RU2613077C1 - Railway rolling stock automated washing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway rolling stock external washing devices. Railway rolling stock automated washing unit comprises rail track for rolling stock movement inside unit, modular washing equipment, installed along rail track, equipped with brush mechanisms and water supply means, fresh washing solution preparation and feed modules, as well as rolling stock drying means, water treatment and recirculation unit, connected with washing equipment by pipelines via pumps, as well as control devices. At inlet into unit preliminary rinsing module is arranged, after which are installed in series first detergent solution application module, brush washing module containing brushes section for washing of roof, for lateral sides rinsing and for treatment of rolling stock lower rims, then second detergent solution application module and mobile washing module, made with possibility of washing roof, lateral sides, front and rear parts of rolling stock, as well as cars end sides on intercar space side, after which rinsing module is installed containing brushes section for washing of roof, for lateral sides rinsing and treatment of rolling stock lower rims, then flush reagents application module and drying module are fitted.

EFFECT: enabling higher quality of rolling stock external surface washing with higher efficiency and simplification of technology due to fewer brush sections, as well as with water and energy resources saving.

22 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to devices for cleaning vehicles, in particular to the external washing of rolling stock of railway vehicles, such as passenger trains, subway trains and other electric trains, and can be used for similar purposes when washing outside any rail vehicle designed to carry passengers such as tram cars.

State of the art

From the description of US Patent No. 4,135,533 (IPC: B60S 3/00) published 01/23/1979, a system for cleaning vehicles, such as trains, locomotives, buses and large trucks of various external configurations, which provides cleaning of the vehicle regardless of the external configuration, is known without using brushes. The system includes railroad tracks along which a unit containing a pre-wetting station, a sink and a rinse station is located. The pre-wetting station additionally provides control of the surface temperature of the vehicle. The station is made in the form of several arches, each of which is equipped with nozzles, the arrangement of which provides a certain angle of impact of the jet, approximately 80 degrees at a specific pressure of the shock jet of the washing liquid of the order of 0.3 to 0.5 psi. The sink also contains arches equipped with nozzles that provide an angle of impact of the jet of soap, detergents, or other detergent on the order of 80 degrees at a specific pressure of the shock jet from 1.5 to 2.0 pounds per square inch. The rinse station is designed to wash dirty soapy liquid from the surface of vehicles and to complete the cleaning operation. Each arch has a shape and size sufficient to allow passage of a large vehicle to be cleaned. Liquid effluents from the pre-wetting station, washing and rinsing stations are collected and returned separately for reuse. The operator controlling the system determines the configuration of each vehicle entering the installation and activates the corresponding arches. System equipment is housed in a building that may have air curtains at the entrance and exit of the building.

The disadvantage of this system is the lack of an automatic mode of operation and the need for constant monitoring by the operator of the washing process. In addition, this system does not use drying, nor does it use brushes, without which it is not possible to obtain high-quality cleaning of vehicles and subsequent surface treatment.

The prior art installation for washing rolling stock of railway vehicles, disclosed in the description of the application for the grant of a Chinese patent for invention CN 103373322 (IPC: B60S 3/00), published on 10/30/2013. The installation comprises a number of blocks installed along the rail track, which serve for preliminary rinsing, for washing and for rinsing after washing of a train traveling on rails. The blocks are equipped with multi-way nozzles through which high-pressure jets are fed at different angles to clean the outer surface of the train. The installation is equipped with a system of reverse water supply and sewage treatment, as well as blowers for heating and drying the train at the exit of the installation. Before entering the installation, a touch panel is placed for the task of the automatic control program of the installation, interconnected with sensors signaling the position of the train.

This system also does not use brushes, without which it is not possible to obtain high-quality cleaning of vehicles and subsequent surface treatment.

Known automated installation for washing railway cars, disclosed in the description of patent RU 102570, IPC B60S 3/00, publ. 10/15/2010 The aforementioned automated installation for washing rail vehicles contains a base made in the form of a platform with guides for moving the rail vehicles, on which a chemical detergent application module and a main washing module are installed in series. The washing module is designed for frontal washing of a vehicle, such as a locomotive. It contains bearing frames mounted on the bases to which guides are attached with self-propelled carriages mounted on them with cylindrical drive brushes mounted on consoles with the possibility of their inclination, rotation and movement in the vertical direction by means of corresponding drives. The module also contains means for supplying a washing solution, a control system for the operation of the device containing appropriate sensors for the position of the vehicle, carriages driving brushes. In each of the autonomous modules, spinners are equipped with pneumatic actuators to extend them to the working position and swing the nozzle assembly, sensors for monitoring the position of the spiners in the initial and working position, and additional sensors for controlling the location of the drive brushes in the parking zone have been introduced. The nozzle assembly of the spiner is equipped with an additional nozzle for the possibility of spraying an acidic washing solution. Bearing frames are equipped with a drive for moving them in the horizontal direction.

