RU26089U1 - TORQUE TRANSMISSION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for transmitting torque, made in the form of a male or female element, in the form of alternately alternating curved protrusions and depressions evenly spaced around the circumference of the element, characterized in that the shape of the surface of the curved protrusions and depressions of the female or male element is made in accordance with parametric equations of a hypocycloid, constructed relative to each other with rotation, while the shape of the protrusions is made from a relation defined by the equation x = K1 • D • cos (φ-Δ) + K2 • D • cos (n-1) φ, y = K1 • D • sin (φ-Δ) -K2 • D • sin (n-1) φ, and the shape of the depressions is made from the relation defined by the equations x = K3 • D • cosφ + K4 • D • cos (3n-1) φ, y = K3 • D • sinφ-K4 • D • sin (3n-1) φ, where x and y are the coordinates; K1, K2, K3, K4 are empirical coefficients of correspondence to the number, sizes, and also the ratio of the radii of the circles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of a given figure; D is the diameter of the circle bounding the protrusions of the figure; φ is the argument (0-360); n is a number that determines the number of protrusions of a figure during construction; Δ is the angle of rotation of one hypocycloid relative to another. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the empirical coefficients K1 - K4 correspond to the number, sizes, and also the ratio of the radii of the circles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of the given figure are taken in the following limits: K1 - 0.280 ... 0.340; K2 - 0.210 ... 0.162; K3 - 0.425 ... 0.610; K4 - 0.065 ... 0.240, and the angle Δ of rotation of one hypocycloid relative to another is taken equal to, for example, 24.3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the female member is made in the form of a figured recess at the end of the screw head, or a production tool, or a master punch for head disembarkation. Of devices

Description

IPC TifeWzs / oo

Torque transmission device

The alleged invention relates to devices for transmitting torque to a threaded fastener, in particular to the designs of the heads of bolts and screws, to the contact elements of the fastener and the setting key, to a tool for their manufacture.

Known devices for transmitting torque described in UK patents No. 1360644, IPC F 16 V 23/00 (1) and US No. 3541624, IPC F 16 V 23/00 (2), which shows the design of 8 and 12-faced heads bolts and nuts.

A disadvantage of the known designs is a linear touch along the edges, crushing and shearing at high torques of screwing and tightening.

A device for transmitting torque in the form of 6 evenly spaced alternately alternating curvilinear protrusions and depressions made with radii of different curvatures. When interacting with the response elements on the head of the key, in the inoperative (zero) position, the generatrix profiles of each pair of engagement are similar and equidistant to each other around the entire circumference of the engagement of the elements.

Design developed by Textron Inc. USA and known under the trademark "TORX, is described, for example, in npocneicre company Bulten AB Sweden, 1981, p. 1,2 (3).

This design has found wide application in industry in many branches of technology worldwide, however, tests of these parts revealed certain disadvantages of this design. At maximum tightening forces of the threaded connection, due to the relatively small contact surfaces of the elements for transmitting the torque of the fastener and the reciprocal setting tool (linear axial contact along the height of the protrusion or depression and almost point along a curved arc), the peaks of the protrusions on the fastener are crushed and on the tool, which can lead to premature failure of the tool. Design flaws were confirmed by computer simulation, FIG. 5, 6, 7.

This nature of the contact leads to the fact that the known design of the elements for transmitting torque makes it difficult to tighten the threaded part with maximum torque and to obtain a high-strength threaded connection, reliable in extreme conditions.

The design described in the prospectus of the company Bulten AB {ШЕ & дщ, ЮМ, p. 1,2 (3), is adopted as a prototype.

It should be noted that the authors and the applicant proposed a device for transmitting torque, developing the well-known fj | f we BSulten DV, described in the application for the alleged invention from 26 iviapTa of the year, No. 99106560/28/006502 - closed, and the additional application registered from 14 June 2000, No. 2000114870.

The objective of the proposed invention, in comparison with the prototype, is to achieve the maximum contact area of the interacting curved surfaces of the protrusions and troughs of the fastener and the setting tool, to achieve the maximum tightening torque and obtain a high-strength threaded connection that is most reliable under extreme conditions of use.

