RU2608210C2 - Self-propelled machine for planting seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanized woods planting using self-propelled machine, which is able to plant seedlings with closed root system. Machine consists of chassis, cabin, manipulator, attachment device, fixed on manipulator, and rack for cartridges storage, in which seedlings are accommodated. Attachment device is equipped with keylock for replacement and fixation of cartridges, as well as presence of trailer with feed conveyor to supply filled cartridges in their change zone, allowing operator to replace cartridges using manipulator and thus performing continuous planting of seedlings.

EFFECT: such design provides for forest mechanized planting without use of manual labor, increased efficiency of tree-planting operations and reduction of these operations cost.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The scope of the claimed machine is reforestation, namely the mechanized planting of seedlings of trees, as well as their transportation to the place of planting.

In modern conditions, it is necessary to develop and implement machines and technologies that increase labor productivity in reforestation. Reforestation operations use a significant proportion of manual labor. In order to intensify the processes of forest restoration, it is necessary to replace manual labor with mechanized labor and introduce multi-operational planting machines.

A device is known for planting seedlings in the form of a pipe, which is equipped with a lever for forming a hole (hole) in the soil into which the seedling is placed [1], [2]. A worker equipped with this device walks through the cutting area and plants seedlings. The technological cycle of the device includes the introduction of the device into the soil, the formation of a hole using the muscular strength of a person, and planting a seedling in this hole. The well-known machine allows to plant seedlings only with the help of the muscular strength of a person, while the worker carries a supply of seedlings with him in a special basket.

The main disadvantages of this device: piece planting of seedlings; low productivity; human insecurity during work from the influence of external climatic and other influences; when planting seedlings in large areas, a group of people is needed, each of which must be equipped with this device.

There is also a machine, which consists of a frame and a lever-cam mechanism. The machine allows you to form holes in the soil for planting seedlings without using the muscular strength of a person. The machine is attached to the tractor and, as the tractor moves, using the lever and cam mechanism produces holes [3].

The main disadvantages: the machine does not plant seedlings, but forms only holes, and therefore it is necessary to use a worker who plants seedlings in prepared holes; the spatial distribution of the wells is limited by the design features of the machine - each pair of holes is always formed at the same distance from each other; in the process of forming holes, the tractor needs to make sequential working passes both along the drains and along the apiaries.

The machine closest to the claimed one and taken as a prototype includes a manipulator equipped with a landing device. The principle of operation of the machine involves pointing with the help of a manipulator a device for planting to a planting site of a seedling, forming a place for planting and planting a seedling. The planting device is equipped with pockets where seedlings are placed. After planting each seedling, the operator shifts the pockets, and the next seedling is prepared for planting [4], [5].

The main disadvantages of the machine: the number of pockets for placing seedlings is small; manual filling of pockets by the operator - the operator must leave the cabin to fill the pockets after planting a batch of seedlings in an amount of not more than 75 pieces; the need for frequent return of the machine to the places of centralized storage of seedlings in the cutting area, which increases the unproductive time costs associated with idle passes of the machine through the cutting area.

The technical result in the proposed machine is to reduce the cost of planting seedlings with a closed root system by reducing the time required for planting, to reduce energy costs associated with additional maneuvers of machines, to reduce the share of manual labor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the attachment is equipped with a key-lock for changing and fixing the cassettes, as well as the presence of a trailer with a feeding conveyor for feeding the filled cassettes to the zone of their change, allowing the operator to change the cassettes using the manipulator and thereby plant seedlings continuously at lack of idle tractor passages.

The proposed self-propelled machine is shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2 shows a view A of FIG. 1. In FIG. 3 shows a right view. The self-propelled machine has a rotatable operator's cabin 1, a manipulator 2, a hinged landing device 3, a cassette 4 with forest planting material, a trailer 6 with a feed conveyor 7 with parallel guides for feeding cassettes 4 and a rack 5 for transporting cassettes. The hinged landing device 3 is equipped with a key lock 8. In FIG. 3 is a right side view of this machine.

In the process, a forest planting machine with a mounted planting device 3 mounted on the manipulator 2, planting seedlings, sequentially moving the mounted planting device 3 with the help of the manipulator 2 to the places of planting of seedlings, which are determined by the operator. After all the seedlings from the cassette 4 are planted, using the manipulator 2, the mounted planting device 3 is mounted on the feed conveyor 7 in the position as shown in FIG. 1. The operator, located in the tractor cabin, includes a key-lock drive 8, with which the emptied cassette 4 is released from the mounted landing gear 3. Next, the operator rearranges the mounted landing gear 3 on the adjacent guides of the conveyor 7, includes a conveyor 7, and a cartridge filled with seedlings 4 from the rack 5 is fed to the location of the hinged landing device 3. Having reached the hinged landing device 3, the filled cassette 4 is fixed on it with a key lock 8, and the machine continues to work .

The proposed machine is devoid of the disadvantages of the known machines, since in the process of planting seedlings there is no need to return to the places of storage after replenishing each cassette 4 to replenish the stock of forest planting material and the operator does not need to leave the cab 1 to fill the mounted planting device with 3 seedlings. Significant amounts of manual labor are eliminated, and all planting operations are carried out continuously with a single machine.

In accordance with studies conducted in 2014 at Petrozavodsk State University, the machine in question allows one to increase the productivity of planting seedlings by 1.5-3.5 times in comparison with known machines. The specific operating costs when using the machine in question are reduced by 12-15% compared with the use of known machines. This reduces the costs associated with the use of additional machines required in the case of known devices. The number of key personnel engaged in reforestation is declining.

Bibliography

1. About the landing pipe Pottiputki [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.pottiputki.com, free (access date: 03.03.2015).

2. Reforestation in the North-West of Russia and comparison with Finland. Timo Leynonen, Markku Turtiyainen, Ari Siekkinen. - Joensuu: Publishing House Forest Research Institute of Finland, 2009. - 39 p.

3. Recommendations for reforestation at felling using the L-2U lunker. / Rodionov A.V., Sokolov A.I., Kharitonov V.A., Tsypuk A.M., Egipti A.E. - Petrozavodsk: Publishing House of PetrSU, 2006. - 52 p.

4. Planting unit for seedlings with ZKS [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://reforestation.ru/p11, free (access date: 12/15/2014).

5. P11 - Landing unit. Bracke Forest [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.brackeforest.com, free (accessed: 03.03.2015).

Claims (1)

A self-propelled machine for planting seedlings, consisting of a chassis, a cabin, a manipulator, an attachment mounted on the manipulator, and a rack for storing cassettes in which seedlings are located, characterized in that the attachment is equipped with a key lock for changing and fixing cassettes, as well as the presence of a trailer with a feed conveyor for feeding the filled cassettes to the change zone, allowing the operator to change the cassettes using the manipulator and thereby plant the seedlings continuously.

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