A disadvantage of the known installation is that its design does not provide for the solution of the environmental safety problem in relation to wastewater pollution. In addition, when using an acidic washing solution, corrosion protection of the plant’s metal structures is not provided, and drying and application of protective anticorrosive grease on the outer surface of the washed cars is not provided, which reduces both the reliability of the washing installation and the quality of work on cleaning the rolling stock of railway vehicles.

The closest analogue of the proposed automated washing installation for rail vehicles is the installation for washing railway cars, known from the description and paragraphs 6-8 of the claims of patent RU 2264312, IPC B60S 3/04, B08V 3/02, publ. 11/20/2005. A device for washing the outer surface of passenger cars contains a mortar tank for preparing the initial washing solution, means for heating or cooling the outer surface, a consumable tank through a heat exchanger and pumps connected to the means of jet washing the outer surface and the frames of the carts from dirt, made in the form of brush mechanisms, reinforced on supporting frames and equipped with a drive, means for rinsing the outer surface of the washing solution, means for drying the outer surface of the car nov, a treatment plant for wastewater generated during washing, including the receiving tank of the contaminated washing solution, a settling tank for phase separation into fractions, intermediate tanks for collecting and removing individual fractions, equipped with pumps, heat exchangers, interconnected pipelines, and a shut-off valve installed on them equipment and sensors for monitoring the relevant parameters, a water supply and recirculation system for rinsing the outer surface, including tanks of various capacities, pumps, a filter, sedimentation tank and water neutralization unit. Means for blowing the outer surface of the carriage are additionally introduced into the washing device, and the wastewater treatment plants formed at each washing stage are made separately, and a step grate, granular filter, dosing and supplying coagulant and flocculant are introduced into the sump and collector, respectively sludge, disinfection unit for the cleaned washing solution, filter press for dewatering the sludge. In the water supply and recirculation system, an installation for disinfection of purified water is additionally introduced. The means of jet washing the outer surface of the car from contaminants in the first washing stage are similar to rinsing agents, and the brush mechanisms used in the second washing stage are made of two parts equipped with autonomous drives. The means of jet washing at the first stage and the rinsing stage are made in the form of a series of L-shaped supporting frames placed along the car on both sides, on the racks of which the washing heads are placed with a certain height step with the possibility of changing their position and angle of the jets, respectively, for washing and rinsing the side surface and the roof of the carriage, the washing heads intended for the roof and side surface being connected to different pipelines for supplying a washing solution or water.

The described device is uneconomical in terms of water and energy resources, requires large areas for the placement of treatment facilities, and does not provide an improvement in the quality of washing and processing of the outer surface of railroad cars.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the creation of a reliable, efficient and economical installation for washing rolling stock of railway transport, providing high quality cleaning and at the same time meeting high environmental safety requirements.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of washing the outer surface of railway rolling stock while increasing productivity and simplifying technology by reducing the number of brush sections, as well as saving water and energy resources.

To solve this problem, an automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway transport, its front and end surfaces, containing a track for moving the rolling stock inside the installation, a modular washing equipment located along the track, equipped with brush mechanisms and water supply, cooking modules and supply of fresh detergent solution, as well as means for drying the rolling stock, water purification and recirculation unit, connected pipeline through pumps with washing equipment, as well as controls, characterized in that a pre-rinse module is placed at the inlet of the installation, followed by a first module for applying the washing solution, a brush washing module containing sections of brushes for washing the roof, for washing the sides and for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, then a second module for applying the washing solution and a mobile washing module configured to flush the roof, sides, front and rear are installed s portion of the rolling stock, as well as short sides carriages from an inter-vehicle space, after which the set rinse module comprising sections of brushes for washing the roof, for washing the sides and lower flanges treatment of rolling stock, then set module applying wash reagents and drying unit.

The preliminary rinse module of the claimed installation is configured to direct the effluents to the pool with the used solution connected to the water purification and recirculation unit containing a collection tank equipped with at least ozone generators and submersible pumps with hydrocyclones, configured to return the purified recycled water to the preliminary module rinsing through a collection tank, made with the possibility of adding clean water to it. In this case, the preliminary rinse module is made in the form of an arch, on which a pipeline is fixed, equipped with nozzles for supplying water under pressure up to 20 atm from the inside.