One of the tasks is the creation of our own domestic production of fasteners of a similar design and a staging tool for them, stopping purchases abroad and saving foreign currency for other purposes.

These problems are solved due to a significant change in the surface shape of the generatrix of the curved projections and depressions of the female or male member. The shape of the generatrix is made in accordance with the characteristics of the parametric abstraction of two hypocycloids, built relative to each other with rotation, while the shape of the protrusions is made from the ratio defined by the equations

X KI D cos (f - A) + Ka D cos (n - 1) f

for KI D sin (ф - А) - К2 D sin (n - 1) ф a the shape of the depressions is made from the relation defined by the equations

X KZ D cos f + Cd D cos (3n - 1) f

for KZ D sin f - К4 D sin (3n - 1) f

where X and y are the coordinates,

K1, K2, KZ, K4 - empirical coefficients of correspondence to the number, size, and also the ratio of the radii of the circles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of a given figure during construction,

D is the diameter of the circle bounding the protrusions,

f - argument (O - 360 °),

n is a number that determines the number of protrusions of a given figure during construction,

And - the angle of rotation of one hypocycloid relative to another, ensuring the symmetry of the figure and the coincidence of the protrusions and depressions.

The empirical coefficients (K1 - K4) of correspondence to the number, size, and also the ratio of the moles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of a given figure are taken in the following limits:

K1 - 0.280 ... 0.340, K2 - 0.210 ... 0.162,

KZ - 0.425 ... 0.610, K4 - 0.065 ... 0.240.

The rotation angle A of one hypocycloid relative to another is taken equal to 24 °.

The covering element is made in the form of a figured) recess in the end of the screw head, or of a production tool, or a master punch for head disembarkation.

Z Q Oyl il or a production tool, or a master punch for extruding a cavity.

The new form of the curved generatrix of the protrusions and depressions of the device for transmitting the torque of the fastener is a significant difference from the prototype.

When used with a standardized tool (screwdriver tips, or interchangeable socket heads) an unexpected technical result is achieved, giving a new positive effect.

With internal or external engagement of the elements for transmitting the torque of the key and the fastener (zero position), the similarity and equidistance between the curvilinear generators of the key elements and parts are lost. The provided gap in the areas of protrusions and depressions between the key and the part alternately decreases and increases, i.e. decreases on the tops of the protrusions and increases along their lateral generators. In the working position, when the key is rotated to a predetermined contact with the generatrix of the component, the increased clearance is selected, due to which the curved side generatrix of the protrusion P1a or the key cavity is maximally combined with the curvilinear forming cavity or protrusion of the part. It turns out the contact of large areas of two curved surfaces: axial over the entire height of the element and along the length of the arc of the curved surface.

The proposed shape of the curved generatrix of the protrusions and depressions of the part leads to an increase in the gap in the area of the lateral protrusions and depressions between the part and the key, which in turn leads to an increase in the contact area of the curved surfaces of the key and part forming when the key is rotated.

The positive effect is to increase the contact area of the side generators of the key and part, increase the transmitted torque, reduce the voltage at the contacts of the mating engagement surfaces, achieve the maximum tightening torque, and obtain a high-strength threaded connection that is most reliable under extreme operating conditions of the equipment.

Positive is also the simplified, quick calculation of the necessary parameters of the generatrix of the curve of the protrusions and troughs for different ratios of the lengths of these curvilinear generators, their number, as well as the quick construction of a given figure.

The proposed device meets the criterion of industrial applicability. This follows from the above equations and derived empirical coefficients, summarized in one table. All that is required is the substitution of the necessary tabular data into the equations for constructing one or another fig. F with specific sizes.

The essence of the alleged invention and its differences from the prototype are illustrated by drawings.

.

In FIG. 2 shows the device of FIG. 1, with a turn of the key to contact.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the proposed shape of the male element by the example of a bolt head engaged with the male key (zero position).

