a wall module is known containing the features of the restrictive part of the independent claim 1 of the claims. Possible inaccuracies in manufacturing and orientation are compensated during the installation of the wall module due to the fact that the holes in the connecting elements are expanded with a reamer or cutter exactly to the tolerance before inserting the bolts with the most accurate fit into the holes.

DE 2216302 A1 discloses a connecting element for reinforcing bars of concrete precast elements with a movable fit in an axial hole.

Therefore, the invention is based on the task of proposing a wall module of the aforementioned kind, which can be simply compiled and connected to other such wall modules to obtain a structure, in particular a building or a complex of buildings, which is designed not only for normal operating loads, but also can withstand incredible extreme loads, individually or even in combination, for example, flooding, earthquake, continuous rain, ice loads, wind loads, cyclone s, extreme ambient temperatures, hit by shells, aircraft crash, etc.

This problem in accordance with the invention is solved by the features of the independent claim 1 of the claims.

Accordingly, there is provided a wall module for constructing the structure, made in the form of a concrete prefabricated element, including a regular, in particular, rectangular main surface, and several, in particular, four edges, wall element, provided with a plurality of forming together the correct reinforcing mesh, preferably reinforcing rods extending parallel to the edges that are embedded in the wall element, while the reinforcing rods pass through the wall element essentially from edge to edge and at their ends are provided with connecting elements that are made to create a connection with the complementary connecting elements of a directly adjacent wall element, and wherein the corresponding connecting element, in any case, in a separate state not connected to the complementary connecting element, is connected with a gap or, respectively, movably with the corresponding reinforcing bar in such a way that in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar it can the torons move at least 2 mm relative to the intended central position. In a tightened, rigidly connected state, this mobility can be completely eliminated.

It is particularly preferred that for ordinary requirements in the construction of nuclear power plants it is sufficient when it is possible to displace by at least 5 millimeters, preferably up to about 10 millimeters.

The term “wall module” should be interpreted here broadly and includes, along with the internal and external sections of the wall (side walls) of the building, in particular, floor and ceiling plates.

Smooth, flat wall modules, in particular with a rectangular main surface, although they are preferred, however, the wall modules can also be curved so that, for example, it is possible to construct a curved section of a wall or a cylindrical building (reactor building, etc.).

As it turned out unexpectedly, in this way not only a flexible connection between the individual modules is performed, which allows you to compensate for the inevitable tolerances of structural elements and alignment tolerances during on-site installation, but also with the proper choice of dimensions, despite or precisely because of the relatively high flexibility of individual mates, combinations of wall modules capable of carrying a large load can withstand high shear forces and bending moments and ensure reliable retraction load across the boundaries of the modules to the corresponding anchor points.

It is advisable when the connecting elements, in any case, primarily designed for connection with each other with a force circuit, in particular by threaded connection or tightening. If necessary, a geometric closure can also be provided, in particular, for fixing previously created threaded connections.

In a preferred embodiment, at least two parallel-passing reinforcing bars are combined into one assembly, respectively, and are connected from the end side to the same connecting element.

As already mentioned above, the corresponding wall module can be an integral part of the side wall or ceiling wall, or, accordingly, the floor plate, that is, it is oriented either vertically or horizontally. Accordingly, in the built-in or, accordingly, mounted state, both vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars with vertical or horizontal connecting elements attached to them are provided in order to connect both the side wall modules to each other and the ceiling wall modules to each other, and to each other.

In a preferred embodiment, a wall module is provided in which horizontally extending reinforcing bars on the end side are rigidly connected to the supporting element having at least one mounting plate, in particular, are welded, while the corresponding mounting plate is enclosed by a U-shaped staple element including the main plate and two plate shelves, and the plate shelves, in turn, are rigidly connected to the corresponding horizontal connecting el ment, in particular welded. The bracket element is preferably integrally formed.