The detergent application modules of the claimed installation are made in the form of an arch, on which a pipeline is fixed, equipped with nozzles for supplying the washing solution under pressure up to 4 atm from the inside. Moreover, the pipeline and nozzles of the detergent application modules are made of stainless steel.

Next, the installed brush washing module is configured to direct the effluents to the pool with the used solution, connected to the water treatment and recycling unit containing a collection tank equipped with ozone generators and submersible pumps with hydrocyclones, configured to return the recirculated water to the brush washing module through the collection tank . Said brush washing module is made in the form of a frame frame, on which rotary brush gates are installed with bearings in the form of a section of brushes for washing the roof, at least two vertical sections for washing the sides and sections for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, the brushes being connected to driven. The sections of the brush washing module are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock.

The mobile washing module is also made in the form of a frame structure, on which splash shields are made of galvanized steel, fixed with stainless steel rivets. Moreover, the brush for horizontal washing of the roof of the mobile washing module is made two-sectional and detachable.

The rinsing module is equipped with pipelines with nozzles installed with the possibility of supplying clean (not circulating) water to the brushes, and the brush sections are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock. Moreover, the brushes of the rinsing module for washing the sides of the rolling stock are made of a material that provides the effect of polishing the sides of the rolling stock. The washing reagent application module installed next is adapted to apply a protective coating, in particular a wax-based coating, to the outer surface of the rolling stock.

The drying module is made in the form of a frame structure with fans fixed to the racks installed in the housing structure with slotted air distributors (blowers). As fans, high-pressure gearless radial fans are mainly used.

The pool with the used solution for collecting water drains and the washing solution is placed in the technological pit between the rails and is connected to the water purification and recirculation unit, and also connected to the effluent treatment module, which in turn is connected to the drainage system.

Modules for the preparation and supply of fresh detergent solution are equipped with means for automatic mixing of the solution.

In the claimed installation, the modules of the washing equipment have a supporting frame structure made of welded profile pipes with an epoxy anti-corrosion coating, and the brush mechanisms of the washing modules are made with the possibility of automatic lubrication of the bearing assemblies.

The controls of the declared automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway vehicles are made with the possibility of selecting a washing program on the control panel located in front of the entrance to the installation. These controls are configured to receive signals from a system of photocells placed along the rail track about the passage of the rolling stock through the installation for adjusting the safe position of the brushes.

Brief Description of the Drawings

For a more complete understanding of the claimed technical solution in FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the claimed installation, and in FIG. 2 shows a general view of the placement of washing equipment.

FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of an automated installation for washing rolling stock of a railway vehicle. Installation elements are indicated by the following positions:

Pos. 1 - pre-rinse module.

Pos. 2 - the first module for applying the washing solution.

Pos. 3 - brush washing module.

Pos. 4 - second module for applying the washing solution.

Pos. 5 - mobile washing module.

Pos. 6 - rinse module.

Pos. 7 - module for applying flushing reagents.

Pos. 8 - drying module.

Pos. 9 - pool with the used solution.

Pos. 10 - block purification and recycling of water.

Pos. 11 - collection tank.

Pos. 12 - module for the preparation and supply of fresh detergent solution.

Pos. 13 - module for the preparation and supply of fresh washing solution.

Pos. 14 - wastewater treatment module.

FIG. 2 shows a general view of the placement of the washing equipment (the position names are the same as in FIG. 1).

The implementation of the invention

An automated installation for washing rolling stock of a railway vehicle according to the invention is presented in the form of a block diagram in FIG. 1. At the entrance to the installation, a pre-rinse module 1 is placed, followed by a first module for applying the washing solution 2, a brush washing module 3, comprising sections of brushes for washing the roof, for washing the sides and for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock; then, a second module for applying the washing solution 4 and a mobile washing module 5, configured to flush the roof, sides, front and rear of the rolling stock, as well as the ends of the wagons from the side of the wagon space, are installed. After it, a rinse module 6 is installed, containing sections of brushes for washing the roof, for washing the sides and processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, then a module for applying flushing reagents 7 and a drying module 8 is installed. In this case, the preliminary rinse module 1 is configured to direct drains to the pool with the used solution 9, connected to the water purification and recirculation unit 10, containing a collection tank 11, equipped with at least ozone generators and submersible pumps with hydrocyclones, filled with the possibility of returning the purified circulating water to the pre-rinse module 1 through the collection tank 11, configured to add clean water to it. The first module for applying the washing solution 2, the brush washing module 3, the second module for applying the washing solution 4, the mobile washing module 5, the rinsing module 6, the module for applying washing reagents 7 and the drying module 8 are also connected to the pool with the used solution 9, which, as noted above, connected to the water purification and recycling unit 10, and the excess of the used solution is discharged into the drain through the wastewater treatment module 14. Moreover, the first module for applying the washing solution 2 and the second module for applying the washing solution 4 with dineny with at least one cooking module and supplying fresh detergent solution 12, 13, wherein the preparation of detergent solution is made to clean the water.

