RU2610318C1 - Pilot training simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation; aviation.

SUBSTANCE: pilot training simulator comprises a centrifuge, a 3D system of virtual information transfer and display, a system of motion parameters control, coordination and positioning of working cabins, a system of centrifuge driving, motion parameters control and automatic stop, working cabins of pilot trainers and a central dispatcher's station, which contains a network server, a centrifuge start and stop button. Trainers' cabins are equipped with a monitor for video surveillance of the pilot, two-way radio communication with the team pilot and the dispatcher, a monitor of operating environment in the highway. The mechanical centrifuge is rigidly installed on a foundation, comprises an electric motor with a gear and at least four booms located on a rotary part. On each boom there is a movable platform, to which a fireball pilot cabin is fixed at the bottom, and a software-controlled retractable wheel located at the base of the centrifuge foundation. In the foundation there is a bottom flange with inner and outer diameter, on the motor gear there is a conical gear transferring rotation to the vertical shaft of the centrifuge. The centrifuge drive comprises a 3-phase electric motor, the drive of cabin rotation also includes electric motors energized from the base of the centrifuge via trolley ducts. The system of motion parameters, coordination and positioning of working cabins comprises a rotation control and electric motor unit, an electric motor of cabin movement along the beam of the "X" centrifuge, motors of cabin rotation around axis "Y" and "X1", sensors of sliding and overload, located in the pilot's cabin. The system of centrifuge driving, motion parameters control and automatic stop comprises an electric motor and a gear of centrifuge electric motor, located on the unit of the centrifuge foundation. The system also comprises a unit of rotation control and electric motor control, a system of sensors of angular speeds located on movable and fixed parts of the centrifuge, and sensors of sliding and overloads located in each pilot's cabin.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of user preparation as a result of achieving the same physical feelings and loads as under real operation conditions.

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Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of mass entertainment and training apparatus and can be used in various modifications in the field of recreation and entertainment, as well as for the professional training of car drivers, pilots of sports cars, etc.

An analogue of the claimed technical solution is an amusement simulator containing a vertical base 2 mounted on a fixed platform 1, on which a model of an aircraft 3 is mounted with the ability to roll and pitch, equipped with controls and propulsion 4, according to the claimed technical solution, the prototype of an aircraft model 4 is installed in the center of gravity of the layout, is rigidly connected to the rod 5 by a polygonal metal frame 6 - the frame of the model of the aircraft, and the output shaft 7 of the mover 4 is rigidly connected to the intermediate frame 8, mounted for rotation relative to the platform 1 around the horizontal axis and pivotally connected on one side to the vertical base 2, and on the other hand, rigidly connected to the output shaft of the second mover 9, rigidly mounted on a vertical base 2. The controls for the attraction-simulator include the operator’s computer 10 with the corresponding program, feedback sensors of the cockpit position and the position of the intermediate frame 11 and 12, respectively, manual a direction and speed sensor of the cockpit 13, a mode switch 14 and a computer of the cockpit 15 (Patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 544522, publication date: July 10, 2006).

The device allows you to make rotational movements of the layout of the aircraft around the horizontal axis X and the horizontal axis of the so-called U (Z), transferring overload to the pilot, who cannot position the cockpit in space by changing the roll and pitch. The main differences of this model are the constancy of the overload vector (lateral or vertical pelvis - head - legs), since the cockpit does not rotate around the vertical Y axis and the pilot cannot (due to the simulator design) feel chest-back overload, the absence of overload dynamics, due to the fixed the position of the cabin on the frame, as well as the lack of perception of 3D virtual information about the spatial position of the cabin and the movement parameters, which are disadvantages.

Another analogue is a flight simulator, which contains a fixed support 1, a vehicle model 2, an arrow consisting of two rods 3 and mounted on a bearing 4 of a fixed support 1 with the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis of the fixed support 1. The rods 3 are connected to the fixed support 1 by cylindrical hinges 5, with the model of the vehicle 2 - cylindrical hinges 6. Cylindrical hinges 5 and 6 enable the rotation of the rods 3 in a vertical plane. The model of the vehicle 2 is equipped with four wheels 7 installed under its bottom and a drive for moving it, including electric motors 8 with disc brakes 9 installed on each wheel 7. In the model of the vehicle 2, a spherical housing 11 is mounted with the possibility of turning control in bearings 10. the turn in the spherical housing 11 with the possibility of adjusting the rotation in the bearings 12 is fixed to the cockpit 13. In the latter, with the possibility of adjusting the rotation in the bearings 14 is installed a pilot seat 15, which reduces the inertia of the flight simulator at the moment of changing the direction of the vector of full acceleration acting on the pilot (Patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 121633, publication date: 12/27/2012).

