RU2611165C1 - Method of evaluation of efficiency of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils by application of local peat and potassium humate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises the sequential application of local peat and aqueous solution of potassium humate obtained from it in quantities that depend on the granulometric composition of the soil, and also planting and growing a mixture of grasses and cereals. At the first stage the enzyme dehydrogenase activity of undisturbed soil (control) is determined - sample №1 and that of local deposits of peat - the samples №2, №3 and №4 to select the peat samples with the maximum dehydrogenase activity. At the second stage, using the methods of experimental design, for example the method of saturated factorial design, a number of doses of peat and aqueous solution of 0.125% potassium humate, obtained from peat selected from the samples №2, №3 and №4, is selected and then at the third stage the samples of disturbed tundra soil are prepared with the application of peat - the batch of samples №5, as well as the disturbed tundra soil with subsequent application of peat and an aqueous solution of potassium humate - the batch of samples №6. The prepared batches of samples are inoculated with a mixture of grass and grain seeds and incubated for growing plants in both batches for 30 days in daylight under the controlled hydrothermal conditions (humidity 70% of full moisture capacity and the average monthly temperature natural for the study region). Then at the fourth stage the aboveground biomass of a mixture of grasses and cereals is determined in each sample of both batches №5 and №6. And the efficiency of the upcoming reclamation of the disturbed tundra soils is determined by exceeding of the above-ground biomass of the mixture of grasses and cereals of the sample batch №6 with respect to the above-ground biomass of the mixture of grasses and cereals of the sample batch №5. The optimum ratio of soil, peat and potassium humate for reclamation of specific tundra site is determined according to the results of mathematical processing corresponding to the selected method of experimental design, the test data obtained on the fourth stage - the sample batches №5 and №6.

EFFECT: method enables to restore rapidly soil fertility and to normalize the physiological processes in plants.

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Description

The invention relates to environmental protection and can be used in the reclamation of disturbed tundra soils of light particle size distribution (from loose sand to light loam) with the absence of the upper fertile layer, due to the passage of equipment associated with geological exploration, drilling and arrangement of fields.

Known means of soil remediation, including the use of the so-called prolonged action soil modifier in the form of a multicomponent composition consisting of peat, potassium humate and compost, including litter of cattle, litter of bird droppings and peat (RF Patent No. 2345976. Soil modifier of its prolonged action receiving Sukhanov V.M., Moschenskaya N.V., Dolzhich A.R., Retuev A.V.).

The disadvantages of this method is the use for soil remediation of a multi-component composition without a comparative assessment of the biological (enzymatic) activity of its individual components, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the remediation of disturbed soils by growing plants. In addition, the compost included in the composition of this soil modifier must first be obtained by incubation at 2 temperature modes (25-30 ° C and 65-80 ° C) with periodic aeration. The dosage of applying the modifier to the soil is also not indicated. The use of this soil modifier for the reclamation of disturbed tundra soils in the Far North is impractical, since soil reclamation is economically profitable using local peat and potassium humate obtained from it.

Closest to the claimed method is a method for assessing the effectiveness of the remediation of disturbed soils by visualization in the field, including the creation of a fertile layer on the soil by covering it with compost consisting of peat, cattle manure and mineral, organic and organic-mineral fertilizers, and monitoring the growth of grass cover (A. Sementsov. The use of PIKSA supercompost for the rehabilitation of urban soils. - M .: VNIIA, 2006. - 32 p.).

A significant disadvantage of this method is the use of compost of multicomponent composition and long-term observation (for 12-24 months) of creating a fertile layer on disturbed soils by visualization.

The aim of the invention is to solve the technical problem of assessing the effectiveness of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils of light particle size, as the prevailing soil varieties in areas of concentration of oil and gas industry objects in the Far North, by sequentially adding local peat and an aqueous solution of potassium humate obtained from it in amounts depending on granulometric composition of soils, as well as sowing and growing a mixture of grass-cereal plants.

The use of local peat and an aqueous solution of potassium humate obtained from it in the harsh climatic conditions of the Far North, firstly, allows thermal reclamation of disturbed soil by means of a stable increase in soil temperature due to the carbon dioxide released during the decomposition of peat and thereby contribute to its accelerated restoration fertility, secondly, potassium, which is part of the potassium humate preparation, allows you to normalize the physiological processes in plants grown on disturbed tundra x soils that are associated with the formation of carbohydrates and vitamins, enzymes and activation al., and thereby enhance frost plants. As for grass-cereal plants used to assess the effectiveness of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils, it is known that the initial period of restoration of soil fertility in natural conditions is characterized by the population of this particular plant community.

This technical problem is solved due to the fact that the first stage determines the activity of undisturbed soil dehydrogenase (control) - sample No. 1 and local peat deposits - samples No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 for the selection of peat samples with maximum dehydrogenase activity. For reclamation, peat from peat mining is used, crushed and dried by periodically loosening to a state of friability, as well as potassium humate obtained from this peat in the form of its aqueous solution.

In this case, at the first stage, the determination of the dehydrogenase enzyme activity of the selected samples using reagents — calcium carbonate, aqueous solutions of glucose and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, a saturated alkaline solution of pyrogallol and ethyl alcohol — is used as an analysis method. The above samples of various options (soil and peat) for analysis of dehydrogenase activity are taken in 6-fold repetition and analyzed using a modified Erlenmeyer flask (1) with a crank bone (2) shown in FIG. one.