The brush washing module 3 is connected to the water purification and recycling unit 10, comprising a collection tank 11, equipped with at least ozone generators and submersible pumps with hydrocyclones, configured to return the recirculation water to the brush washing module 3 through the collection tank 11.

At the same time, the mobile washing module 5 is also connected to the module for preparing and supplying fresh washing solution 13 made in clean water, the mobile washing module 5 being configured to wash both with fresh washing solution and rinsing with clean water. A rinse module 6 is connected to the supply of clean water.

As a part of the claimed installation, the washing equipment modules have a supporting frame structure made of welded profile pipes with an epoxy anticorrosive coating.

The module for preparing and supplying fresh washing solution 12, 13 contains means for automatically mixing the solution, preventing its interfacial separation.

The installation controls are configured to select a washing program on a control panel located, preferably, before entering the installation. In this case, the control means are configured to receive signals from a system of photocells placed along the rail track about the passage of the rolling stock through the installation for adjusting the safe position of the brushes.

The pre-rinse module 1 is made in the form of an arch, on which a pipeline is fixed, equipped with nozzles for supplying water under high pressure up to 20 atm from the inside.

The modules for applying the washing solution are also made in the form of arches, on which pipelines are fixed, equipped with nozzles on the inside for supplying the washing solution under pressure up to 4 atm. Moreover, to protect against corrosion, the pipelines and nozzles of the modules for applying the detergent solution 2, 4 are made of stainless steel, and the supporting structures of the arches are closed with protective shields.

The brush washing module 3 is made in the form of a frame frame on which rotary brush gates are installed using bearings in the form of a section of brushes for washing the roof, at least two vertical sections for washing the sides and sections for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, the brushes being connected to a rotation drive made in the form of an electric motor with a gearbox. The supporting structures of the frame and electrical equipment are protected from splashing of the cleaning solution by protective shields.

The sections of the brush washing module 3 are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock.

A feature of the claimed installation is the use of a mobile washing module 5, installed in its middle part, made with the possibility of reverse movement along rail guides along the train cars inside the installation for the convenience of washing cars from the side of the car space.

In this case, the brush for horizontal washing of the roof of the mobile washing module is made two-sectional and detachable and is additionally equipped with a vertical displacement drive.

Mobile washing module 5 is made in the form of a frame structure, on which splash shields are made of galvanized steel, fixed with stainless steel rivets.

The next rinse module 6 is equipped with pipelines with nozzles installed with the possibility of supplying clean (not circulating) water to the brushes, and the brush sections are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock of the rail transport.

The brushes of the rinse module 6 for washing the sides of the rolling stock are mainly made of soft material to provide the effect of polishing the cleaned surface of the sides of the rolling stock of railway vehicles.

To improve the quality of washing the outer surface of the rolling stock, the claimed installation is additionally equipped with a module for applying flushing reagents 7, which is made with the possibility of applying a protective coating to the outer surface of cars, in particular, a wax-based coating that provides the treated surface with dirt-repellent and anti-corrosion protective properties and gloss.

The final drying module 8 is made in the form of a frame structure with fans mounted on racks. The fans are preferably housed in hull structures (blowers) with slotted air distributors directing the air flow to the outer surface of the train cars. The drying module 8 is placed at the outlet of the installation and contains at least three blowers in a vertical row on each side of the rail track.

In the claimed installation, the collector for collecting water effluents and washing solution — a pool with the used solution 9 — is placed in the technological pit between the rails of the rail track. The collector is divided into segments to separate the drains from different washing modules.

To increase reliability, the brush mechanisms of the claimed installation are configured to automatically lubricate the bearing assemblies.

The figure 2 presents a General view of the placement of the washing equipment with the main washing modules used in the claimed device. Depending on the length of the composition of the railway transport to be washed, the number of similar blocks in the washing equipment can be increased while maintaining the declared sequence of blocks. For example, in FIG. 2 shows that the first module for applying the washing solution (pos. 2) and the module for applying flushing reagents (pos. 7) are doubled.