In this case, in the mounted state, in a suitable manner, the staple-shaped element abuts against the end surface of the mounting plate with its main surface and, in particular, with respect to the distance between the shelf plates, has such dimensions that the aforementioned flexible landing is carried out. This means that the required mating flexibility in this embodiment is preferably carried out due to the possibility of displacement of the staple element relative to the mounting plate.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the corresponding supporting element consists of one single rectangular parallelepiped-shaped mounting plate, which is rigidly connected to only two reinforcing bars, in particular, welded.

In an alternative embodiment, the corresponding support element includes two rectangular parallelepiped-shaped mounting plates that are connected to each other by two rectangular parallelepiped-shaped transverse plates, the support element being rigidly connected to four corresponding reinforcing bars, in particular welded, and wherein each of the two mounting plates is surrounded by a staple element connected to a horizontal connecting element. The connecting unit located in the wall module in this embodiment thus includes only four parallel-passing reinforcing bars, which are provided on the end side with each mating unit having in each case two connecting elements.

In this embodiment, the frame support element in the preferred embodiment may also be integral.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the corresponding horizontal connecting element in the female version includes an internally threaded sleeve and, in the complementary pin version, an external thread with a corresponding lock nut, while the male connector and the female connecting element are preferably connected to each other interact like a screw coupler.

In this case, it is expedient that the corresponding sleeve on the end facing the supporting element is screwed onto a stud, which is provided for fastening to the staple element.

In addition, a design is preferred in which the shelf plates of each staple element are oriented parallel to horizontally extending reinforcing bars and have grooves extending parallel to them, which are bounded by the edges of the grooves, while the corresponding pin of the corresponding connecting element along the groove is clamped between the shelf plates and in the region of the groove edges connected to the plates of the shelves, in particular welded.

The options described above are suitable, in particular, for horizontal reinforcing bars and horizontal joints. Options that are particularly suitable for vertical joints are described below.

In a preferred embodiment, a wall module is provided in which the vertically extending reinforcing bars on the end side are rigidly connected, in particular, welded, to a supporting element having a recess for threading a stud equipped with an external thread, which in combination with two screwed anchor nuts and If necessary, the anchored plates with the pierced studs act as a vertical connecting element.

The above-described flexibility of the vertical joints is expediently achieved due to the fact that the stud has a slightly smaller diameter than the seat covering it, which, in particular, is formed by the provided recess in the carrier element or the corresponding recess in the anchor plate.

It is advisable when the corresponding bearing element includes four frame plates connected to each other in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the two frame plates located opposite each other are made in the form of mounting plates and each is rigidly connected to one reinforcing bar in particular, welded. The vertical connection unit in the wall module thus preferably has two reinforcing bars.

For all the options described above, it is preferable that the wall element has, like a sandwich structure, an outer shell, an inner shell and an inner filler located between them, while the outer shell and the inner shell are connected to each other without the possibility of shear by means of reinforcing bars, which, along with reinforcing rods of connecting nodes, may include other elements.

The design, which consists of a plurality of wall modules of the above kind connected to each other by means of flexible connecting elements, fulfills the above requirements in an exceptional way.

When constructing a building, it is advisable that the joints between the wall modules and, if necessary, the grooves in the area of the connecting elements in each wall element are poured with concrete.

The system presented and explained so far, which includes prefabricated modules / wall profiles of the wall structure from individual elements, has very high flexibility and at the same time helps to standardize and optimize the entire structure, design and construction work.

The system can be applied to all buildings, which, due to their function in installations, must withstand the above external and internal situations. This means that this system is applicable not only in nuclear power plants, but it can also be used in chemical, military and other fields.

The connections of the elements are designed so that the specified parameters of the reinforcement can be transmitted in the form of a complete shock (100% force transfer). Each reinforcing bar in this calculation is connected to the reinforcement of the next element, regardless of whether a possible mechanical strength is achieved.

Although different types of connectors for wall elements have already been described, in the previous description also called wall modules that exclusively fulfill the requirements, there is a need for other types and modifications of the available types to obtain flexible detailed solutions for different requirements. In particular, they strive for connectors that are considered simple in design and in terms of material, cost-effective or, respectively, connecting systems that can simply and reliably connect to the reinforcement of wall elements, as well as interconnect.

