RU2611081C2 - Light-transparent construction element and compact spatial grid (versions) for it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to light transparent construction element. Light-transparent construction element containing: at least, four light-transparent limiting surfaces, providing penetration of light from any of them to all the rest at complete preservation of possibility of applying any inscriptions, ornaments, symbols or logos; compact spatial array at whatever version; and/or set of specified arrays; and/or liquid opaque material; and/or liquid or solid insulating material; and/or solid opaque material; and/or combinations thereof; wherein said materials or their combinations surround said grid or set of their variety. Wherein contact surfaces of specified grid or set of their variety are in direct contact with at least four transparent limiting surfaces of light-transparent construction element providing penetration of light from any limiting surface to all the rest of light-transparent limiting surfaces at complete preservation of possibility of applying any inscriptions, ornaments, symbols or logos. Versions of compact spatial grid are also described.

EFFECT: technical result consists in transparency of structural element and transfer of light in any direction, as well as in fast and economical method of producing said structural element with transparent properties.

11 cl, 13 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a light transmitting building element and to a method for its manufacture.

State of the art

Patent Document WO 2011/154498 A1 describes a composite panel based on a cement slurry with translucent properties. Through the entire thickness of the panel pass holes filled with translucent material. Transparent material is embedded in the formwork in the form of formed elements or poured into pre-created holes. The openings in the panel are aligned along parallel rows in a differentiated way for each pair of adjacent rows, and in this way holes appear arranged in alternating rows, the height of which is the same as the thickness of the panel.

The frame is designed so that the perimeter of the formwork remains free from translucent elements and it is possible to configure the corresponding empty frame, i.e. frame without translucent elements. The solution is poured into the formwork so that it fills the entire element with the exception of the opposite sides, through which openings with translucent elements pass.

From this solution it follows that the resulting panel has only inlet and outlet surfaces with translucent elements, and thus, translucency occurs only through these surfaces. In addition, the translucent elements are in parallel alternating rows, therefore, limited is the possibility of anything other than the parallel arrangement of the translucent elements in alternating rows. In addition, as a result of creating a frame without translucent elements, the possibility of placing translucent elements to other surfaces of the panel is uniquely limited, and thus, the occurrence of translucency in more than two surfaces of the panel. Based on these facts, the possibility of connecting individual panels so that the translucency of the assembly complex of panels as a whole is completely excluded is completely excluded.

Patent document WO 2009/007765 A2 describes a translucent building element based on cast material and embedded translucent elements. Translucent elements are combined into sets using flat elements. Then, such kits are inserted into the formwork and filled with cast material. Flat elements serve to support the translucent elements in the desired position. However, taking into account the position of these flat elements in the formwork, the finished part is divided into two or more parts by these flat elements in its cross section. To achieve compactness between these two or more parts of the finished part, holes are made in the flat parts into which the fittings are inserted, and the fixing elements are also fixed on these flat elements, as well as the translucent elements have fixing elements on them. Such a decision is too complicated and therefore expensive.

Each of the translucent elements in its first part is in contact with the front bounding surface of the formwork, and its second part is in contact with the rear bounding surface of the formwork. Thus, an element arises that transmits light between these two bounding surfaces, and the translucency of the element takes place only in these two bounding surfaces, which is another limitation of this technology. This technological limitation and the complex manufacturing processes noted above do not allow their use in larger installations.

US 2007/0230209 A1 discloses a light-transmitting building panel comprising first and second surfaces, of which the first or both surfaces comprise light-concentrating elements. Light-transmitting elements, for example, either optical fibers, an optical film, plates of optical material, or an expanded network of optical material, pass between these two surfaces. Thanks to this solution, the light transmission is possible only through these two surfaces, and not in all directions, which is a significant limitation of this technology.

The following are two ways to produce a light-transmitting building panel.

The first method is to inject the main material into the mold cavity containing rows of pegs passing through the thickness of the mold cavity. Then leave the material to harden and remove the pegs. A liquid material with optical properties is poured into the holes thus formed, and after hardening, light-concentrating elements are installed on the panel surface.

The use of this technology is very time-consuming, mainly due to the correct placement of rows of pegs, which must be removed after hardening of the base material. Then it is also necessary to pour material with optical properties into the cavity, which substantially complicates and lengthens the entire production process.

The second method consists in creating a large number of light-transmitting elements in a number of gratings, cutting these elements in the form of a panel and attaching them to one of the inner surfaces. Then the main material is placed in the mold, and light-concentrating elements are attached to the outer wall of the panel surface by injection of polymer.

This technology is also complex, mainly in connection with the creation of a set of light-transmitting elements and their fastening in the form of a panel. As a result, the production of a larger number of finished elements is very problematic, and since the effect of translucency occurs only between the two sides, it is also inefficient.