The proposed automated washing installation is designed for external washing of rolling stock of railway transport, mainly passenger trains, and is a permanently installed indoor structure through which trains pass in their own way (in accordance with the permissive signals of semaphores).

The automated car wash installation is a modular design designed for a long service life. Its frame is made of welded profile pipes, the surface of which is treated with heavy-duty epoxy anticorrosive composition.

An automated installation for washing rolling stock works fully automatically according to pre-installed programs. The photocell system associated with the control system controls the passage of the composition through the installation. Washing can be carried out in only one direction, but movement along the rail track inside the unit without washing can occur in both directions. In this case, the control panel can control the washing in manual mode. The installation is equipped with controls that ensure the safety of its operation, speed control. The installation allows automatic selection of washing programs, taking into account the speed of the train.

The recommended train speed in the washing mode is max. 1.5 ... 2.5 km / h (25 ... 42 m / min or 0.4 ... 0.7 m / s), which provides the best flushing of the outer surface of the rolling stock with a capacity of 1 ... 2 trains of 20 cars per hour .

The washing equipment modules of an automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway vehicles have the following characteristics during operation.

The pre-rinse module 1 has an arched construction. It is located at the entrance to the installation and combines the performance of two functions, preliminary cleaning and preliminary correction of the temperature of the outer surface of the rolling stock of railway transport. In winter, water is supplied to the surface of the cars to preheat the car body and obtain the best washing result. In the summer, module 1 provides water cooling of the surface of the cars. In both cases, indoor or cold circulating water is used. Recycled water is supplied to module 1 from a collection tank 11 in the process of recirculation by a 5.5 kW pump. If necessary, tap water is added to the collection tank 11. The estimated capacity of module 1 is 270 liters / min, at a pressure of 20 bar (19.7 atm). The nozzles of the pre-rinse module 1, installed with a certain step on the inner side of the supporting arch, allow high-performance jet processing with high-pressure jets (up to 20 atm) of the entire perimeter of the outer surface of the car body, including washing the chassis (car carriage).

Module 2 is the first module for applying fresh detergent solution (not recycle) and performs the function of soaking contaminants present on the surface of the composition. The application of the preliminary washing solution on the car bodies is carried out before the start of the main brush washing process. Preliminary application of the washing solution allows you to prepare the surface of the car for a better wash. The dirt gets wet and liquefies, which greatly simplifies subsequent washing operations and ensures high quality cleaning of the outer surface of the rolling stock of railway vehicles. The residence time of chemical detergent on the car body depends on the speed of the train and the distance between the module 2 and the brush washing module 3 and varies within 1 ... 2 minutes.

The pre-wash solution is supplied with two separate pump units in a volume of about 15 l / min. Pumping units can be used either together at the same time (normal mode), or separately only one unit of your choice. Pipelines and nozzles of module 2 are made of stainless steel. The performance of module 2 is up to 15 liters / min at a nozzle pressure of up to 4 bar (3.9 atm).

Further along the rolling stock through the declared installation, module 3 is located - it is a brush washing module containing sections of brushes for washing the roof, for washing the sides and for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, installed as shown in FIG. 2. The brush section has a frame construction of the housing on which rotary brush gates are installed using bearings. The rotation of the brushes is carried out using a drive, for example, having a 5.5 kW engine and gear transmission. The brush pressure during the washing process is regulated by compressed air and liquid damping. For this, sections of the brush washing module 3 are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock. The brush consists of a carrier pipe and screws attached to it, easily replaceable brush elements, for example, 500 mm long. The direction of rotation of the brush is in the direction of the composition. The rotation speed is, for example, 148 rpm. The brush washing module 3 is equipped with pipelines with nozzles installed with the possibility of supplying a washing liquid solution, for example, 60 l / min. Water pipes and nozzles of module 3 are made of stainless steel. Module 3 in the optimal configuration (Fig. 2) contains two pairs of side brushes, a pair of brushes for washing the roof and a pair of brushes for processing edges. The contact pressure between the brushes and the composition is regulated by the pneumatic system using a control panel that regulates the efforts of the pneumatic cylinders. The brushes are triggered by a signal from an infrared photocell.

Further along the rolling stock through the declared installation, module 4 is located - this is the second module for applying the washing solution, through the nozzles of which a fresh washing solution (non-negotiable) is supplied to the outer surface of the cars.