For this, a connecting system may be provided for a prefabricated structure with a plurality of wall modules, the connecting system including one or more elements from the following group:

- U-shaped holder or box, which is located in the seam between two wall modules, and to which reinforcing bars are screwed (10);

- U-shaped holder or box, which is located in the seam between two wall modules, and into which reinforcing bars are inserted with a geometric closure by means of screwed-on metal grippers;

- a combination of two locking plates or ducts connected to each other by threaded fingers, wherein each locking plate or each duct is connected by a threaded connection to one of the reinforcing bars;

- two-head anchor.

The prefabricated element system according to the invention in one of the preferred embodiments has a wall thickness of only 0.40 m and an optional cladding with a thickness of approximately 0.10 m. All the loads and load combinations described above are reliably perceived.

The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that by providing a “modular system” including prefabricated, standardized wall modules or wall profiles, which are provided with high-quality and flexible joints or, respectively, joints, long since the advantages of traditional prefabricated construction in terms of design and implementation time, as well as cost and efficiency, can be transferred to construction of buildings for nuclear power plants. But, of course, the invention is not limited to applications of this kind, but can, for example, also be used for non-nuclear industrial installations, military installations or for ordinary buildings, for example, in highly seismically dangerous areas.

Various examples of the invention are explained in more detail below using the drawings. They show, in each case, in a very simplified and schematic image:

figure 1: partially dissected image in perspective consisting of many wall modules by means of the prefabricated structure of the building at the time of installation (more precisely: shortly before shifting together and connecting the wall modules);

figure 2: top view (front view) of the building in accordance with figure 1;

figure 3: a fragment of the Central region of figure 2 with enlarged snagged connecting elements between the wall modules;

figure 4: a fragment of figure 3 in the image in perspective;

figure 5: an image similar to figure 4, and, firstly, one of the alternative types of horizontal connecting nodes is shown, and secondly, the concrete shell of the wall modules was omitted in the drawing;

6: the first type of horizontal connecting node;

7: the second type of horizontal connecting node;

Fig: vertical connecting node;

Fig.9: simplified drawings of structures of various components of the connecting node in accordance with Fig.6;

figure 10: simplified drawings of structures of various components of the connecting node in accordance with figure 7, and

11: simplified drawings of structures of various components of the connecting node in accordance with Fig;

12: a section of a building wall consisting of several wall modules of a prefabricated structure;

13 and 14: connecting system for wall modules according to the first embodiment (U-shaped holder);

15-18: connection system for wall modules according to the second embodiment (duct);

Fig.19-25: a connecting system for wall modules according to the third variant of implementation (limiter);

26 and 27: connection system for wall modules according to the fourth embodiment (grip I);

28 and 29: a connecting system for wall modules according to the fifth embodiment (grip II), and

Fig.30: connecting system for wall modules according to the sixth embodiment (two-head anchor).

The same or equally acting parts in all the figures are provided with the same reference signs.

Wall modules 2 in accordance with the present invention are made in the form of concrete prefabricated elements, including partially connected to the connecting nodes 4, while the connecting elements 6 for connection with the complementary connecting elements 6 of the respective adjacent modules are protruded outward or, respectively, protrude from the corresponding element 8 of the wall.

The first type of horizontal connecting node 4 is shown in perspective in Fig.6. The connecting unit 4 includes two parallel-passing, the same length of the reinforcing rods 10, which at each of their ends are welded to the end surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped mounting plate 12. The corresponding mounting plate 12 is surrounded by a U-shaped bracket 14, which has a main plate 16 and two plates 18 shelves. Each staple-like element 14 is preferably made integrally (here, however, an embodiment consisting of several separate parts is shown) and is oriented in such a way that the plate 18 of the shelves in a known manner forms a continuation of the reinforcing bars 10 outward, which, in turn, extends outwardly in in the form of a connecting element 6 oriented parallel to the reinforcing bars 10. The corresponding connecting element 6 includes a stud 20 provided with an external thread, which has an internal end phenomenon between the grooves 22 of the two respective plates 18 and flanges 24 welded to the edges of the slot with the plates 18 shelves. The outer end of each stud 20 is either, in a female version, equipped with a female thread 26, or, in the pin version, with a lock nut 28, so that between the complementary connecting elements 6 of the adjacent wall modules, a corresponding connection with a power circuit can be created similar to a screw tie.