Patent document WO 2006/070214 A2 describes a three-dimensional light-transmitting object containing a large number of opaque material and embedded tabs, of which at least one is transparent. In the form of tabs, rods, plates or elements of another shape can be used, connected to spatial frames, which are then inserted into the formwork and filled with opaque material, or placed in an opaque material that has already been poured into the formwork. Thus, an object appears containing at least one light transmitting element.

The main disadvantage of this solution is the complex and time-consuming construction of a frame made of transparent materials, especially in the embodiment when the frame is formed from square rods. According to the invention, these elements are connected either by gluing with silicone adhesives, or by sealing in ovens at high temperature, resulting in a finished frame. The production of a large number of such elements in this way is very problematic. Rod-shaped elements can transmit light only between two surfaces that are specifically connected, another possibility of transmitting light between other surfaces is expressly excluded. In the case of other options, when the frame consists of a combination of translucent plates and connecting elements, it is obvious that the main disadvantage of their production is the connection of the frame with an opaque material. Transparent plates are mounted on an opaque material using connecting elements. If several transparent plates are embedded in an opaque material on top of each other, a uniform sandwich structure appears between the transparent plates and the opaque material.

Due to the combination of the inappropriate way of connecting these transparent elements in a finished frame, which is very complex, a completely ineffective solution and a number of problems associated with it are obtained, especially when producing more such light-transmitting objects. When loading such a “sandwich” structure, shear stress occurs, and then slippage between the transparent plates and the opaque material. This negatively affects the properties of this design. Its next drawback is the large consumption of transparent material due to its inefficient shape, since transparent plates pass through the entire object. All described embodiments of this invention can only be used for the manufacture of small building elements. In the manufacture of large parts, for example, for facades, walls or their cladding, the present invention is not applicable due to the material consumption, laboriousness and high cost.

Patent Document WO 03/097954 A1 describes a building block containing light-transmitting fibers. These fibers are uniformly embedded in the cast material in an elongated shape so that the layer of cast material alternates with the layer of fibers. After hardening of the cast material, the resulting element is cut into individual blocks with such a property as translucency.

The main disadvantage of this solution is that the element transmits light only in two surfaces, that is, between two opposite surfaces through which light-transmitting fibers pass. The next disadvantage of this solution is the high complexity of the process of inserting fibers into the formwork so as to preserve their parallelism and thereby obtain their uniform distribution between the two surfaces of the form into which the fibers are embedded. In addition, then you need to cut the finished element into separate blocks.

Given the need to use a large number of light-transmitting fibers and the complexity of production, this method of production is seen as expensive and not sufficiently effective.

US Pat. No. 3,091,899 A describes a light-transmitting building block based on cast material and glass stripes. Glass strips are embedded in a mold whose bottom is covered with a layer of putty or similar material into which the glass strips are pressed. Then cast material is poured into the mold. After removing the formwork, the surface of the block is ground and polished.

The disadvantage of this solution is the use of ineffective technology of pressing strips of glass into the putty, as well as the use of transparent material based on glass, which is, of course, associated with the time of the invention. In addition, this production method is only suitable for horizontal use, as the construction of vertical formwork in this way is almost impossible, and the resulting building element is light transmitting only between two surfaces.

A common drawback of all of the above solutions, with the exception of a light transmitting object according to WO 2006/070214 A2, is the fact that light transmission is possible only between two surfaces through which light transmitting elements pass. As for the solution according to WO 2006/070214 A2, although the element transmits light through more than two surfaces, it is, unfortunately, a method that is very inefficient due to the structural arrangement of the light-transmitting elements.

The next common disadvantage of all the above solutions is their complexity and the associated high cost of the entire solution.

Disclosure of invention

The invention describes a building element with light-transmitting properties, its multiple ordering and methods for its production, as a result of which transparent elements are distributed throughout the element in any direction. The remainder of the volume of the element in the section is completely or partially filled with an opaque material, insulating material, or a combination thereof. Thus, we get the mentioned element, transparent in any direction, and in addition, transparent elements are able to transfer light not only in the opposite direction, as is known in the current state of the art, but also in other directions, therefore, the light entering the said element from one hand, is not transferred only in the opposite direction, but in all other directions, which significantly increases the efficiency and operational value of this element. In addition, thanks to the specially developed formation and arrangement of the above-mentioned transparent elements in this element, we obtain a quick and economical way of producing these building elements with transparent properties in comparison with the existing state of the art.

Mentioned transparent elements may be any color from materials based on plastic or glass.