Mixing (preparation) of “fresh” washing solutions is carried out in modules 12, 13 automatically using a mixing station. Then, through the pumps, the washing solution is supplied from module 12 to the nozzles of module 2, and from module 13 to the nozzles of modules 4 and 5.

The supply of fresh washing solution to the nozzles of module 4 is preferably carried out by two separate pump units in a volume of about 15 l / min. Then, for each of the pumping units, its own set of containers for diluting the solution and for supplying the solution (separate tanks) is provided. The pump units can be used either together at the same time (normal mode), or separately only one unit of your choice (for example, during maintenance). Pipelines and nozzles of module 4 are made of stainless steel.

For washing the front and rear surfaces of cars of a passenger train, the installation includes a washing module 5, which provides washing of the ends of the cars, including from the side of the car space. Module 5 is a 4-brush mobile floor-mounted rail washing system configured to deflect and rotate brushes. The height and width of the brushes during washing is regulated in accordance with the parameters of the train. In this case, the brush for horizontal washing of the roof is made two-sectional and detachable. The contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock for the roof brush section is regulated using load-sensitive current relays and a controller. The progressive movement of the roof brushes in height is regulated through a gearbox and a gear transmission. Module 5 contains a pair of side brushes for washing the surface of the car in the vertical direction. The contact pressure between the brushes and the train is regulated by the pneumatic system using the control panel and pneumatic cylinders. Module 5 uses high-density brushes, designed for high load, in order to ensure the durability of the brushes and the optimal quality of the wash.

The frame and steel parts of module 5 are made of galvanized steel. Splash shields made of galvanized sheet steel with a colorful coating are fixed on the frame. Elements of sheet steel are fixed with stainless steel rivets, which prevents the effect of galvanization. All control units and electronic components are installed in an electrical cabinet located in a dry place to provide maximum protection against splashing of the cleaning solution. All mechanical gears are located inside the body of the washing equipment. The equipment of module 5 includes rails in the form of galvanized steel rails mounted on the floor, as well as a device against derailment. Thus, the mobile washing module 5 is made with the possibility of reverse movement along rail guides along the rolling stock inside the installation, which allows it to be more accurately positioned when placing brushes in the intercar space. To ensure the cleanliness of the brushes during the washing cycle, both detergent and clean water are automatically dispensed and distributed on them.

When the train enters the installation section in which module 5 is located, the warning light flashes red and the train stops. The front end part of the train is washed with front horizontal brushes moving along the height of the train. When the front horizontal brush reaches the upper position in the washing mode, the warning lamp turns off, the control system fixes the safe position of the brush and the composition continues to move forward.

When the back of the train passes through the sink, the warning light indicates a stop, the train stops, the rear end of the train is washed with horizontal brushes. Then the light signal displays the command "forward", and the composition continues to move through the washing compartment. Side brushes rotate in the direction opposite to the movement of the composition to ensure the best washing result. The rotation of the brushes is carried out using a drive that includes an engine, for example, 5.5 kW and a gear transmission. The brush consists of a carrier brush pipe and screws attached to it, easily replaceable brush elements, for example, 500 mm long. The rotation speed is preferably 148 rpm. Water pipes and nozzles are made of stainless steel. The washing solution, as already noted, is supplied from module 13 in an amount of about 200 l / min.

At the end of the washing process, rinse and dry the composition. The speed of the train passing through the sink is 0.7-2.4 km / h. The speed of movement of the composition is controlled by automation systems of controls.

The rinse module 6 contains an arch made with the possibility of rinsing, and sections of the brushes for washing the roof, for washing the sides and processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, which are intended for the final washing off of detergents. Rinsing after washing with brushes is carried out with clean water. The cold water supply line is made in the form of a pipeline with a diameter of 1.5-2 inches with protection against backflow.

It should be further noted that all pipelines of the claimed installation are equipped with the necessary shutoff valves, which are not shown in the figures.

Rinsing module 6 is equipped with pipelines with nozzles installed with the possibility of supplying clean (not reverse) water to the arch and brushes, and the brush sections are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock. In this case, the brushes of the rinsing module 6 for washing the sides of the rolling stock are made of a softer material that provides the effect of polishing the sides of the rolling stock. For example, on the module 6 can be used segments of brushes made of material of the type "Carlit".

After module 6 rinse installed module 7 applying flushing reagents.

