RU2606819C1 - Sprinkling machine hydraulic drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to crops irrigation devices, and concerns improved hydraulic drive of sprinkling machine of DMU “Fregat” type for operation at low pressure in pipeline. Sprinkling machine of DMU “Fregat” type hydraulic drive hydraulic cylinder is equipped with second piston with rod with hydraulic cylinder top cover change, hydraulic cylinder attachment point change and forces on lever and pushers transmission system due to hydraulic cylinder equipment with parallelogram mechanism.

EFFECT: disclosed invention enables to twice reduce required pressure in discharge pipeline and hydraulic cylinder, provides DMU “Fregat” hydraulic drive operation at low pressure with installation of sprinklers, requiring low pressure from 0,08 to 0,25 MPa for normal operation.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for watering crops.

Known self-propelled irrigation machines for irrigation of crops, irrigation irrigation in movement in a circle (Land reclamation and water management. Irrigation: reference book / edited by B. B. Shumakov. - M .: Kolos, 1999. - 432, p .: silt ., p. 111-126).

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a self-propelled multi-support sprinkler machine unified (DMU) "Frigate" (Land reclamation and water management. Irrigation: a reference book / edited by B. B. Shumakov. - M .: Kolos, 1999. - 432, p. .: ill., p. 111-119). The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need for high pressure (pressure) at the inlet of the machine - 72.4 m and in low-pressure modifications of DMU with 15-17 bogies - above 51.0 m. High pressure in the irrigation pipeline DMU "Frigate" is necessary for high-quality work medium-jet sprinkling apparatus (sprinklers of the Rosa type No. 1, 2, 3 and 4) and for the operation of the hydraulic drive of the machine, which drives the Fregat DMU. However, in recent years, sprinklers such as sprinklers (Senninger i-Wob sprinklers) that require low pressure from 0.08 to 0 for high-quality work have become more widespread on Walley, Bauer, TL and other brands of sprinklers. 25 MPa (pressure from 8 to 25 m), instead of medium-jet or slotted sprinklers with a pressure of up to 0.7 MPa. To install such sprinklers on the Fregat DMU, it is necessary to reduce the pressure (pressure) in the pipeline at the inlet of the machine from 0.72 to 0.30 ÷ 0.35 MPa, i.e. almost doubled. But in this case, with a pressure in the pipeline of 0.3 ÷ 0.5 MPa, the existing hydraulic drive system will not be able to provide movement of the sprinkler due to a drop in pressure in the hydraulic cylinder and a decrease in the effort on the lever and pushers (drives) of the wheels, since the force created by one the piston and transmitted to the pushers, which drive the wheels, will be insufficient.

Preservation of the function of the self-propelled DMF "Frigate" with a hydraulic drive while reducing the pressure by half is possible due to: 1) increasing the length of the shoulder on the power lever; 2) double the diameter of the cylinder and the area of the piston; and 3) install two pistons in the existing hydraulic cylinder, thereby doubling the total area of the two pistons. However, the first and second design decisions require structural changes in the hydraulic cylinder, levers (pushers) and the trolley itself, which is undesirable. We propose to use the third most simple technical solution, i.e. installation in the existing hydraulic cylinder of the second piston with a rod on the opposite side of the existing one with a change in the top cover and the mounting location of the hydraulic cylinder; the system of transferring forces to the lever and pushers due to the equipment of the hydraulic cylinder with a parallelogram has also been changed.

The essence of the invention is expressed in the improvement of the hydraulic actuator DMU "Frigate" for low pressure in the pipeline, which is achieved by equipping the existing hydraulic cylinder with a second piston with a rod on the opposite side of the existing one with a change in the top cover and mounting location of the hydraulic cylinder, which allows to double the total the area of the pistons on which water exerts pressure in the hydraulic cylinder. Changing the system of transferring forces to the lever and pusher rods due to the equipment of the hydraulic cylinder with a parallelogram will increase the efforts on the hydraulic actuator levers, thereby ensuring the hydraulic actuator’s operability when the pressure is reduced by half from 7.2 to 3.5 kg⋅s / cm ² (or from 0, 72 to 0.35 MPa). Alternating water supply to the space between the pistons and between the pistons and the cylinder covers will allow for the reciprocating movement of the rods (down-up) and all the elements of the hydraulic drive.

The set of essential features that reveal the essence of the invention is the installation in the existing hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic actuator DMU "Frigate" of the second piston with the upper rod, upper cover with guide rails, while the base of the upper rod is pivotally attached to the frame of the carriage support, and the base of the existing lower rod is pivotally attached to the end of the power lever and thereby ensures the transmission of the force of two pistons with rods to the power lever and through the pusher rods to the wheels. To ensure uniform convergence and divergence of the pistons in the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a parallelogram. The pistons are returned to their initial state by automatically switching the tap (valve) to alternately supply water into the space between the pistons and between the cylinder covers and pistons, as well as simultaneously opening the drain pipe from the hydraulic cylinder to drain the water.

In total, the device ensures the achievement of the goal - ensuring the operation of the hydraulic drive while reducing the pressure in the pipeline DMU "Frigate" in two or more times.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-3.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a hydraulic cylinder; FIG. 2 is a diagram of the trolley DMU "Frigate" existing (prototype) and in FIG. 3 - diagram of the trolley DMU "Frigate" with the proposed device.