The following methods are proposed for placing opaque and insulating materials or a combination of them in the formwork:

a) an opaque liquid material is placed into the formwork by casting, vibration casting, vibration pressing or injection, where the said material solidifies;

b) an opaque or transparent liquid insulating material is placed into the formwork by casting or injection, where the material solidifies. If this insulating material is in a solid state, then there is the possibility of its direct insertion into the mold;

c) an opaque liquid material is placed into the formwork by casting, vibration casting, vibration pressing or injection; a transparent or opaque liquid insulating material is placed into the formwork by casting or injection into the formwork, where the said materials solidify. If the insulating material is in the solid state, then there is the possibility of its direct insertion into the mold;

d) an opaque solid material, such as wood, metal or all kinds of plastics, etc., is located in a bulk box, into which transparent particles are then placed;

e) an opaque solid material, such as wood, metal or all types of plastics, etc., is located in a bulk box, into which transparent particles are then placed, by injection or injection method, where it then hardens. If the insulating material is in the solid state, then there is the possibility of its direct insertion into the mold.

From these transparent building elements, any prefabricated kits can be created by connecting the individual mentioned elements to their bounding surfaces, and due to this connection, the entire kit becomes transparent.

A light transmitting building element results from the following compounds:

a) transparent particles and an opaque liquid material;

b) transparent particles and an opaque liquid material and a liquid or solid insulating material;

c) transparent particles and liquid or solid insulating material;

d) transparent particles and an opaque solid material;

e) transparent particles and an opaque solid material and a liquid or solid insulating material.

Therefore, the final strength of the considered building element with transparent properties depends on the strength properties of the above-mentioned components included in it, as well as on the connection between them. Additional hardening of the entire element is achieved by inserting reinforcement into the formwork or into bulk boxes, while the reinforced reinforcement should not impede the passage of light.

The invention describes a building element based on various geometric shapes. This element consists of at least four bounding surfaces, between which there are many transparent elements of any color and opaque material. Transparent elements form a compact spatial lattice among the surrounding opaque material. This spatial lattice is located at least between the four mentioned bounding surfaces of the building element, and its contact surfaces are in direct contact with the bounding surfaces of the building element. The mentioned transparent elements of any color, forming a spatial lattice, are specially formed in their sizes so that a ray of light passing through one surface is transferred not only to the opposite surface, but also to all the following surfaces.

The spatial lattice consists of at least two transparent elements, mutually supported or supported by additional supporting elements. The contact surfaces of the spatial lattice are in direct contact with the bounding surfaces of the building element. The building element has various geometric shapes in plan.

Additional supporting elements of the spatial lattice are created from any solid material, while the metal material can simultaneously play the role of reinforcement. Additional reinforcement to further enhance the strength of the entire building element consists of any supporting material.

The opaque liquid material is placed into the formwork by casting, vibration casting, vibration pressing or injection, where the said material solidifies. An opaque solid material, such as wood, metal, or all kinds of plastics, etc., is embedded in a volume box enclosing a spatial grid of transparent elements.

A building element consists of one or more opaque materials. In the event that insulating material is in the building element, it is placed either along the entire section of the element, in the middle of the section or on one side of the section of the element. Said spatial lattice consists of at least two transparent elements mutually supported by supporting elements. The contact surfaces of the spatial lattice are in direct contact with the bounding surfaces of the building element. The mentioned transparent elements of any color, forming a spatial lattice, are formed in their sizes so that a ray of light penetrating through one surface is transferred not only to the opposite surface, but also to all other surfaces.

A spatial lattice consisting of at least two transparent elements held together by means of holding elements, or a spatial lattice is one compact part of any shape in any color design. The contact surfaces of the spatial lattice are in direct contact with the bounding surfaces of the building element. The building element can be of various geometric shapes. Additional holding elements of the spatial lattice can be from any solid material, while the metal material can simultaneously play the role of reinforcement. Additional reinforcement to further enhance the strength of the entire building element consists of any supporting material.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1a shows a building element with transparent properties according to the invention, having a square shape in plan, with contact surfaces of the spatial lattice mutually perpendicular and intersecting, a perspective view,

in FIG. lb is an axonometric view of a building element with transparent properties according to the invention, in terms of a triangular shape with contact surfaces of the spatial lattice, mutually perpendicular and not intersecting,

in FIG. 1c is an axonometric view of a building element with transparent properties according to the invention, in terms of a polygonal shape and with contact surfaces of a circular lattice,

in FIG. 2a is a section along the line A-A 'of a building element with transparent properties according to the invention,

in FIG. 2b is a section along the line BB 'of a building element with transparent properties according to the invention,

in FIG. 2c is a section along the line C — C ′ of a building element with transparent properties according to the invention,

in FIG. 3 is a partially cut away axonometric view of a building element with transparent properties according to the invention,

in FIG. 4 is a schematic axonometric illustration of a set of transparent elements and supporting elements, resulting in a spatial lattice, which is then embedded reinforcement,

in FIG. 5a is a side view of the transparent element of which the spatial lattice consists,

in FIG. 5b is a perspective view of a detail of a system for connecting transparent elements using sliding notches in plates of a transparent part in a spatial lattice,

in FIG. 5c is a side view of a transparent element in a higher embodiment with multiple ordering of the lattice of transparent elements,

in FIG. 6 is a schematic axonometric illustration of the production phase before filling the formwork with an opaque material, an insulating material, or a combination thereof,

in FIG. 7 is a schematic axonometric illustration of a kit in accordance with a fifth modification without insulating material, opaque material or reinforcement inserted.