The device also allows you to make rotational movements of the layout, transferring overload to the pilot, including chest-back overload and reverse. There is no possibility of moving the cabin along the centrifuge boom, there is no possibility for the pilot to obtain information virtually through the use of a virtual reality helmet and software, as well as for the pilot being unable to control the piloting process. The model is intended solely for testing or training the pilot for portability of various overloads, or for studying the reaction of the pilot, with passive portability of overloading in different directions, which are disadvantages.

The prototype of the claimed technical solution is a pilot simulator of aircraft, including: a cockpit containing a pilot's seat, motion controls, video device; pitch rotation frame; base with racks; pitch and axial rotation mechanisms, where the cabin is mounted inside the pitch rotation frame with the possibility of rotation around its longitudinal axis, and the frame itself is installed between the base posts by means of two bearing units, characterized in that the pitch rotation frame contains a fork connected to the cab through the bearing unit, made on silent blocks, and a ring perpendicular to the plane of the fork, which covers the cabin; at least three rollers are arranged outside the cab around the circumference, which are mounted with the possibility of rolling but to the ring; and bearing assemblies of the uprights of the base are made on silent blocks (Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 130733, publication date: 07/27/2013).

Due to design features, in particular the lack of a centrifuge, the prototype can not be supplemented with a visual information system (video device) to transfer overload of the chest - back and back to the pilot. Therefore, it is not possible to use it to fully convey the feeling of overload in the dynamics of changes in piloting parameters, which is a drawback.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages: increasing the efficiency of user training due to the receipt of the same physical sensations and loads as in real use conditions.

The technical result achieved is achieved by means of a simulator for training, which includes a centrifuge, a 3D system for transmitting and displaying virtual information, a control system for motion parameters, coordination and positioning of working cabins, a centrifuge drive system, control of motion parameters and automatic stop, working cabins for pilot trainers and a central the dispatcher point where the network server is located, the start and stop button of the centrifuge. The coaches' cabins are equipped with a monitor for video surveillance of the pilot, two-way radio communication with the team pilot and dispatcher, and an operational situation monitor on the track. In this case, the mechanical centrifuge is rigidly mounted on the foundation, consists of an electric motor with a gearbox and at least four arrows located on the rotating part. On each boom there is a movable platform, to which the cockpit of the car and the retractable wheel located at the base of the centrifuge foundation are attached from below. The foundation has a lower flange with an outer and inner diameter; a bevel gear is located on the geared motor, transmitting rotation to the vertical shaft of the centrifuge. The centrifuge drive consists of a 3-phase electric motor, the cab rotation drive also includes electric motors powered from the base of the centrifuge through trolley busbars. The control system for the parameters of movement, coordination and positioning of the working booths consists of a speed control and electric motor control unit, an electric motor for moving the cab along the X-ray beam, engines for turning the cab around the Y1 and X1 axes, slip and overload sensors located in the cab the pilot. The centrifuge drive system, control of motion parameters and automatic stop, consists of a centrifuge electric motor and a centrifuge electric motor reducer located on the centrifuge foundation block, a rotational speed control and electric motor control unit, a system of angular velocity sensors located on the moving and stationary parts of the centrifuge, and sliding sensors and overloads located in each cockpit.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 - arrow (beam) of the centrifuge and the pilot's seat.

In FIG. 2 - centrifuge with four arrows and working cabins of pilots (side view).

In FIG. 3 - schematically shows a General view of the device from above.

In FIG. 4 - directions of overload at different positions of the chair.

In FIG. 5 is a graph of the overload depending on the speed of the car and the degree of pressing the gas pedal.

In FIG. 6 - a system for controlling the parameters of movement, coordination and positioning of working cabins.

In FIG. 7 - 3D system for transmitting and displaying virtual information.

In FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of the radio and video communications of pilots with coaches and the central console of the dispatcher.

In FIG. 9 - centrifuge foundation (side view) with elements of a drive and stop system.

In FIG. 10 - the base flange and the centrifuge motor (top view).