In FIG. 4 shows the device of FIG. 3, with a turn of the key to contact.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the well-known TORX construction - key, for male and female element.

In FIG. 6 shows the device of FIG. 5, for recessing in the screw head, with the key turned to contact.

In FIG. 7 shows the device of FIG. 5, for a bolt head, with a turn of a key to contact.

Designations in the drawings:

FIG. 1. The standard key is located in the recess at the end of the screw head. The screw head 1, key 2, a curved generatrix 3 of the recess in the end of the head 1, a curved generatrix 4 of the key 2. Between the generators 3 and 4 there is a gap 5.

In the circumferential direction along the curvilinear generators 3 and 4, the gap 5 alternately decreases and increases, decreases between the generators on the tops of the protrusions of the key and the troughs of the recess and increases between them along their lateral generators.

In FIG. 2 shows the area of contact 6 between the curved surfaces of the generatrix 3 of the recess in the head 1 and the curved surface of the generatrix 4 of the key 2, the working position.

In FIG. 3 shows the socket head 7 of the key and the head of the bolt 8, zero position. The head 7 of the key is mounted on the head 8 of the bolt, the curved generatrix 9 of the head 8 of the bolt, the curved generatrix 10 inside the socket head 7 of the key, clearance 5.

In FIG. 4 shows the area of contact 11 between the curved surfaces of the generatrix 9 on the head of the bolt 8 and the curved surface of the generatrix 10 of the socket 7.

FIG. 5, covering and covering elements of the known TORX design, the key is installed in a recess in the screw head. The screw head 12, a key 13, a curvilinear generatrix 14 in the recess of the head 12, a curvilinear generatrix 15 of the key 13. There is a gap 16 between the generators 14 and 15 in the zero position. The generators 14 and 15 in the known construction are similar and relatively equidistant from each other around the entire circumference , i.e. the gap 16 at all points of the curved protrusions and troughs is the same.

In FIG. 6 shows the contact point 17 between the curved surfaces of the generators 14 and 15.

In FIG. 7 shows the head of the bolt 18 and the socket head of the key 19 of the known TORX design. The mechanical head 19 is worn on the head of the bolt 18 and is turned at a certain angle to the contact. Curvilinear generatrix 20 on the head of the bolt 18, curvilinear forming 21 in the recess on the end head 19, the contact point 22 of the curved surfaces forming 20 and 21.

The arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the elements of the device for transmitting torque.

An example of the construction and execution of a device where the male element is a bolt head, for example, in the form of six alternately alternating protrusions and depressions, and covering a standard socket head, for example, for products with a TORX head.

The ratio of the number of protrusions between hypocycloids during construction is 1: 3, the diameter of the circle bounding the protrusions is D 9.2 mm. Protrusion formula

X K1 D cos (f - A) + K2 D cos (n - 1) f y K1 D sin (f - A) - K2 D sin (n - 1) f Formula of troughs

X KZ D cos f + K4 D cos (Зп - 1) f y KЗDsinf - K4-D-sin (3n-l) f. The value of n for this figure is taken to be six. The values K1 - K4 of empirical coefficients, as well as the angle A of the rotation of the hypocycloid relative to each other, are derived experimentally, experimentally, where, depending on the ratio of the radii of the circles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of the two hypocycloids when building, these values are in the range for:

K1 from 0.280 to 0.340, K2 from 0.210 to 0.162,

Short circuit from 0.425 to 0.610, K4 from 0.065 to 0.240.

For ease of use in a production environment, these values are summarized in a worksheet for use in each case.

It should be noted that a ratio of 1: 1 of the radii of the circle of curvature of the protrusions and depressions of one hypocycloid with respect to another is preferable, for example, only for curly recesses in the screw heads, and the ratio of radii from 1: 2 to 1: 5 is applicable, for example, for bolt heads, with a ratio of 1: 4 - the maximum contact of the areas forming.

The angle A of rotation of one hypocycloid relative to another, for this figure with six fig) protrusions, taken equal to 24.