By selecting the appropriate dimensions of the structural elements, in particular the length and width of the main plate 16 of each bracket element 14 with respect to the length and width of the mounting plate 12 covered by the bracket element 14, there is a certain possibility of lateral displacement of the bracket element 14 and, at the same time, of the corresponding connecting element 6 of reinforcing bars 19 relatively rigidly embedded in the wall element 8 of the wall module 2, in particular by at least 2 millimeters, preferably between necks least 5 millimeters in any direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar 10. By having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped element 8 in the area of each wall skoboobraznogo member 14 is provided with a corresponding recess so that actually protect the displaceable. Thus, if necessary, the unavoidable tolerances of the structural elements during manufacture or, accordingly, when tightening the joints can be compensated.

The second type of horizontal connecting unit 4 shown in Fig. 7, with regard to the principle of operation, is built in exactly the same way, but has a double number of connecting elements 6 and reinforcing bars 10. Therefore, on each side there are two parallel to each other, each covered by a bracket element 14 with the corresponding connecting element 6 of the mounting plate 12, while the mounting plate 12 is connected to each other by means of the transverse plates 30. Formed from the mounting plates 12 and across cing frame plates 30 may be formed integrally. The reinforcing bars 10 are welded to the end surfaces of the fixing plates 12, alternatively to the transverse plates 30. Thus, on each side of the connecting unit 4, a double screw connection can be realized in a known manner, which has the flexibility described above.

On Fig shows a vertical connecting node 4 with a fundamentally similar principle of operation, but differing in detail in the design of the connecting elements 6. In particular, here two reinforcing bars 10 from the end side are welded with a rectangular frame formed from four plates 32 of the frame. On the inner side of the rectangular frame facing the reinforcing bars 10, an anchor plate 36 provided with a central recess 34 is welded to the frame plates 32. The diameter of the recess 34 is selected so that the pin 38, also called the anchor bolt, can be threaded with a certain clearance, that is, with the formation of an annular gap. An anchor nut 40 serves to strengthen and fix the connection created with the counter element of the adjacent wall module 2, which is also fixed there by means of the corresponding pierced anchor plate 36 pierced by the pin 38. The difference in the socket and pin principle of connection is not necessary, but may be , of course, provided in an alternative design. Alternatively, clamping sleeves or the like can again be used here to connect the opposite ends of the studs 38 of adjacent wall modules 2 to each other.

Again, it is important that the vertical joint, just like the horizontal joint, allow a known flexibility perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bars 10, comprising at least 2 millimeters, preferably at least 5 millimeters of clearance space for alignment.

In all cases, shear, tensile and shear loads are reliably removed and transmitted through reinforcing bars 10, which are poured together in the form of a regular, rectangular lattice into the concrete of the wall element 8.

All structural elements and components, which in the figures consist of separate structural elements welded to each other (welds 42), in an alternative embodiment, can also be made integrally, for example, cast or made by cold or hot molding.

The types of connectors described below can be installed in place of the connectors shown and described in FIGS. 1-11, called “connecting elements” therein, and partially or completely replaced, or combined or interacted with them in various ways.

On Fig-30 in more detail using the drawings explains several examples of the implementation of the proposed invention, the connecting system for wall modules of reinforced concrete prefabricated structures.

For all of the following examples, the following is true: the building is made in the form of a monolithic structure of prefabricated elements or, accordingly, prefabricated modules of reinforced concrete in the form of wall, ceiling, corner elements and the like, below briefly combined under the term “wall module”, the term “ wall element ”is used synonymously. Connections between prefabricated elements are carried out using special connectors (English connector) or, accordingly, connecting systems based on threaded interfaces. Prefabricated wall modules can be randomly combined with each other.

Threaded connections fulfill the requirements for cyclic variable loads during seismic impact or with comparable natural phenomena, as well as during extreme loads, such as explosions or shock loads.

