RU2491137C1 - Method of control of efficiency of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils of different particle-size distribution by analysing activity of dehydrogenase - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of ecology and soil science. The method includes the application of peat in the soils and control over their fertility restoration. At the first stage the particle-size distribution of disturbed soil is determined, such as by pyrophosphate method, and the doses of peat are established depending on the particle-size distribution of soils. Then the samples of peat are taken - sample No 1, of disturbed soil - sample No 2, and disturbed soil with the addition of peat - sample No 3. The activity of the enzyme dehydrogenase of the taken samples in the dynamics is determined not less than every 10 days and for not more than 40 days. At that, the start of reclamation of disturbed soil with a dose of peat is judged according to increase in dehydrogenase activity of sample No 3 relative to the dehydrogenase activity of the sample No 2. The completion of reclamation is judged according to leveling the dehydrogenase activity of sample No 3 with the dehydrogenases activity of sample No 1.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the time of control of efficiency of reclamation of disturbed soils with different particle-size distribution, and to use rationally peat in the conditions of Far North.

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Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment and can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the restoration of disturbed tundra soils of different particle size distribution (i.e., with the absence of the upper fertile layer due to construction or repair work) carried out using peat, which is a natural formation and containing non-humified plant residues, humus, mineral inclusions and microorganisms, leading to the restoration of their fertility with the participation of m of the enzyme dehydrogenase in the corresponding biochemical processes.

A known method of monitoring the effectiveness of the restoration of disturbed tundra soils by visualization in the field, including the introduction of peat in the soil and monitoring the restoration of their fertility (O.P. Andreev, G.P. Stavkin, I.L. Levinzon, I. B. Perepelkin, SA Lobastova, Protection and restoration of lands and landscapes of the Far North during gas production // Ecology and Industry of Russia. - 2003. - June. - P.4-9).

The disadvantages of this method are the use of peat without taking into account the particle size distribution of disturbed tundra soils of the Far North, as well as long-term monitoring (for 15-20 years) of the effectiveness of the restoration of these soils by visualization method. As a result, the noted shortcomings do not allow the rational use of local peat as the only remedial means of restoring disturbed tundra soils, as well as for express and large-scale monitoring of their reclamation.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of controlling the creation of a fertile layer on the soil by visualization in the field, including coating it with a mixture of sand, peat and other components and monitoring the growth of grass cover (Sementsov A.Yu. Application of PIKSA supercompost for the rehabilitation of urban soils. - M .: VNIIIA, 2006 .-- 32 p.).

Significant disadvantages of this method are the use of peat without taking into account the granulometric composition of soils, as well as many months of observation (within 12-24 months) of creating a fertile layer on soils by visualization in the field. As a result, the noted shortcomings do not allow rational use of local peat as the only remedial remedy for the restoration of disturbed soils, as well as for rapid and widespread monitoring of the effectiveness of their restoration.

The aim of the invention is to solve the technical problem of determining the rational dose of local peat necessary to restore the fertility of disturbed lands depending on the granulometric composition of disturbed tundra soils, as well as express and large-scale monitoring of the effectiveness of reclamation using peat of these soils in dynamics by analyzing the dehydrogenase enzyme activity.

This technical problem is solved due to the fact that at the first stage the granulometric composition of disturbed soils is determined, for example, pyrophosphate (see Workshop on Soil Science, Moscow: Kolos, 1980, p. 73-87) or by any other method. The rational dose of peat in the form of the ratio of peat: soil is selected from the table depending on the granulometric composition of soils. At the second stage, peat samples are taken (sample No. 1), disturbed soil (sample No. 2) and disturbed soil with the addition of a rational dose of peat (sample No. 3).