Module 7 is configured to apply a protective coating, in particular a wax-based coating, to the rolling stock cars on the outer surface. The wax coating provides a beautiful shine to the treated surface, gives it hydrophobic dirt-repellent properties, fills micro-scratches, thereby increasing the anti-corrosion properties.

The drying module 8 is a frame structure with fans fixed on vertical racks, the cases of which are made with slotted air distributors, for directing the air stream to the surface to be treated. Drying is intended for the final removal of water from the car body with a stream of air.

To improve the quality of drying, as well as reduce water losses in the washing compartment, six separate blowers are used on the arch structure at the outlet of the installation, in the form of radial fans installed each in its housing structure with a slotted air distributor - 3 from each side of the train. Gearless radial fans with 6 × 11 kW motors are preferably used. Starting and stopping the drying process are regulated by infrared photocells.

For operation of the declared automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway vehicles, a compressed air line with compressor equipment with a capacity of approximately 500 l / min at an air pressure of 7 bar is also required.

In the claimed automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway transport, to solve the problem of more economical water consumption, a block 10 of water purification and recycling is used. The recirculation process is provided by a mechanical treatment plant containing a pump with hydrocyclones with a capacity of up to 750 l / min.

All pumps that are designed for pumping dirty water are equipped with oil-resistant gaskets and ceramic seals.

Recirculation is provided automatically by regulating the water level in the collection tank 11, while requiring minimal maintenance of the equipment.

The connection of the water purification and recycling unit 10 is arranged so that in case of interruption of its operation, the supply (recharge) of fresh tap water of the collection tank 11 with recycled water is provided.

The collection tank 11 of recycled water is required to ensure the operation of high pressure pumps that supply purified recycled water to the high pressure arch of the pre-rinse module 1. The collection tank 11 can be made, for example, of plastic with a volume of at least 1600 liters. Automatic filling of the collection tank 11 is carried out using an electromagnetic valve and a level sensor. The collection tank 11 is equipped with ozone generators and submersible pumps. The ozone generator is designed to eliminate bacterial contamination and odors of recycled water. The ozone supply in the claimed installation is a fully automated function with the production of approximately 5 g of ozone per hour.

The wastewater treatment module 14 contains a water treatment system based on the electrofloculation method. Electrofloculation is a combination of electroflotation and electric deposition. Contaminated water is pumped into the electroflocculation unit and flows between the anode and cathode. The cathode is made of stainless steel, the anode material depends on the specific type of main contamination. During electrolysis, water is reduced to H ₂ (gas) and / or oxidized to O ₂ (gas). Moreover, during the electrolysis, small gas bubbles are formed with a size of approximately 20 microns. These bubbles move to the surface of the liquid, colliding with impurities distributed in it, such as oil, heavy metals and other impurities of various nature, forming flakes that undergo mechanical separation.

During this water treatment process, up to 80% of all contaminants of organic and inorganic nature can be extracted. A consumable anode is used to separate the remaining 20% of contaminants.

Waste must be collected in a container that is regularly emptied. The intensity of electrolysis is regulated by setting the voltage and current strength.

For dewatering sludge and waste (sludge) of the washing unit, a press filter is designed, for example, manufactured by RailMatic for pressing waste in order to reduce the cost of further transportation and disposal.

The principle of operation of the press includes a filtration stage, a stage of compression and dehydration with compressed air.

At the filtration stage, the loaded sludge enters the filtration chambers of the press through the holes located in the upper part. At the filtration stage, a set of filter press frames is used, which are compressed under pressure pumped by a high-pressure hydraulic pump. Filtration begins immediately, through the walls of the chamber. The filtrate is discharged through the four openings in each chamber. Bilateral filtering allows you to quickly form a filter cake and reduce the duration of the filtering stage of the dehydration cycle.

At the compression stage, the body of the cake is stabilized by filling a rubber membrane located on one of its sides. Typically, this step takes less of the cycle time and is useful in terms of reducing dehydration costs and shortening the overall cycle time. The membrane is filled with compressed air or (when using high pressure) water.

At the dewatering stage, compressed air is supplied to that part of the filter cake that is located in the membrane area and displaces free water from it through an outlet located on the opposite side of the cake body.

To ensure cake stability, the membrane is usually kept full. This helps reduce compressed air consumption and minimizes cake residual moisture. The purge time depends on the type of dehydrated material and is usually 1 to 4 minutes.

The claimed automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway transport is reliable in operation, efficient and economical installation in terms of energy consumption, it provides high quality cleaning of the outer surface of cars and at the same time meets high environmental safety requirements.

