RU2609575C1 - Tooth reducer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine engineering, in particular to the machine parts, and can be used in the tooth-wheel gears placed in the closed casings - reducers with crankcase lubrication by immersion. A tooth reducer contains a closed casing with stiffeners located therein under the bearings boss and an oil bath with a liquid lubricant, in which the downstream tooth-wheel of the tooth wheel gear is immersed. The stiffeners are L-shaped. The horizontal parts of the stiffeners are reinforced under the bearings bosses and oriented inward the tooth reducer casing. Vertical parts of the stiffeners made in the form of planes, are mounted on the ends of the horizontal parts of the stiffeners and the casing bottom of the tooth reducer, and are arranged perpendicular to these parts forming the through windows between the stiffeners and the casing walls of the tooth reducer.

EFFECT: improving lubrication quality of the gear elements is achieved.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to machine parts, and can be used in gears housed in closed cases, gear reducers with crankcase lubrication by immersion.

A known design of a gear reducer containing a multi-stage gear placed in a closed housing with an oil bath and lubricated by immersion in the bath of the lower gear gear. To increase the rigidity of the gear housing elements, these elements are equipped with reinforcing stiffeners; in particular, such ribs (vertical) are located in the lower part of the gearbox housing - between the tides of the bearings in which the transmission shafts are installed and the bottom of the housing. Moreover, these stiffeners are located outside the transmission housing - see, for example, “Anuryev V.I. Reference designer-mechanical engineer: in 3 volumes T. 3. - 5th ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1979. - 557 s, ill. ”, P. 479, Fig. one.

The disadvantage of this design of the gear reducer is that when the stiffeners are located on the outside of the gear case, the dimensions of the case and the area of its outer surface increase, the protruding parts of the case increase its pollution during operation, complicate the external cleaning of the case, and worsen the vibration-acoustic characteristics of the case. In addition, this design of the case does not meet the modern requirements of technical aesthetics.

As a prototype, the design of a gear reducer containing a gear placed in a closed housing with an oil bath and lubricated by immersion in the bath of the lower gear of the gear; moreover, the housing is equipped with stiffeners located on the inner surfaces of the housing - see "Dunaev P.F., Lelikov O.P. The construction of components and machine parts: Textbook. allowance for machine building. specialist. universities. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M.: Higher. school, 1985. - 416 s, ill. ”, p. 238.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the stiffeners located inside the gear housing located in the lower part of the housing, between the tides of the bearings and the bottom of the housing, overlap the oil bath in plan and are immersed in it. When the bath of the lower gear gear, immersed in immersion lubricated by immersion, is immersed in liquid bath, the lubricant moves inside the oil bath: in the center of the oil bath, the lubricant moves in the plane of rotation of the wheel - from one wall of the casing to the other (which are perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the wheel) and, resting against the wall of the housing, located in the direction of rotation of the wheel, changes the direction of its movement to the opposite. On the way to the opposite wall of the housing, lubricant flows around the walls of the housing on which the transmission shafts are mounted and which are equipped with stiffeners (located inside the housing). These ribs, located on the path of movement of the lubricant, prevent the rectilinear movement of the lubricant; the lubricant has to bend around the protrusions of the stiffeners, changing direction towards the rotating lower gear, which during its rotation moves the lubricant in the opposite direction. The need for lubricant to flow around the protrusions of the stiffening ribs, the intersection of the lubricant flows leads to undesirable mixing of these lubricant flows, as a result of which they vortex mixing and foaming, the sediment at the bottom of the oil bath is stirred up; in addition, heat transfer between the flows of the lubricant deteriorates when moving along the walls of the housing with stiffeners. All this contributes to the deterioration of the characteristics of the lubricant and, as a result, impairs the lubrication of the gear elements.

The invention solves the problem of optimizing the movement of the lubricant in the oil bath and improving the lubrication quality of the gear elements.