The device consists of a cylinder 1, a lower cover 2 and an upper cover 3 with guide rails 4, a lower 5 and an upper 6 pistons mounted on rods: lower 7 and upper 8, fittings 9 and 10, valves (valves) 11, holes 12 and 13 in the rods, the base of the lower rod 7 through the hole 12 is pivotally attached to the power lever 14, the upper rod 8 through the hole 13 is pivotally attached to the frame of the trolley 15, the parallelogram consists of two long levers 16 and 17 and two short levers 18 and 19, the guide 20 , one end of the long levers 16 and 17 are pivotally fastened together and the other end is hinged to one of the rods 7 and 8, the assembly of the parallelogram ensures uniform piston stroke.

The device operates as follows.

Water under pressure from the irrigation pipe 21 DMU "Frigate" through the open valve 11, the nozzle 9 is fed into the cylinder 1 in the interval between two pistons (lower 5 and upper 6), under the influence of water pressure the pistons 5 and 6 are moved, which are moved apart and the forces of the rods 7 and 8 are transferred to the power lever 14, the pushers 22 set the wheels in motion, the trolley DMU Fregat moves to a new position by the pusher 22 movement step, after the upper 8 and lower rods 7 are moved to the set position, existing on the prototype DMU Frigate "device The water supply to the nozzle 9 is automatically stopped, and the valve 11 opens the water supply hole in the space between the caps 2 and 3 of the cylinder 1 and the pistons 5 and 6, the valve 11 simultaneously opens the water drain hole located between the pistons, the water is drained under translational action two pistons, a new cycle of the hydraulic cylinder is performed automatically when the existing trolley travel sensor is turned on, the parallelogram ensures uniform movement of the pistons in the cylinder.

Calculation of hydraulic cylinders

The main parameters of the piston hydraulic cylinder are: piston diameters D, working pressure P (http://gidravl.narod.ru/gidrocil.html).

Consider a hydraulic cylinder with a one-sided piston and rod. According to the main parameters, the following dependencies can be determined:

- the piston area F ₁ is determined by the formula

F ₁ = π⋅D ^2/4;

- the force R ₁ developed by one piston and the rod of the hydraulic cylinder when it is extended, respectively:

R ₁ = F ₁ ⋅ P ₁ ⋅k _mp ,

where k _mp = 0.9 ÷ 0.98 - coefficient taking into account friction losses;

P ₁ - water pressure in the cylinder, kgf / cm ² .

The pressure in the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is taken equal to zero and is not calculated, since there are fittings in the hydraulic cylinder covers for dumping the accumulated water.

The force developed by the two pistons of the hydraulic cylinder when extending the rod is

R _total = F ₁ ⋅P ₁ ⋅k _mp + F ₂ ⋅P ₂ ⋅k _mp ,

since F ₁ ⋅P ₁ ⋅k _mp and F ₂ ⋅P ₂ ⋅k _mp are equal, the total force is doubled.

With the same working pressure P and the installation of two pistons of the same diameter D, their total area F doubles and, accordingly, the force R transmitted through two rods to the power lever and the pushers driving the wheels of the DMU cart doubles.

For example:

With an internal cylinder diameter of 0.15 m = 15 cm, the area of one piston is

.

.

The force developed on existing DMU by one piston and rod at a fluid pressure in the pressure pipe of 7.0 kgf / cm ² is

.

.

With a decrease in pressure in the pressure pipe by half, to 3.5 kgf / cm ² , the force developed by one piston and the cylinder rod is

.

.

The force developed by the two pistons is

.

.

Thus, when the pressure in the pressure pipe is halved (from 7.0 to 3.5 kgf / cm ² ), in order to obtain an equal force of 1011.4 kg, two pistons must be installed in the hydraulic cylinder.

Together, the changed device allows to halve the required pressure in the pressure pipe and hydraulic cylinder, to ensure the hydraulic actuator DMU "Fregat" at low pressure and to establish sprinklers such as sprinklers (for example, Senninger i-Wob sprinklers) that require low pressure for normal operation from 0.08 to 0.25 MPa. Reducing the pressure in the working pipeline slightly reduces the flow of water in the pipeline, however, it can almost halve the cost of energy for pumping water.

Claims (1)

The device of a self-propelled sprinkler machine DMU "Fregat" for irrigation of crops with a hydraulic actuator, containing a pressure pipe, a hydraulic cylinder with one piston and a rod mounted on a movable trolley, a power lever, a piston rod pivotally attached to the lower cover of the hydraulic cylinder and serving to set the wheels in motion characterized in that a second piston with an upper rod, an upper cover with guide rails is installed in the hydraulic cylinder, the base of the upper rod is pivotally attached to the frame of the truck support ki, the base of the existing lower rod is pivotally attached to the end of the power lever, due to the parallelogram equipped on the hydraulic cylinder for uniform rapprochement and divergence of the pistons, the transmission of effort of two pistons with rods to the power lever and through the push rod to the wheels is increased, the pistons can be returned to their original state automatic switching of the tap (valve) for the alternate supply of water into the space between the pistons and between the cylinder covers and pistons, as well as the simultaneous opening Existence of a drain pipe from a hydraulic cylinder for draining water.

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