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. la, lb, 1c shows axonometric images of advantageous embodiments of the composite structural element with transparent properties according to the invention. The illustrated composite structural element 1 with transparent properties is created from an opaque material 7 and a spatial lattice 10, which consists of at least two transparent elements 6, which guarantee the transparency of the composite structural element 1. The opaque material 7 and the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 are located on the level corresponding to at least four bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5 and at the same time the placement of the spatial lattice 10 is also limited by these at least four the two bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5 so that the spatial lattice 10 is surrounded by an opaque material 7. In an advantageous design, not shown in the drawings, the contact surfaces 14 can also rise above the level or be deepened below the level of at least four bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5. The spatial lattice 10 consists of individual transparent elements 6 or of the fixing elements 11, and so that it consists of at least two transparent elements 6 and two fixing elements 11, or the fixing elements 1 1 may be absent. The spatial lattice 10 arises as a result of connecting the transparent elements 6, the contact surfaces 14 of which form the plates of the transparent element 22. If the contact surfaces 14 are formed by the plates of the transparent element 22, the spatial lattice arises as a result of the connection of the transparent elements 6 by means of movable notches 18. B In the event that the contact surfaces 14 of the transparent elements 6 are formed by jumpers 19, it is necessary to use the locking elements 11. Thanks to the jumpers 19 between the plates Ami 22 of the spatial lattice 10, hollow spaces are formed, which are intended to be filled with an opaque material 7, insulating material 8, or a combination thereof so that the strength of the entire structural element 1 is guaranteed. In the embodiment, not shown, plates 22 form contact surfaces 14. In another, not shown the execution of the invention, the spatial lattice 10 consists of transparent elements 6 without movable notches 18, the spatial lattice 10 arose only as a result of using iksiruyuschih elements 11. In this case, the locking elements 11 have a smooth or any curved shape. This shape defines the final shape of a common feature. The locking elements 11 contain advantageous remote protrusions 23, ensuring the position of the locking element 11 at an appropriate distance from the lower bounding surface 3.

In FIG. 2a, 2b and 2c show sections along the cut lines of structural elements with transparent properties of an advantageous embodiment according to the invention. In FIG. 2a shows a cut line drawn at the jumper 19 of the transparent element, in FIG. 2b, a cut line is drawn in place of the plate of the transparent element 22, and in FIG. 2c, a cut line is drawn in place of the transparent element 6 extending across the composite structural element 1 with transparent properties. Each transparent element 6 of which the grating 10 is composed contains a continuous transparent line 20, i.e. the movable cuts 18 do not have any effect on the light transmission of the transparent element 6 so that the penetrating ray of light is transferred from at least one of the four boundary surfaces 2, 3, 4 or 5 to all other boundary surfaces. As already noted, the transparent elements 6 are assembled into spatial lattices 10. The spatial dimensions of the spatial lattice 10 are equal to the spatial dimensions of the bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5, or they are precisely reduced in scale. The spatial grid 10 is embedded in the formwork 12 so that its individual contact surfaces 14 are in direct contact with at least four bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5. For continuous sets of 21 spatial grids 10, the adjacent contact surfaces 14 of the individual spatial grids are mutually in direct contact, and the outer contact surfaces 14 are in direct contact with at least four bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the structural element 1.