A wall section, consisting of three of the same type, rectangular wall modules 2, as an example is shown in Fig.12 in perspective.

1. Threaded connection type “U-shaped holder”

Between prefabricated elements, made, in particular, in the form of reinforced concrete elements, are continuous, i.e. preferably U-shaped holders extending along the entire length of the edges of one or more elements, which are respectively provided with slots / oblong openings corresponding to the gaps of the reinforcing grill. To compensate for tolerances, they are oversized compared to threaded threaded mates of reinforcing bars.

U-shaped holders should be at least 20 mm thick, 25 mm recommended. Binding to concrete elements takes place with the help of nuts, which are screwed onto protruding reinforcing bars or rods equipped on one side with the corresponding thread.

Since the elongated holes in the U-shaped holders to compensate for the tolerances must be significantly oversized compared to threaded mates, washers or screws / nuts with a flange are removed to ensure a sufficient contact surface.

U-shaped holders slide under the connectors and screw in.

This type of connection is clearly illustrated in Fig.13 and Fig.14.

In this case, Fig. 13 shows a cross section of a vertically oriented wall module 2, here provided with a corresponding cladding 1003. U-shaped holders are visible on the upper edge and lower edge of the wall module 2, by means of which they are connected to the adjacent wall modules not shown here. U-shaped holders each abut their shelves 1006 to the edge surfaces of the provided wall modules and form spacers in a known manner between adjacent wall modules. For a reliable connection between the U-shaped holders 1004 and the wall module 2, the ends (threaded fittings) of the reinforcing rods 10 protruding from the wall element and threaded there are threaded through the corresponding elongated holes in the shelf of the U-shaped holder and are locked by a lock nut 1010 screwed out from the outside.

The size of the holes / oblong holes in the shelves 1006 of the U-shaped holders 1004 through which the ends of the reinforcing bars 10 are passed is excessively selected in diameter so that the reinforcing bars with loosened locknuts 1010 have a corresponding clearance, preferably at least 5 mm in each direction.

The reinforcing bars 10 penetrate preferably in each case the entire wall module 2 from edge to edge or, respectively, from the place of mating to the place of mating. This means that each reinforcing bar 10 has at each of its two ends a connector of the kind described above that interacts with the provided connector of the adjacent wall module. Both connectors at opposite ends of the reinforcing bar 10 are preferably of the same type and have the same dimensions. The corresponding also applies to other types of connectors described below.

On Fig shows the connection thus created between the two wall modules in a top view. Only the horizontal reinforcing bars 10 are visible from the wall modules themselves in this simplified image.

With a correspondingly made reinforcing mesh, both vertical and horizontal connectors between adjacent wall modules can be made in this way.

2. Threaded connection type "box"

The box-type threaded connection described below is also suitable for both horizontal and vertical connectors.

This type of connection is explained using Fig.15 - Fig.18.

15, the left half of the drawing shows a perspective view of the reinforcing mesh 1012 of the rectangular wall module 2 with boxes 1014 connected at each end to the reinforcing bars 10. The wall module 2 is shown in the right half of the drawing in the shipping state with the concrete casting mass applied . Each of the boxes 1014, when docking the wall modules 2, is connected to the corresponding box 1014 of the adjacent wall module 2 by means of a threaded connection.

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of a combination of boxes, boxes, connected to each other in this way, at the junction of two wall modules 2.

On Fig and Fig shows two cross-sections, respectively marked in Fig.16 Roman numerals.

On the side facing the wall module 2, each duct 1014 is attached to the end of the reinforcing bar 10 and is fixed. This is accomplished by a so-called connection 1016 using a LENTON threaded sleeve or similar. To do this, the conically tapering end of the reinforcing bar provided with an external thread 10 is screwed into the threaded sleeve 1018 or, respectively, the threaded sleeve, which is an integral part of the box 1014, made in a complementary form.