In order to analyze the dehydrogenase activity, 1 g of the sample from each of the above options is placed separately in modified Erlenmeyer flasks (1), into which then 0.1 g of finely ground calcium carbonate, 1 ml of 1% aqueous glucose solutions and 2, are added sequentially. 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (colorless substance, a), and all this is mixed. Next, a saturated alkaline solution of pyrogallol (b) is injected into the bent shoot (2) using a syringe. The flasks are sealed and placed on incubation in a thermostat at 30 ° C for one day.

After completion of the incubation of the samples, the 2,3,5-triphenylformazan (red substance) formed in them is extracted with ethyl alcohol (5 times, 4 ml each). The extracts of each sample are combined to a volume of 25 ml and the absorbance is measured on a spectrophotometer (at a wavelength of λ = 490 nm). Then, according to a pre-prepared calibration schedule for concentrations of 2,3,5-triphenylformazan (1-30 μg / l), the amount of 2,3,5-triphenylformazane formed is expressed in units of μg or mg of 2,3,5-triphenylformazane / (g Day), which differs in various ways.

The results of this experiment reveal the activity of peat in relation to undisturbed soil. It corresponds to an increase in the dehydrogenase activity of samples No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 relative to the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 1. Thus, the dehydrogenase activity of samples from local peat deposits No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 was 82, 167 and 104 μg of 2,3,5-triphenylformazane / (g⋅sut), respectively, i.e. their activity was greater than the activity of sample No. 1–20 μg of 2,3,5-triphenylformazane / (g⋅sut), respectively, 4, 8, and 5 times, see Fig. 2.

At the second stage, doses of peat and a 0.125% aqueous solution of potassium humate obtained from peat selected at the previous stage for reclamation of a particular disturbed soil according to the table are selected.

At the third stage, in a special plastic vessels with a capacity of 0.25 l prepare a series of samples in 6-fold repetition. For each sample, a 100 g sample of disturbed tundra soil is taken. Peat is added to part of the samples - a series of samples No. 5. In another part of the samples, peat and a 0.125% aqueous solution of potassium humate are successively added — series of samples No. 6. In this case, the amount of peat and potassium humate used is assigned using experimental design methods (for example, the saturated factorial design method). After preparation of the series, sowing and growing in each sample a mixture of seeds of grass-cereal plants is carried out and incubated for 30 days under daylight under controlled hydrothermal conditions (humidity 70% of the total moisture capacity and average monthly temperature characteristic of the study region). Among the mixture of plant seeds can be the common comb (Cynosurus cristatus), meadow bluegrass (Roa pratensis), red fescue (Festuca rubra), white polewort (Agrostis alba), pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne), etc. to obtain a dense grass stand and dense turf; when cutting grass, grass is sown. The dose of seeds is taken at a rate of 30 g / m ² .

In the fourth stage, after mowing, the aboveground biomass of the mixture of grass-cereal plants in various experimental variants is determined. The effectiveness of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils is judged by the excess of aboveground biomass of a mixture of grass-cereal plants of a series of samples No. 6 relative to the aboveground biomass of a mixture of grass-cereal plants of a series of samples No. 5.

So, the aboveground biomass of a mixture of grass-cereal plants in the soil, which is sand cohesive by granulometric composition with the addition of peat (at the rate of 1.8 kg / m ² ) and 0.125% aqueous solution of potassium humate (at the rate of 2.0 l / m ²⁾ - №6 sample was 21% more than the soil with the addition of peat only the rate of 1.8 kg / m ² - trial №5, FIG. 3.

The optimal ratio of soil, peat and potassium humate for the reclamation of a specific section of the tundra is determined by the results of mathematical processing corresponding to the chosen method of planning the experiment, the test data obtained in the fourth stage - a series of samples No. 5 and No. 6.

The claimed technical solution allows to reduce time, improve the accuracy and quality of assessing the effectiveness of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils, conduct laboratory assessments in winter to maximize the use of short polar summer time for reclamation measures, rationally use local peat and potassium humate obtained from it in the form aqueous solution.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the effectiveness of reclamation (restoration of fertility) of disturbed tundra soils, including the sequential application of local peat and an aqueous solution of potassium humate obtained from it in quantities depending on the granulometric composition of soils, as well as sowing and growing a mixture of grass-cereal plants, characterized in that the first stage determines the activity of the undisturbed soil dehydrogenase enzyme (control) - sample No. 1 and local peat deposits - samples No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 to select a peat sample with the maximum act In the second stage, using the methods of experiment planning, for example, the saturated factorial plan method, a series of doses of peat and an aqueous solution of 0.125% potassium humate obtained from peat selected from samples No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4, and then, at the third stage, samples of the disturbed tundra soil with the addition of peat are prepared — series of samples No. 5, as well as of the disturbed tundra soil with the subsequent introduction of peat and an aqueous solution of potassium humate — series of samples No. 6, the prepared series of samples are inoculated with a mixture of seeds of grass-cereal plants and incubated for growing plants in both series for 30 days under daylight under controlled hydrothermal conditions (humidity 70% of the full moisture capacity and average monthly temperature characteristic of the study region), after that, the fourth stage determines the aboveground biomass of the mixture of grass-cereal plants in each sample of both series No. 5 and No. 6, while the effectiveness of the upcoming restoration of disturbed tundra soils is judged by the excess of aboveground biomass of a mixture of grass-cereal plants of a series of samples No. 6 of aboveground biomass of a mixture of grass-cereal plants of a series of samples No. 5, and the optimal ratio of soil, peat and potassium humate for the restoration of a specific section of the tundra is prescribed by the results of mathematical processing corresponding to the chosen experimental design method, the test data obtained in the fourth stage - series of samples No. 5 and No. 6.

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