In FIG. 3 shows this advantageous embodiment on a partially cut out axonometric view of a composite structural element with transparent properties according to the invention. As described above, the spatial lattice 10 and the set of spatial lattices 21 consist of transparent elements 6 or of the fixing elements 11, or as the spatial lattice 10, the set of spatial lattices 21 is formed as a single unit of material based on glass or plastic in any color design. If the fixing element 11 is made of metal or other supporting material, it simultaneously performs the role of reinforcement 9. Contact surfaces 14 in the design shown in FIG. 3, have the shape of perpendicular rectangles, form a cross and are at the same distance from each other. But the shape of the contact surfaces 14 can be very diverse: circular, square or other shape with a border of irregular shape. Their placement and ordering is also not limited. The contact surfaces 14 in this case reach the most varied designs and various patterns, symbols and inscriptions are created. Depending on the required size of the transparent surfaces, given by at least four bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5, the arrangement and arrangement of the spatial lattice 10 or set of spatial lattices 21 is chosen so that the contact surfaces 14 in the composite structural element 1 with transparent properties placed and ordered either uniformly, or as shown, for example, in FIG. 3, or are placed and ordered unevenly, for example, in one part or in some parts of the composite structural element 1 with transparent properties. The reinforcement 9 is made of a supporting material and placed over narrowed sections in the form of separate parts or in the form of a lattice. The number and distribution of reinforcement 9, the size and cross-sectional shape of reinforcement 9 in a composite structural element 1 with transparent properties is selected depending on the mechanical strength requirements of this element 1. As mentioned above, the spatial lattice 10 or a set of spatial lattices 21 are surrounded by an opaque material 7, which does not have good insulating properties, and in connection with this, it was proposed to use insulating material 8, which is placed either over the entire cross section of element 1, in the middle of the cross section Ia element 1, as shown in FIG. 3, or on one side of the cross section of the element 1. The insulating material 8 is not an obstacle to the passage of light through the spatial lattice 10 or a set of spatial lattices 21 and in no case impairs the mechanical properties of the element 1.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of an axonometric image of an advantageous embodiment of a set of transparent elements 6 and fixing elements 11 in a spatial lattice 10 and an insert of reinforcement 9, where this spatial lattice 10 is necessary to create a composite structural element 1 with transparent properties. As already noted above, the spatial lattice 10 consists of at least two transparent elements 6 and, if necessary, two fixing elements 11. In FIG. 4 it is clearly shown that the individual transparent elements 6 are stacked in the spatial lattice 10 so that they form a lattice, therefore, their orientation is parallel in two directions perpendicular to each other. In another embodiment, not shown in the drawings, it is possible to create a spatial lattice 10 consisting of transparent elements 6, the orientation of which is not mutually parallel, and also is not parallel to any of the four limiting surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5, in As a result, a spatial lattice 10 of completely irregular shape arises. In this case, there is only one requirement: the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 must be in contact with at least four bounding surfaces 2, 3, 4 and 5 and, thus, to ensure the transparency of the element 1. The fixing element 11 contains remote protrusions 23, providing supporting the holding element at an appropriate distance from the lower bounding surface 3 and simultaneously sliding cuts in the holding element 24 corresponding to the number, size and position of the jumpers 19 of the transparent element of transparent elements 6.

In FIG. 5a shows a side view of an advantageous embodiment of a transparent element 6 forming a spatial lattice 10 for manufacturing a composite structural element 1 with transparent properties. In this case, it is necessary that the transparent element 6 contains jumpers 19 of the transparent element 6, due to which there are hollow spaces between the plates of the transparent element 22 and the transparent elements 6, through which it is possible to fill with opaque material 7, insulating material 8, or a combination thereof, and thus ensure connectivity of the entire composite structural element 1 with transparent properties. Each transparent element 6 forming the grid 10 contains a continuous transparent line 20, i.e. the movable notches 18 in no way affect the light transmission of the transparent element 6 so that a light beam penetrating from at least one of the four limiting surfaces 2, 3, 4 or 5 is transferred to the other limiting surfaces. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5a, the contact surfaces 14 of the transparent element 6 form jumpers 19, the transparent element 6 can also be completed by the contact surfaces 14 in the form of plates 22.

In FIG. 5b shows a detailed axonometric view of a system for connecting transparent elements 6 using sliding notches in the transparent elements 18 located in the center of the plates 22 with a spatial grid 10 for manufacturing a composite structural element 1 with transparent properties. The spatial lattice 10 should have the same height as the transparent elements 6 used for its construction. The width of the movable notches in the transparent element 18 should correspond to the thickness of the transparent material of the element 6 so that the contact point is not filled with an opaque material 7 or insulating material 8.

In FIG. 5c shows a side view of the transparent element 6 in the case of an embodiment with a higher spatial lattice 10 with multiple ordering of the jumpers 19 of the transparent element 6 and higher plates 22 without movable notches 18. In this case, the lattice 10 arose by inserting the transparent elements 6 into the movable notches 24 fixing elements 11, while their number, size and placement correspond to the jumpers 19 of the transparent element 6.

In FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the manufacturing phase until the formwork 12 is filled with opaque material 7, insulating material 8, or a combination thereof, in particular, embedding the grating 10, which in this case consists of transparent elements 6 and fixing elements 11.

The individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 remain in direct contact with the inner surfaces 15 of the formwork 12. The contact surfaces 14 of the lattice 10 in the upper open part of the formwork 12, from where the formwork 12 is filled with opaque material 7, insulating material 8, or a combination thereof, will also not be used material. The reinforcement 9 is created from a supporting material, and in this case, in the form of an articulated lattice is inserted above the jumper 19 of the transparent element 6.

In FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a structural member 1 in its fourth and fifth embodiments without using opaque material 7, insulating material 8, and reinforcement 9. The fourth embodiment differs from the fifth only in surface 25, which occurs only in the fifth embodiment. The depicted lattice 10 consists of transparent elements 6, which consist of jumpers 19 and plates 22 with movable notches 18. The upper surface 25 consists of durable material with holes corresponding in size and shape to the contact surfaces 14 of the lattice 10. The contact surfaces 14 of the lattice 10 are these holes in one plane. In this way, a structural element 1 arises, which is completely surrounded on all sides by a solid spatial shell (lower surface 16, circumferential surface 17, upper surface 25) with the aforementioned holes.

Description of beneficial types of production process.

The invention discloses a manufacturing process for a transparent structural element in five different embodiments.

A method of manufacturing an advantageous embodiment of a structural element according to the invention in the first embodiment consists of the following steps:

a) insert the spatial lattices 10 or their kits 21 in the formwork 12, the inner surface 15 of which is covered with a layer of elastic material 13, which can be locally deformed under increased pressure and have sealing properties; the spatial dimensions of the enclosed lattice 10, similar to the spatial dimensions of the formwork 12 or in scale, are precisely reduced; the spatial grid 10 is embedded in the formwork 12 so that the individual contact surfaces 14 are in contact with the inner surfaces 15 in the formwork; in the case of sets of continuous frames 21, the adjacent contact surfaces 14 of the individual spatial grids 10 are in direct contact, the external contact surfaces 14 are in direct contact with the inner surfaces 15 of the formwork 12;

b) fasten the spatial lattices 10 or their sets 21 in the formwork 12, for example, by mechanical compression of the formwork 12, clamping by a reinforcement 9 or in another way so that this fixation is sufficient and there is no shift of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 inside the formwork 12;

c) insert reinforcement 9 into the formwork 12, which is formed so that it does not interfere with the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 in the light transfer, and thus does not violate the resulting transparency of the composite structural element 1 with transparent properties;

d) casting, vibratory casting or injection of opaque material 7 into the formwork 12 so that the opaque material 7 fills the entire volume of the formwork 12; the individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its kits 21 remain in direct contact with the outer surfaces of the formwork 12 and thus they remain uncovered by penetrating opaque material 7; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 in the upper open part of the formwork 12 also remain not covered by this penetrating material 7;

d) in the process of hardening a liquid opaque material 7 in the formwork 12, between the individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 and the inner surfaces 15 of the formwork 12 are uncovered; these uncovered surfaces are also formed at the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 in the upper open part of the formwork 12, from where the opaque material 7 enters the formwork 12, also remain uncovered by this penetrating material 7;

e) removing the finished element 1 from the formwork 12;

g) at the next stage, the outer surface of the structural element 1 is processed mechanically or chemically or not processed at all.

A method of manufacturing an advantageous embodiment of a structural element 1 according to the invention in a second embodiment consists of the following steps:

h) insert the spatial gratings 10 or their sets 21 into the formwork 12, the inner surface of which 15 is covered with a layer of elastic material 13, which can be locally deformed under increased pressure and is a sealant; the spatial dimensions of the enclosed lattice 10 coincide with the spatial dimensions of the formwork 12 or precisely reduced in scale; the spatial grid 10 is embedded in the formwork 12 so that the individual contact surfaces 14 are in contact with the inner surfaces 15 in the formwork 12; in the case of inserting sets of solid frames 21 adjacent contact surfaces 14 of the individual spatial lattices 10 are in mutual contact, the outer contact surfaces 14 are directly connected to the inner surfaces 15 of the formwork 12;

i) fix the spatial lattices 10 or their sets 21 in the formwork 12, for example, by mechanical compression of the formwork 12, loading the reinforcement 9 or in another way so that the fastening is sufficient and that the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 inside the formwork 12 are not moved;

g) insert reinforcement 9 into the formwork 12, which is formed so as not to impede the spatial lattice 10 or its complexes 21 in the light transfer and, thus, not violate the resulting transparency of the composite structural element 1 with transparent properties;

j) casting, vibratory casting or injection of opaque material 7 into the formwork 12 so that the opaque material 7 fills the entire volume of the formwork 12; the individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its kits 21 remain in direct contact with the outer surfaces of the formwork 12 and, thus, they remain uncovered by the penetrating opaque material 7; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 in the upper open part of the formwork 12 also remain not covered by this penetrating material 7;

k) in the process of solidification of a liquid opaque material 7 in the formwork 12 are formed between the individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 and the inner surfaces 15 of the formwork 12 uncovered surfaces; these uncovered surfaces are also formed at the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its assemblies 21 and between the inner surfaces 15 of the formwork 12, from where the opaque material 7 enters the formwork 12, where also surfaces uncovered by the penetrating material 7 remain;

m) the remaining volume of the formwork 12 is filled with insulating material 8; the individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its kits 21 remain in direct contact with the outer surfaces of the formwork 12 and thus remain uncovered by the penetrating insulating material 8; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its kits 21 in the upper open part of the formwork 12, from which the insulating material 8 enters the formwork 12, also remain uncovered by this insulating material 8;

m) removing the finished element 1 from the formwork 12;

o) at the next stage, the outer surface of the structural element 1 is processed mechanically or chemically or not processed at all.