The simulator for training the pilot on four rotating arrows (1) of a centrifuge, on the platform moving along the axis (X) of the arrow (2) there are cockpits with pilot seats (3), having (for this version of a sports car racing simulator) 2 degrees of rotation (Fig. . 13). Thus, we are able, by positioning the seats on the beam along the X axis, to change the amount of pilot overload for each virtual car, in accordance with the virtual mode of movement of each car, and positioning the seat relative to the overload vector (rotation axes Y1 and X1), achieve the necessary direction of overload on the pilot (Fig. 4) Structurally, each element of the device, its functions and operation are described below.

A mechanical centrifuge consists of a foundation (5), an electric motor (6) with a gearbox (7), (Fig. 9, 10) and four arrows (1) each 4 m long, located on the rotating part (Figs. 1, 3). On each boom there is a movable platform (2) (Fig. 1, 3), to which the cockpit of the car of the car (3) (Fig. 1) and a soft-retractable wheel (200-250 mm) (4) (Fig. 2, 3) located at the base of the centrifuge foundation. The foundation has a lower flange (8) with an outer diameter of 1300 and an inner 600 mm. On a diameter of 1200 mm, there are 8 holes for foundation bolts with a diameter of 36 mm (Figs. 9, 10). A bevel gear is located on the geared motor, (9) transmitting rotation to the vertical shaft (10) (Fig. 9). The centrifuge drive consists of a 3-phase electric motor (6) (Fig. 9, 10), the cab turns drive also includes electric motors (11) (Fig. 1, 2), powered from the base of the centrifuge through trolley busbars.

The 3D virtual information display system (virtual reality helmet) is designed to transmit virtual information to the pilot, his location on the racetrack, transmits information about his virtual movement and the external environment. All data is taken exclusively from the computer complex (15) located in each car’s cockpit and connected via the WIFI system to a network program server (16) located in the dispatcher’s room, into which the race network program is loaded. Each of the pilots has his own helmet programmatically visualizing the location of his car (pilot 1-4) on the race track (Fig. 7).

The control system for the movement parameters, coordination and positioning of the cockpits is designed to control the cockpits in accordance with the motion parameters set by the pilots. The system consists of a speed control and electric motor control unit (1.12 of Fig. 6), an electric motor for moving the cab along the centrifuge beam “X” (1.11), two engines for turning the cab around the axis “Y1” and “X1” (1.11), three sliding sensors and overload located in the cockpit (1.5) (Fig. 6), (12 Fig. 1). In addition, the system receives signals from the car’s virtual speed sensor (1.7), gas pedal (1.1), brake (1.2) and rudder position sensor (1.3) (Fig. 6). The task of the system is to install the cockpit in a specific position on the centrifuge boom along the “X” beam and correctly position the cockpit relative to the overload vector by turning the cockpit around the X1 and Y1 axes corresponding to the virtual parameters of the car’s movement. The working unit for moving the cockpit along the arrow of the centrifuge “X” (13) (Fig. 1), allows you to change the radius of rotation of the cockpit and thereby the magnitude of the overload acting on it, and the knot for turning the cockpit along the axis “Y1” and “X1” (14 fig. . 1) is the vector of its direction.

The system works as follows.

After the pilots land in the cockpit of the car, in yellow light on the simulator’s virtual traffic light (information is displayed to the pilot in the (virtual helmet), the electric motor starts and the centrifuge starts to rotate slowly, up to an angular speed of 150 degrees / second. At the same time, the cockpits are positioned at a rotation radius of up to 1 , 5 m, and the slip and overload sensors in each of the fireball cabs give a signal to the cab coordination and positioning system to rotate the seats along the Y1 axis, eliminating lateral overload. environment (overload of 1 unit table. A direction of the chest-back).

When the green light comes on, the pilots press the gas pedal and begin virtual movement along the racetrack. At this point, (by pressing any of the pilots on the gas pedal), the centrifuge starts accelerating up to 200 deg / s, and the cockpits themselves move along the centrifuge beam (X) to positions corresponding to the level of overload when accelerating the car (depending on the degree of pressing the gas pedal ) See the graph of the acceleration of the car and overloads on the pilot depending on the speed and degree of depressing the gas pedal (figure 5)

In this case, the slip sensors give signals to the control system to eliminate lateral overloads (if the pilot does not turn the steering wheel), and the overload sensor gives a signal to stop the cockpit in the position corresponding to the program overload. When the pilot passes a turning section of the route, or maneuvers when overtaking, a signal proportional to the angle of rotation of the steering wheel is removed from the steering angle sensor (when it deviates from the zero position), it is programmed by the virtual speed data in the coordination unit and the position of the cabin through it and through the control unit by electric motors, it enters the engine turning the cab along the Y1 axis to rotate the cab and creating a side overload corresponding to the angular acceleration of the car. Upon reaching the programmed lateral overload, the lateral overload sensor detects the angle of rotation of the car’s cabin until new data from the steering sensors and the virtual speed of the car are received. At the end of the maneuver, the system works in a similar way, leading the lateral overload to zero.