Table Rational doses of peat in the form of the ratio of peat: soil, depending on their particle size distribution Classification of soils by grapulometric composition The content of physical clay (particles <0.01 mm),% Peat: soil ratio Loose sand 0-5 1: 4 Sand cohesive 5-10 1: 4 Sandy loam 10-20 1: 4 ÷ 1: 5 Light loam 20-30 1: 5 ÷ 1: 6 Loam medium 30-40 1: 6 ÷ 1: 7 Heavy loam 40-50 1: 7 ÷ 1: 8 Light clay 50-65 1: 8 ÷ 1: 11 Clay medium 65-80 1: 11 ÷ 1: 20 Heavy clay > 80 1:20

As an analysis method, the determination of the dehydrogenase enzyme activity of selected samples using reagents — calcium carbonate, aqueous solutions of glucose and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, a saturated alkaline solution of pyrogallol and ethyl alcohol — is used.

At the same time, the beginning of the restoration of disturbed soil using peat is judged by the increase in the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 3 relative to sample No. 2. The end of reclamation is judged by aligning the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 3 with the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 1.

The method is as follows. Several variants of samples are taken, namely: from peat (sample No. 1), disturbed soil (sample No. 2) and disturbed soil with the addition of a rational dose of peat (sample No. 3). Samples for analysis of dehydrogenase activity are taken in 6-fold repetition, in which its activity is determined in dynamics at least every 10 days and for no more than 40 days.

The dehydrogenase activity of the samples is analyzed using a modified Erlenmeyer flask (1) with a cranked process (2), shown in figure 1.

In order to analyze the dehydrogenase activity, 1 g of the sample separately from each of the above options is placed in modified Erlenmeyer flasks (1), to which 0.1 g of finely ground calcium carbonate, 1 ml of 1% aqueous glucose solutions and 2, are then added successively. 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (a), and all this is mixed. Next, a saturated alkaline solution of pyrogallol (b) is injected into the bent shoot (2) using a syringe. The flasks are sealed and placed on incubation in a thermostat at 30 ° C for one day.

After completion of the incubation of the samples, the 2,3,5-triphenylformazan (red substance) formed in them is extracted with ethyl alcohol (5 times, 4 ml each). The extracts of each sample are combined to a volume of 25 ml and the absorbance is measured on a spectrophotometer (at a wavelength of X = 490 im). Then, the amount of 2,3,5-triphenylformazane, expressed as a percentage of the control variant, is calculated according to the calibration schedule (in units of mcg or mg of 2,3,5-tripheformofazan / (g · day)) peat and differing in various options, which as a result allows us to judge the beginning and end of the restoration of disturbed soil using peat.

According to the results of these experiments, conducted in dynamics at least 10 days and within no more than 40 days, the beginning of the restoration of disturbed tundra soils using peat is revealed. It corresponds to an increase in the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 3 relative to the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 2. The end of reclamation is determined by the moment of leveling of dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 3 with peat dehydrogenase activity (sample No. 1).

So, when peat was added to disturbed soils (cohesive sand granulometric composition) in a ratio of 1: 4, dehydrogenase activity increased by 20 and 46% on average for 20 days (2 and 4) compared with options without peat (1 and 3), see figure 2.

The claimed technical solution allows you to determine the value of the rational dose of local peat necessary for the reclamation of disturbed lands in the tundra, and to make an express assessment of the reclamation rate. As a result, the costs of reclamation of disturbed lands are optimized and the rejection in reclamation works is reduced due to the poor quality of control by the method of visual observations that goes beyond the time period when a guarantee is provided for the reclamation work performed by the contractor.

Claims (1)

A method for monitoring the effectiveness of reclamation of disturbed tundra soils, taking into account the granulometric composition, including adding peat to the soil and monitoring the restoration of their fertility, characterized in that the granulometric composition of the disturbed soil is determined, for example, by the pyrophosphate method and peat doses are prescribed depending on the granulometric composition of the soil, then peat samples are taken - sample No. 1, disturbed soil - sample No. 2 and disturbed soil with the addition of peat - sample No. 3, the activity of the dehydrogenase enzyme is determined samples in dynamics at least every 10 days and for no more than 40 days, while the beginning of the remediation of disturbed soil with a dose of peat is judged by the increase in the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 3 relative to the dehydrogenase activity of sample No. 2, and the end of the restoration is judged to align the activity of dehydrogenase sample No. 3 with the activity of dehydrogenase sample No. 1.

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