A method of manufacturing an advantageous embodiment of a structural element 1 according to the invention in a third embodiment consists of the following steps:

The production process of structural element 1 in the third embodiment consists of the same steps as in the second embodiment, in this case, layers of opaque material 7 and layers of insulating material alternate 8. The individual contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 remain in direct contact with the outer surfaces of the formwork 12 and, thus, remain uncovered by both layers. The contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its kits 21 in the upper open part of the formwork 12, from where these layers are applied, also remain uncovered by these layers.

A method of manufacturing an advantageous embodiment of a structural element 1 according to the invention in a fourth embodiment consists of the following steps:

o) insert the spatial lattices 10 or their sets 21, in which the adjacent contact surfaces 14 are in mutual contact, in the base surface 16 of durable material with holes corresponding in size and shape to the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21, in which adjacent contact surfaces 14 are in direct contact. The contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or the external contact surfaces 14 of the continuous sets 21 protrude from the openings of the base surface 16, are on the same level or are deepened into it;

p) anchoring the contour shell 17 of durable material with holes corresponding in size and shape to the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21, which are mutually bonded by their contact surfaces 14 to the base surface 16; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or the external contact surfaces 14 of their continuous sets 21 protrude from the holes of the contour shell 17, are at the same level with it, or are deepened into the holes;

c) insert the reinforcement 9 into the space resulting from the connection of the base surface 16 with the contour shell 17, moreover, the reinforcement 9 is formed so as not to interfere with the spatial grid 10 or their sets 21 in the transfer of light and, thus, the resulting transparency of the structural element with transparent properties 1;

r) fill the remaining internal space of the cavity formed with insulating material 8 or opaque material 7 or a combination thereof; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or the external contact surfaces 14 of their continuous sets 21 in the upper open part of the cavity from which the opaque material 7, the insulating material 8, or a combination of them poured, remain uncovered by this / these penetrating materials;

s) hardening of the insulating material 8 or opaque material 7 or their combination in the specified cavity; the structural component thus obtained 1 is closed in a cavity with openings on all sides (base surface 16, contour shell 17), with the exception of the upper part, from which opaque material 7, insulating material 8, or a combination thereof flowed;

f) at the next stage, the outer surface of the structural element 1 is processed mechanically or chemically or not processed at all.

A method of manufacturing an advantageous embodiment of the structural element 1 according to the invention in the fifth embodiment consists of the following steps:

x) insert the spatial lattices 10 or their continuous sets 21, in which their adjacent contact surfaces 14 are in mutual direct contact, in the base surface 16 of durable material with holes that correspond in size and shape to the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or their kits 21, in which the adjacent contact surfaces 14 are in mutual direct contact; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or the external contact surfaces 14 of their continuous sets 21 protrude from the holes in the base surface 16, are at the same level with it or are deepened in the holes on the base surface 16;

c) the anchoring of the contour shell 17 of durable material with holes corresponding in size and shape to the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21, which are mutually connected by their contact surfaces 14 to the base surface 16; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or the external contact surfaces 14 of their continuous sets 21 protrude from the holes of the contour shell 17, are at the same level with it, or are deepened in the holes;

h) insert the reinforcement 9 into the cavities resulting from the connection of the base surface 16 with the contour shell 17 of the box, and the reinforcement 9 is formed so as not to impede the spatial lattice 10 or its sets 21 in the transfer of light and, thus, the resulting transparency of the structural element 1 with transparent properties;

iii) fill the remaining internal space of the cavity formed with an insulating material 8, or an opaque material 7, or a combination thereof; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or the external contact surfaces 14 of their continuous sets 21 in the upper open part of the cavity from which the opaque material 7, the insulating material 8, or a combination of them poured, remain uncovered by this / these penetrating materials; the internal volume of the cavity may also remain without filler;

y) close the said spatial box with the upper surface 25 of durable material with holes corresponding in size and shape to the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or their continuous sets 21; the contact surfaces 14 of the spatial lattice 10 or their external contact surfaces 14 of their continuous sets 21 protrude from the openings of the upper surface 25, are at the same level with it, or are deepened in the holes; In this way, a structural part 1 is created, closed by a cavity with holes on all sides (base surface 16, contour shell 17, upper surface 25).

In the next step, the outer surface of the structural element 1 is processed mechanically or chemically or not processed at all.