The system of visual and sound communication with pilots, recording the physical condition of the pilot consists of video cameras located in each cockpit (17), as well as wireless radio communications of the pilot with the trainer (18) and the central control panel (19) of FIG. 8. In addition, the system mixes the noise of the virtual car’s engine operation, the clutch noise of the virtual car’s wheels with the race track coating. In each coaching cabin there are monitors for visual observation of the pilot of the car and the parameters of virtual movement, and in the dispatcher’s room there is a monitor for monitoring each pilot (Fig. 8).

Centrifuge drive system, motion control and automatic stop in emergency cases. The purpose of the system is to ensure rotation of the centrifuge, maintain stable rotation speed (initial speed of 150 deg / s and working speed of 200 deg / s), as well as automatic stop, if the rotation speed exceeds 250 deg / s, or overload, in any direction 5 units. The system includes a centrifuge motor, (6 Fig. 9, 10) a speed control and motor control unit (1.12 of Fig. 6), a system of angular velocity sensors located on the moving and stationary parts of the centrifuge, and slip and overload sensors located in each cockpit . In addition, the system can be controlled from the central console of the dispatcher.

The working cabins of the coaches of the pilots and the central point of the dispatcher. Designed for coaching control over the passage of the race track by the pilot of the team, transmitting operational prompts to the opponent’s location, travel time and other working moments of the race to the pilot, visual monitoring of the pilot’s condition, his actions and parameters of virtual movement. In addition, in the central point of the dispatcher there is a network server of the game, a button for starting and stopping the centrifuge. The trainer's cabins are equipped with a monitor for video surveillance of the pilot, two-way radio communication with the team pilot and game dispatcher, a monitor of the operational situation on the track (rivals location), and the central point of the dispatcher has additional equipment for controlling the centrifuge, video and radio communications with each pilot and trainers.

After 4 participants of the race got into the cockpit of the cars, mechanically fixed them to the seats (1.6, Fig. 6), connected the communication headset and 3D virtual information helmets, the trainers and the centrifuge manager take their jobs (each in their cubicle, imitating 4 independent racer teams and race control CPUs). A visual (video surveillance system) and radio communication is established with each pilot, and the trainers control only their pilot, and the centrifuge manager has radio communication and watches all 4 pilots on the monitor.

Next, the computer program of the race is launched, issuing information to the helmets of each pilot — sound information (engine operation), 3D video information, positioning the fireballs in it at the starting positions, traffic light indications (red color) and including the start of centrifuge rotation to the initial rotation mode (warm-up) 150 deg / s. When the centrifuge rotates, the slip sensor in the car’s cabin generates a side slip signal, which eliminates the slip by the software package and the cab coordination and positioning system (hereinafter SKiP), turning the cab around the vertical axis Y1, and the overload sensor positions the cab on the centrifuge boom, providing overload parameters chest-back 1 unit After 15-30 seconds a green light comes on at the virtual traffic light, the pilots press the gas pedal to start the car. Pressing any gas pedal gives the main start to the centrifuge, bringing it to the calculated constant revolutions (200 deg / s), and the SKiP of each cabin, depending on the intensity and moment of pressing the pedal, positions it in accordance with the program starting overload (up to 3-4 units) to increase the radius of rotation and further rotation around the vertical axis, (Y1) eliminating lateral overload.

The pilot makes further movement along the highway according to the visual information of the 3D helmet, using the car’s controls. The change curve of the pilot’s overload (Fig. 5) provides a more intensive overload at a lower instrument speed and pressing the gas pedal, and at a maximum speed close to or equal to 1 unit). Having reached maximum or stable speed, SKiP transfers the cabs to the minimum rotation radius, corresponding to an overload of 1 unit (although the instrument speed can be maximum). Each change in speed is worked out by the software package and SKiP, moving the cockpit to increase or decrease the radius of rotation, and when braking, turns the pilot with his back to the axis of rotation, positioning along the centrifuge arrow to the position corresponding to overloading of the braking intensity.