When using the claimed invention improves the quality of washing the outer surface of the rolling stock of railway transport with high productivity and simplification of technology by reducing the number of brush sections and while saving water and energy resources. The optimal speed of the train passing through the sink is 0.7-2.4 km / h.

The proposed equipment is characterized by a high level of safety of maintenance and operation, reduces maintenance time and operating costs.

Claims (22)

1. An automated installation for washing rolling stock of railway transport, its front and end surfaces, containing a rail for moving rolling stock inside the installation, a modular washing equipment located along the rail, equipped with brush mechanisms and water supply, preparation and supply of fresh detergent solution, as well as means for drying the rolling stock, a water purification and recycling unit, connected by pipelines through pumps with washing equipment, as well as controls, characterized in that the module (1) for pre-rinsing is placed at the inlet of the installation, the first module (2) for applying the washing solution, the brush washing module (3) containing sections of brushes for washing the roof, for washing, are successively installed the sides and for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, then the second module (4) for applying the washing solution and the mobile washing module (5), configured to wash the roof, sides, front and rear of the rolling stock, as well as the ends of the cars from the side of the car space, after which the rinsing module (6) is installed, which contains sections of the roof washing brushes for washing the sides and treating the lower edges of the rolling stock, then the washing reagent application module (7) and module (8) are installed ) drying. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-rinse module (1) is configured to direct the effluents to the pool (9) with the used solution connected to the water treatment and recycling unit (10) containing the collection tank (11), equipped with at least ozone generators and submersible pumps with hydrocyclones, configured to return purified recycled water to the pre-rinse module (1) through a collection tank (11) configured to add clean water to it. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the pre-rinse module (1) is made in the form of an arch, on which a pipeline is fixed, equipped with nozzles for supplying water under pressure up to 20 atm from the inside. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the module (2, 4) for applying the detergent is made in the form of an arch, on which a pipeline is fixed, equipped with nozzles for supplying the washing solution under pressure up to 4 atm from the inside. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the pipeline and nozzles of the modules (2, 4) for applying the detergent are made of stainless steel. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the brush washing module (3) is configured to direct drains to the pool (9) with the used solution connected to the water treatment and recycling unit (10) containing the collection tank (11), equipped with at least ozone generators and submersible pumps with hydrocyclones, configured to return recirculated water to the brush washing module (3) through a collection tank (11). 7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the brush washing module (3) is made in the form of a frame frame, on which rotary brush gates are installed with bearings in the form of a section of brushes for washing the roof, at least two vertical sections for washing the side sides and sections for processing the lower edges of the rolling stock, with brushes associated with the drive. 8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the sections of the brush washing module (3) are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile washing module (5) is made with the possibility of reverse movement along rail guides along the rolling stock inside the installation. 10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the brush for horizontal washing of the roof of the mobile washing module (5) is made of two sections and detachable. 11. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile washing module (5) is made in the form of a frame structure, on which splash shields are made of galvanized steel, fixed with stainless steel rivets. 12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the rinsing module (6) is equipped with pipelines with nozzles installed with the possibility of supplying clean, not circulating water to the brushes, and the brush sections are equipped with pneumatic cylinders for regulating the contact pressure between the brushes and the rolling stock. 13. Installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the brushes of the rinsing module (6) for washing the sides of the rolling stock are made of a material that provides the effect of polishing the sides of the rolling stock. 14. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the module (7) for applying washing reagents is made with the possibility of applying a protective coating, in particular a wax-based coating, to the external surface of the rolling stock. 15. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying module (8) is made in the form of a frame structure with fans fixed to the racks installed in the housing structure with slotted air distributors (blower). 16. Installation according to claim 15, characterized in that the module (8) as fans is equipped with high-pressure gearless radial fans. 17. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pool (9) with the used solution for collecting water drains and the washing solution is placed in the technological pit between the rails, and connected to the block (10) for cleaning and recirculating water, and connected to the module ( 14) sewage treatment, connected in turn with a drainage system. 18. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the module (12, 13) for the preparation and supply of fresh washing solution is equipped with means for automatically mixing the solution. 19. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules of the washing equipment have a supporting frame structure made of welded profile pipes with an epoxy anti-corrosion coating. 20. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the brush mechanisms of the washing modules are configured to automatically lubricate the bearing assemblies. 21. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means are configured to select a washing program on the control panel located in front of the entrance to the installation. 22. The installation according to item 21, wherein the control means is configured to receive signals from a system of photocells placed along the rail track about the passage of the rolling stock through the installation for adjusting the safe position of the brushes.

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