For this, the gear reducer contains a housing with stiffening ribs located inside it under the tides of bearings and an oil bath with liquid lubricant, into which the lower gear gear is immersed. Moreover, the stiffening ribs are made L-shaped; the horizontal parts of the ribs are fixed under the tides of the bearings and oriented inward to the gear housing, perpendicular to its walls, near which they are located; and the vertical parts of the ribs, in the form of planes, are fixed at the ends of the horizontal parts of the ribs and the bottom of the gear housing and are perpendicular to the horizontal parts of the ribs with the formation of through windows between the ribs and the walls of the housing.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: gear reducer - side view in section (Fig. 1), the same gearbox - top view in section (Fig. 2).

The drawings show: oil bath with liquid lubricant 1; lower gear 2; twin gear wheel 3; shaft 4; tides of 5 bearings; walls 6 of the housing; horizontal part 7 stiffeners; vertical part 8 stiffeners; bottom 9 of the body; the upper level of the oil bath; width (reach) C ₁ stiffeners; width C of ₂ windows of stiffeners; height h of stiffeners; rotation directions ω of the downstream gear 2; direction of motion V of the lubricant; Gaps C ₃ between the ribs and the wheel 2.

The gear reducer contains a housing with an oil bath 1 with liquid lubricant, into which the lower gear 2 of the gear gear is engaged, which is meshed with a twin gear 3. The wheel 2 is mounted on a shaft 4 mounted in bearings located in the tides 5. Walls 6 the hulls are reinforced with stiffeners of the L-shaped form. The horizontal part 7 of each rib is mounted on a tide 5, perpendicular to the wall 6 of the housing, with the extension C ₁ inside the gear housing. The vertical part 8 of each rib (in the form of a flat plate) is located perpendicular to the horizontal part 7, parallel to the wall 6 of the housing, and is mounted on part 7 and the bottom 9 of the gear housing. Between the vertical part 8 of each rib and the wall 6 of the casing, a through window of width C ₁ and height h is formed. Between the stiffeners (their vertical parts and the lower gear 2), gaps of size C _{3 are} defined.

During operation of the gearbox and rotation (ω) of the gear wheel 2 in the oil bath 1, the lubricant of the oil bath is driven by this rotating wheel. In this case, the flow of lubricant created by the wheel 2 is directed in the direction of rotation of its part immersed in the lubricant - towards the opposite wall of the housing; abutting against this wall, the flow of lubricant is bifurcated into two flows, which, bending around this wall, change the direction of motion to the opposite, flowing around the walls 6 of the casing, perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the wheel 2 and which are reinforced by stiffeners. In this case, both flows (reverse direction) of the lubricant flow through the through windows of the stiffeners, without experiencing a disturbing action from these ribs. The implementation of the vertical parts 8 of the ribs located parallel to the walls 6 allows you to reduce the size of the ribs (their size C ₁ ), in addition, these parts of the ribs share two multidirectional flow of lubricant - from the rotating wheel 2 and the return.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed design of the gear reducer allows you to optimize the movement of the lubricant in the oil bath when the lower gear rotates in it, causing this movement. The movement of the lubricant directly along the side walls of the gear housing is ensured, without the stiffening ribs protruding inside the housing flowing around it. In addition to reducing the disturbing effect on the lubricant, stiffening ribs provide better heat transfer from the lubricant to the walls of the gear housing, as lubricant moves along these walls without flow around stiffeners. In addition, separation of multidirectional flows of lubricant from each other is carried out. This allows you to reduce the perturbing effect on the moving lubricant of the stiffeners and to improve the performance of the lubricant.

Claims (1)

A gear reducer comprising a closed housing with stiffeners located inside it under the tides of bearings and an oil bath with a liquid lubricant into which the lower gear gear is immersed, characterized in that the stiffeners are L-shaped, horizontal parts of stiffeners strengthened under the tides of bearings and oriented inward to the housing of the gear reducer perpendicular to its walls, near which they are located, and the vertical parts of the stiffeners are made in the form of planes, are fixed at the ends of the horizontal parts of the stiffeners and the bottom of the gear housing and are perpendicular to these parts with the formation of through windows between the stiffeners and the walls of the gear housing.

Images