SKiP actions during car turns on the track are as follows: a pilot, entering a turn, turns the steering wheel a certain angle (depends on the angle of turn of the track and the virtual speed of the car on the track). SKiP removes the parameters of the speed and angle of rotation of the steering wheel and, in accordance with the program and design characteristics, gives the command to the speed control and electric motor control unit to create lateral overload, turning the cab so that the lateral overload corresponds to the module and the calculated direction. After exiting the turn and returning the steering wheel to the neutral position, SKiP gives a command to eliminate lateral overload.

Each of the cabins works with its own SKiP and depends only on the modes of movement of this car and the position of the controls. Thus, we independently have 4 cars that are individually piloted and have individual driving modes. The system of visual and sound communication with pilots, recording the physical condition of the pilot provides two-way communication between the trainer and the pilot of the car, the ability to prompt the location (with a large lag or ahead), visually monitor the status of the pilot (and the centrifuge to the dispatcher - for all pilots), and also allows centrifuge dispatcher to take and record the parameters of the physical condition of the pilot while driving on the highway (when connecting the necessary equipment for the purpose of scientific work or research).

The centrifuge drive system, control of motion parameters and automatic stop in emergency cases ensures the centrifuge starts (warms up), further accelerates it to the programmed rotation speed and maintains it throughout the race, automatically stops when the maximum rotation speed, maximum overload of the car’s cabin are exceeded, alarms exceeding the amplitude of the shaking of the cab and loss of communication with the on-board complex SKiP.

The purpose of the working cabins of the trainers of pilots and the central point of the dispatcher are intended to organize information support for pilots on the track, visual and verbal monitoring of the pilots, as well as manual shutdown of the centrifuge when visually detecting a deterioration in the pilot’s state of health.

In the proposed technical solution, the rate of increase of the overload is from 1 to 5 units - 1 s, from -5 to 5 units - 2.2 s, which is provided by the speed of movement of the cockpits along the X axis from the minimum radius on the centrifuge boom to the maximum in 1 s.

Thus, the achievement of the most approximate physical sensations to the actual parameters of movement is achieved due to the trainees receiving the same physical sensations as in real piloting conditions. Consolidation of motor skills and real physical sensations by the user on the simulator, which makes it possible to reduce the number of hours of real piloting, development of methods for correcting pilot errors on the simulator by their conscious input and the feeling of physical stress when correcting them, in addition, the use of 4 independent cabins allows for group training and competition.

Thus, the analysis and testing of the prototype confirm the achievement of the technical result of the claimed invention, which consists in increasing the efficiency of user training due to the trainees receiving the same physical sensations and loads as in real piloting (operation) conditions.

The above also proves the conformity of the claimed method to the criteria of an inventive step, since it does not explicitly follow from the prior art for a specialist.

The invention is new, since the entire set of features is not known from the prior art described in the corresponding section of the description, as well as industrially applicable in the specified field of technology.

Claims (1)

The device of a training simulator, including a centrifuge, a 3D virtual information display system, a control system for motion parameters, coordination and positioning of work cabins, a centrifuge drive system, control of motion parameters and automatic stop, working cabins for pilot trainers and a central dispatcher point where the network is located server, centrifuge start and stop button, trainers' cabs are equipped with a monitor for video surveillance, two-way radio communication with the pilot and a dispatcher, a monitor of the operational situation on the highway, characterized in that the mechanical centrifuge is rigidly mounted on the foundation, consists of an electric motor with a gearbox and at least four arrows located on the rotating part, on each arrow there is a movable platform to which the cockpit is attached from below a car and a software retractable wheel located at the base of the centrifuge foundation, the foundation has a lower flange with an outer and inner diameter, a conical gear is located on the gear motor a torus transmitting rotation to a vertical shaft, the centrifuge drive consists of a 3-phase electric motor, the cab rotation drive also includes electric motors powered from the centrifuge base via trolley busbars, while the control system for the parameters of movement, coordination and positioning of the working cabins consists of a speed control unit and control of electric motors, electric motor for moving the cabin along the beam of the centrifuge “X”, motors for turning the cabin around the axis “Y1” and “X1”, slip and overload sensors, schihsya in the cockpit; at the same time, the centrifuge drive system, the control of motion parameters and the automatic stop consists of a centrifuge motor and a speed control and electric motor control unit, a system of angular velocity sensors located on the moving and stationary parts of the centrifuge, and slip and overload sensors located in each cockpit.

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