Claims (19)

1. A compact spatial lattice (10) of a light-transmitting building element (1), characterized in that it is made as a single element of a given shape by means of 3D printing technology and contains at least two solid plates (22) and at least two jumpers (19 ), which are located in relation to each other at an angle from 0 ° to 180 °, forming a continuous completely transparent line (20), ensuring the passage of the light beam from at least one of the transparent surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5) of the light-transmitting building e element (1) to all other transparent bounding surfaces of the light-transmitting building element (1), while the jumper (19) is located at a level such as the height of the solid plate (22) so that this jumper forms a continuous completely transparent line (20), and the contact surfaces (14) formed by the lateral surfaces of solid plates (22) or lintels (19) can have any size, shape and can be at any distance so that their different ordering can be achieved, which ultimately forms si, patterns, symbols or logos. 2. A compact spatial lattice (10) of a light-transmitting building element (1), characterized in that it contains at least two transparent light-transmitting elements (6) having contact surfaces (14) and located at an angle from 0 ° to 180 ° to each other moreover, each transparent element (6) includes at least one continuous plate (22) and at least one jumper (19), which are located relative to each other at an angle from 0 ° to 180 °, forming a continuous completely transparent line (20) providing passage a beam of light from at least one of the transparent surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5) of the light-transmitting building element (1) to all other transparent bounding surfaces of the light-transmitting building element (1), wherein said lattice (10) is formed by connecting transparent elements (6) by means of sliding cuts (18) made in solid plates (22), or by means of fixing elements (11). 3. A compact spatial lattice (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the transparent elements (6) forming the specified lattice (10) is made of the same material, or all transparent elements (6) or part of them are made of different materials. 4. Compact spatial lattice (10) according to any one of paragraphs. 2 or 3, characterized in that each of the transparent elements (6) forming the specified lattice (10) is made of material of the same color, or all transparent elements (6) or part thereof are made of materials of different colors. 5. Compact spatial lattice (10) according to any one of paragraphs. 2 or 3, characterized in that it is made of a material based on glass or plastic. 6. Compact spatial lattice (10) according to any one of paragraphs. 2 or 3, characterized in that the contact surface (14) is formed either by a continuous plate (22) or a jumper (19), while the jumper (19) is located at a level such as the height of the continuous plate (22) so that this jumper forms a continuous fully transparent line (20). 7. Compact spatial grid (10) according to any one of paragraphs. 2 or 3, characterized in that on each continuous plate (22) or only on some continuous plates (22), sliding cuts (18) are made, or continuous plates (22) do not contain sliding cuts at all (18). 8. The light transmitting building element (1) containing a) at least four light-transmitting bounding surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5), guaranteeing the penetration of light from any of them to all others while fully preserving the possibility of applying any inscriptions, patterns, symbols or logos to them, b) a compact spatial lattice (10) according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, c) and / or a set (21) of a plurality of said lattices (10), g) and / or liquid opaque material (7), e) and / or liquid or solid insulation material (8), f) and / or solid opaque material (16, 17, 25), g) and / or combinations thereof, moreover, d), e), e) or g) surround the specified lattice (10) or a set (21) from their set, characterized in that the contact surfaces (14) of the specified lattice (10) or a set (21) from their set are in direct contact with at least four transparent bounding surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5) of the light-transmitting building element (1), ensuring the penetration of light from any bounding surface (2, 3, 4, 5) to all other light-transmitting bounding surfaces at full preservation of the possibility of applying to them any inscriptions, patterns, symbols or logos. 9. Light-transmitting building element (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the contact surfaces (14) of the specified lattice (10) or a set (21) of their many are in direct contact with at least four transparent bounding surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5), guaranteeing the penetration of light from any of them to all the others, of the light-transmitting building element (1) so that they protrude from the bounding surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5), are on the same level or deepened with them in them, and these contact surfaces (14) can They can be of any size, shape, and can be located at any distance so that their various ordering can be achieved, which ultimately forms inscriptions, patterns, symbols or logos. 10. Light transmitting building element (1) according to any one of paragraphs. 8 or 9, characterized in that each transparent element (6) forming any specified lattice (10) of any color, formed by continuous plates (22) with or without sliding cuts (18) and jumpers (19), forms a continuous transparent line (20) ), so that the sliding cuts (18) do not limit the light transmission of the transparent element (6), and the light beam penetrating at least one of the transparent bounding surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5) is transferred to all other transparent bounding surfaces. 11. Light-transmitting building element (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the fixing element (11) contains spacing elements (23) that ensure that the fixing element (11) is positioned at an appropriate distance from the lower bounding surface of the formwork (12) or from the lower the boundary surface (16), and cutouts (24), the number, size and location of which correspond to the jumpers (19) of the transparent elements (6), and the fixing element (11) has a flat or any curved shape that defines the final shape th element (1).

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