The connection of two boxes 1014 of the same design to each other is carried out by means of an internal connecting finger 1020, which at each of the two ends is provided with an external thread and penetrates the corresponding channel 1022 of the finger. The screwed locknuts 1024 each act through an intermediate anchor plate 1026 on the ring bushing 1028 of the corresponding pin channel 1022 of the corresponding box 1014 and thereby fix the system. The annular end surface 1030 of each annular sleeve 1028 forms a contact surface acting as an abutment for the anchor plate 1026 in the form of a slotted washer. In this case, the annular bushings 1028 of the two boxes 1014 and at the same time both boxes 1014 in the aggregate in a contracted state are firmly pressed against each other.

Since, firstly, the inner diameter of the finger channel 1022 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting pin 1020, secondly, each anchor plate 1026 within the limited volume formed by the walls of the duct 1014 has sufficient free space for movement, and finally, there is also a sufficiently large axial clearance between each lock nut 1024 and the opposite threaded sleeve / threaded sleeve 1018 creates a connection that is very adaptable. The free space for movement in all three spatial directions when the locknuts 1024 are not yet tightened is preferably at least 5 mm.

3. Threaded connection type "limiter"

Another type of connection, suitable for both horizontal and vertical connections, is illustrated in Fig.19 - Fig.25.

At the same time, FIG. 21 shows one separate connector in perspective, and FIG. 22 is a plan view. On Fig - Fig shows different sections of the individual components of the connector.

In this type of connection, each reinforcing bar 10 of the wall module 2 is fixed on the end side in a terminal plate 1034, also referred to as a limiter. This can be done, in particular, by screwing it in, for example, using a connection using a LENTON threaded sleeve or the like, with a threaded one a sleeve 1036 or, respectively, a threaded sleeve with a geometric circuit is inserted into the corresponding drilling through the end plate 1034 and fixed (see Fig.24).

The connection of the two end plates 1034 is carried out, in turn, by means of threaded fingers 1038 which penetrate the corresponding drills in the end plates 1034 and are fixed by the nuts 1040. Accordingly, the drilled steel plates 1042 between the nuts 1040 and the end plates 1034 act in a known manner as washers.

In this embodiment, two threaded pins 1038 are provided, arranged symmetrically and parallel to the central axis of the reinforcing bar 10.

And here again, important is the good ability to adapt the connection to fit the inevitable manufacturing tolerances or, accordingly, inaccuracies in dimensions, as well as inaccuracies in alignment during installation. For this reason, the inner diameter of the holes pierced by the threaded fingers 1038 in the end plates 1034 is larger than the outer diameter of each threaded pin 1038 so that, with the nuts 1040 disconnected or loosened, the desired freedom of movement (in other words: clearance) is preferably greater than 5 mm all directions. This follows, for example, from Fig.24 and Fig.25.

The length dimension of the threaded fingers 1038 is expediently chosen so that in the finally mounted state there remains a significant gap between the two end plates 1034 connected to each other. Such gaps during the final finishing of the building consisting of wall modules 2 are preferably filled with a filling mass, for example, fine-grained concrete or building solution. This also applies in meaning to gaps, seams and gaps at the joints of adjacent wall modules with the other types of joints described here.

The distance between adjacent, parallel reinforcing bars 10 of the reinforcing grill 1012, which can be seen in FIG. 20, is usually of the order of 200 mm. This value should approximately also form the basis of the other connection options described here, while, of course, significant deviations are possible depending on the application. The characteristic diameter of the threaded fingers 1038 is of the order of 20 mm or more.

4. Threaded connection type "capture I"

This connection bears some resemblance to a threaded connection of the type “U-shaped holder”. The reinforcing bars are not screwed on using couplings, but metal grips are screwed onto the ends of the reinforcing bars, which ensure a complete joint. In addition, a metal plate is screwed onto the U-shaped holder, which complements the holder profile to a closed rectangular ring. The seam between the wall modules is expediently poured again.

This is clearly shown in FIG. 26 in perspective and in FIG. 27 in cross section.