Table

blunts and troughs of the hypocycloid equal, for example, 1: 2 and we substitute the data in

equations, we get:

protrusion formula

X 0.31x9.2xco8 (f - 24) + 0.19x9.2xcos (6 -1) f 2.852 cos (f-24) + 1.748 cos 5f y 0.31x9.2x8t (f-24) - 0.19x9.2xsin (6- 1) f 2.852 sin (f-24) - 1.748 sin 5f,

hollow formula

X 0.480x9.2xcos f + 0.12x9.2xcos (3 x 6 - 1) f 4.416 cos f + 1.104 cos 17f y 0.480x9.2xsin f - 0.12x9.2xsin (3x6 - 1) f 4.416 sin f + 1.104 sin 17f .

The indicated tabular values of the ratios from 1: 1 to 1: 5 of the radius of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of the dv} hypocycloid, as well as the angle of rotation of one of them by 24 ° relative to the other, are valid only for a given figure with six protrusions and depressions and the ratio of the protrusions between building; with hypocycloids as 1: 3. The operation of the device.

The setting tool in the form of a tip of a key 2, or a socket 7 is installed in a recess in the end of the screw head 1, or on the head 8 of the bolt, and then it is turned in an arrow until the lateral curved surfaces 4 and 10 of the tool come in contact with the corresponding lateral curved surfaces 3 and 9 on fastener head. Next is screwing the threaded fastener and tightening the connection.

With these characteristics of the parametric equations, a curvilinear generatrix is obtained with six symmetrically arranged circles alternately alternating with curvilinear protrusions and depressions.

When the lateral surfaces of curved arcs, for example, the key and the part interact, are flat, their contact is about 1.0 sq. mm In a similar size of the known design plop1, the contact hell is about 0.2 sq. Mm. From this it follows that, on average, the contact area of the curved forming head of the part of the proposed form with the production tool is 5–8 times larger than the contact area of the head of a known construction.

At present, the Etna plant has manufactured several pilot batches of fasteners with the proposed design of an element for transmitting torque and tests have been carried out, including in the conditions of conveyor assembly of cars. Tests have shown the high strength of the elements for transmitting torque and the screw heads and the tool itself when tightening the part and providing a high-strength threaded connection.

Claims (4)

1. A device for transmitting torque, made in the form of a male or female element, in the form of alternately alternating curvilinear protrusions and depressions evenly spaced around the circumference of the element, characterized in that the shape of the forming surface of the curvilinear protrusions and depressions of the female or male element is made in accordance with parametric equations of a hypocycloid, constructed relative to each other with rotation, while the shape of the protrusions is made from a relation defined iami
x = K1 • D • cos (φ-Δ) + K2 • D • cos (n-1) φ,
y = K1 • D • sin (φ-Δ) -K2 • D • sin (n-1) φ,
and the shape of the troughs is made from the relation defined by the equations
x = K3 • D • cosφ + K4 • D • cos (3n-1) φ,
y = K3 • D • sinφ-K4 • D • sin (3n-1) φ,
where x and y are the coordinates;
K1, K2, K3, K4 - empirical coefficients of correspondence to the number, size, and also the ratio of the radii of the circles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of a given figure;
D is the diameter of the circle bounding the protrusions of the figure;
φ is the argument (0-360 ^o );
n is a number that determines the number of protrusions of the figure during construction;
Δ is the angle of rotation of one hypocycloid relative to another. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the empirical coefficients K1 - K4 correspond to the number, size, and also the ratio of the radii of the circles of curvature of the protrusions and troughs of a given figure are taken in the following limits:
K1 - 0.280 ... 0.340;
K2 - 0.210 ... 0.162;
K3 - 0.425 ... 0.610;
K4 - 0.065 ... 0.240,
and the angle Δ of rotation of one hypocycloid relative to another is taken equal to, for example, 24 ^o .  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the enclosing element is made in the form of a figured recess at the end of the screw head, or a production tool, or a master punch for head disembarkation. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the male element is made in the form of a curly head of a bolt, or a nut, or a production tool, or a master punch for extruding a recess in the head.