In Fig.27, a metal grip 1046 connected to the corresponding reinforcing bar 10 is visible. It is made integrally and has a threaded sleeve 1048 screwed onto the reinforcing bar 10 and a mounting shelf 1050 located at right angles to the side. The end of the reinforcing bar 10 provided with a threaded sleeve 1048 is drawn through drilling with a significant clearance in the shelf 1052 of the U-shaped holder 1054 so that the mounting shelf 1050 of the metal grip 1046 is fixed inside the U-shaped holder 1054. Screwed onto the U-shaped holder 105 4, a metal plate 1058 closes the U-shaped profile to form a duct.

Similarly to the connection of the type “U-shaped holder”, located between two connected to each other wall modules 2 box preferably distributed along the entire length of their edges.

5. Threaded connection type "capture II"

With this type of connection, similar to the “grip I” connection, the reinforcing bars 10 are provided with screwed metal grippers 1060 on one side. In contrast, the U-shaped bracket 1062 does not extend along several or all of the mates of one side edge of each wall module 2, but only on the connectors themselves. Fixing is carried out using screws 1064 extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the reinforcing bars 10, as shown in FIG. 28 in perspective and in FIG. 29 in cross section.

6. Connection using two-head anchors

Finally, alternatively or in addition to the types of joints described so far, so-called double-head anchors can be used as connecting means, which are inserted into the corresponding recesses in the wall modules. This makes it possible to transmit tensile forces for the corresponding wall joint.

The connecting system is illustrated in FIG. 30 by means of a cross section of two wall modules 2 connected to each other. In this example, two two-headed anchors 1070 located at right angles to each other are combined to produce an anchor cross 1072. In particular, these two two-headed anchors 1070 can be rigidly connected to each other at the intersection point of the anchor cross 1072. The anchor cross 1072 can also be solid cast. Of course, alternatively, simple two-head anchors 1070 can also be used.

Each two-headed anchor 1070 has two thickened, radially spaced heads 1074, which are integrally made from the end side on the anchor rod 1076 and which are fixed in the corresponding recesses or grooves of each provided wall module 2 with a geometric closure. After installation, these recesses are expediently filled with a filling mass, for example, mortar or lightweight concrete.

Reference List

2 Wall module

4 Connector

6 Connecting element

8 Wall element

10 Rebar

12 mounting plate

14 Bracket

16 Main plate

18 shelf plate

20 Stud

22 groove

24 Groove edge

26 Sleeve

28 Locknut

30 transverse plate

32 frame plate

34 notch

36 Anchor plate

38 Stud

40 Anchor nut

42 Weld

1003 cladding

1004 U-shaped holder

1016 Shelf

1008 Rebar

1010 Locknut

1012 Reinforcing mesh

1014 Box

1016 threaded coupling

1018 threaded sleeve

1020 Connecting finger

1022 Finger Channel

1024 locknut

1026 Anchor plate

1028 ring sleeve

1030 End surface

1034 end plate

1036 threaded sleeve

1038 threaded finger

1040 Nut

1042 steel plate

1046 Metal Grip

1048 threaded sleeve

1050 Fixing shelf

1052 Shelf

1054 U-shaped holder

1058 metal plate

1060 Metal Grip

1062 U-bracket

1064 Screw

1070 Double Head Anchor

1072 Anchor cross

1074 Head

1076 Anchor bar.

Claims (22)

1. The wall module (2) for the construction of the structure, made in the form of a concrete prefabricated element, including a wall element (8) having the correct main surface and a number of edges, provided with a plurality of corrugated reinforcing bars (10) that form the whole of them together, which are poured into the wall element (8), while the reinforcing bars (10) pass through the wall element (8) essentially from edge to edge and are provided at their ends with connecting elements (6) that are designed to create a connection with the set unitary connecting elements (6) directly adjacent wall module (2), characterized in that the corresponding connecting element (6) is connected with a gap with the corresponding reinforcing rod (10) so that it has the ability to displace in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing rod (10) at least 2 mm in all directions relative to the central position. 2. Wall module (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a rectangular main surface and four edges, while the reinforcing bars (10) are respectively parallel to the edges. 3. Wall module (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is possible to offset at least 5 millimeters. 4. Wall module (2) according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the connecting elements (6) are designed to connect to each other with a power circuit, in particular by threaded connection. 5. Wall module (2) according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that at least two parallel-passing reinforcing bars (10) are combined respectively in one connecting node and from the end side are connected to the same connecting element (6). 6. Wall module (2) according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that in the mounted state, horizontally extending reinforcing bars (10) from the end side are rigidly connected to the supporting element having at least one mounting plate (12), in particular, are welded, with each mounting plate (12) covered U-shaped staple-shaped element (14), including the main plate (16) and two plates (18) of shelves, and the plates (18) of the shelves, in turn, are rigidly connected to the corresponding horizontal connecting element (6), in particular welded. 7. Wall module (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the corresponding load-bearing element consists of one single rectangular parallelepiped-shaped mounting plate (12), which is rigidly connected to only two reinforcing bars (10), in particular, is welded. 8. Wall module (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that the corresponding supporting element includes two rectangular parallelepiped-shaped mounting plates (12) connected to each other by means of two rectangular parallelepiped-shaped transverse plates (30), with the supporting element is rigidly connected to four corresponding reinforcing bars (10), in particular, welded, and each of the two mounting plates (12) is surrounded by a staple element (14) connected to the horizontal connecting element (6). 9. Wall module (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the corresponding horizontal connecting element (6) includes a sleeve (26) equipped with an internal thread in a female version, and a pin (20) equipped with an external thread in a complementary pin version. with a corresponding locknut (28), while the pin connector (6) and the female connector (6) in a state connected to each other interact with each other like a screw tie. 10. Wall module (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that each sleeve (26) at the end facing the supporting element is screwed onto a stud (20), which is provided for fastening to the staple element (14). 11. Wall module (2) according to claim 10, characterized in that the plates (18) of the shelves of the corresponding staple element (14) are oriented parallel to the horizontally extending reinforcing bars (10) and have grooves (22) parallel to them, which are bounded by the edges ( 24) grooves, while the corresponding pin (20) of the corresponding connecting element (6) along the groove (22) is sandwiched between the plates (18) of the shelves and in the region of the edges (24) of the groove is rigidly connected to the plates (18) of the shelves, in particular, welded. 12. Wall module (2) according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that in the mounted state vertically extending reinforcing bars (10) from the end side are rigidly connected, in particular welded, with a supporting element having a recess for threading a stud (38) equipped with an external thread, which in combination with two screwed with anchor nuts (40) and, if necessary, with existing anchor plates (36) through which the studs (38) pass, acts as a vertical connecting element (6). 13. Wall module (2) according to claim 12, characterized in that the corresponding supporting element includes four frames connected to each other in the form of a rectangular frame, having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped of the frame plate (32), while two plates opposite each other (32) the frames are rigidly connected each to one reinforcing bar (10), in particular, are welded. 14. Wall module (2) according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the wall element (8) has, like a sandwich structure, an outer shell, an inner shell and an inner filler located between them, while the outer shell and the inner shell are connected to each other without the possibility of shear by means of reinforcing elements. 15. A structure consisting of a plurality of wall modules (2) connected to each other by means of connecting elements (6) according to one of paragraphs. 1-14. 16. The construction according to claim 15, in which the joints between the wall modules (2) and, if necessary, the recesses in the area of the connecting elements (6) in each wall element (8) are filled with a filling mass, in particular concrete. 17. The connecting system for the construction of prefabricated elements, which includes many wall modules (2) according to one of paragraphs. 1-13, and the connecting system includes one or more elements from the following group: - U-shaped holder (1004, 1054, 1062) or box (1014), which is located in the seam between two wall modules (2), and to which reinforcing bars (10) are screwed; - U-shaped holder (1004, 1054, 1062) or duct (1014), which is located in the seam between two wall modules (2), and into which reinforcing bars (10) are inserted with a geometric closure by means of screwed-on metal grippers (1046, 1060 ); - a combination of two locking plates (1034) or boxes (1014, 1054) connected to each other by means of threaded fingers (1020, 1038), with each locking plate (1034) or each box (1014, 1054) screwed to one from reinforcing bars (10); - two-head anchor (1070).

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