RU2605958C1 - Equalizing beam suspension - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates medium and high load capacity multi-axle vehicles wheel suspension. Equalizing beam suspension comprises by two balanced arranged springs arranged on each side of vehicle, which ends are installed in brackets, connected with axles. One bracket has swinging support fixed relative to axle, and second bracket is interconnected with swinging support pivoted along axle. In springs brackets swinging hinges with longitudinal U-shaped guides are mounted. Lower hinges are made in form of cross-pieces. Inside guides axles beams are located. In one of them axle beam is fixed on swinging support, and in other axle beam is installed in cross-head, which is fixed on swinging support.

EFFECT: enabling increasing vehicle performance and layout characteristics.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to land transportation systems, to the suspension of wheels of multi-axle vehicles of medium and heavy lifting capacity.

Known car wheel suspensions containing elastic guides and damping devices (Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Automobile: structural analysis, calculation elements. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 304 pp. - pp. 249-261 )

For the suspension of two closely spaced bridges, a balancing suspension is used, in which the spring and the spring mounted on the axis of the balancer are a balancer and an elastic element. Such a suspension when hitting one wheel on an obstacle significantly reduces the vertical movement of the carrier system (frame) of the car.

The traditional design of the balancing suspension (p. 260, Fig. 225) provides elastic coupling, transmission of traction and braking forces, and reactive moments between the carrier system (frame) of the car and the drive wheels of the car. But for the transfer of effort and the perception of reactive moments requires the use of six rocket rods with twelve hinges. Vertical displacements of bridges with different swing radii of springs and reaction rods cause a change in the angle of inclination of the drive shafts of the main gears on which the cardan joints are fixed, which disrupts the uniform rotation of the cardan shaft, additionally loads the cardan joints and reduces the durability of their operation, especially the short cardan joints between bridges of balancing suspension. With a lateral roll of bridges, springs experience torsional loads that reduce the durability of the springs. High specific pressures that occur at the point of contact of the springs and their supports on the bridges cause wear of friction pairs when the springs move along the support on the bridge, which arises due to the mismatch between the kinematics of the spring and the bridge on the reaction rods.

The closest device is the balancing suspension according to the patent (RU No. 2321501. Bull. No. 10 from 04/10/1008. Author VI Nekrasov).

The vehicle’s wheel suspension contains balancing springs interconnected with two bridges, with two springs balancing on each side of the car, the ends of which are mounted in brackets connected to the bridges, one bracket has a swing support fixed relative to the bridge, the second bracket is interconnected with floating along the bridge rocking support.

The disadvantages of the described design are that the suspension pins experience high loads, leading to a decrease in the reliability and durability of the suspension guide elements.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the operational and layout characteristics of the car.

The problem is solved by increasing the contact area of the guiding elements of the suspension.

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that the balancing suspension contains on each side of the vehicle two balancing springs, the ends of which are mounted in brackets connected to the bridges, one bracket has a swing support fixed relative to the bridge, the second bracket is interconnected with a swing support floating along the bridge, while in the brackets of the springs installed swing joints with longitudinal U-shaped guides, the lower hinges are made in the form of crosses, inside these guides are located beam beams, in one of them the beam of the bridge is fixed on the swing support, in the other - the beam of the bridge is installed in the crosshead, which is fixed on the swing support.

In FIG. 1 shows a simplified longitudinal view of a balancer suspension when hitting an obstacle in a wheel of one side of a car.

In FIG. 2 shows a transverse view of the balancing suspension when hitting an obstacle of one wheel of the bridge. In the foreground is a bridge, in the background - the axis of the balancer.

In FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of a floating bridge support.

In FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a floating bridge support.

On the side members of the frame 1 are fixed two brackets 2 of the upper 3 and lower 4 axes of the balancers (Fig. 1 and 2). Hubs 5 of spring-balancers 6 with brackets are pivotally mounted on the axles 3 and 4 of the balancers. The axles 8 (Figs. 3 and 4) of the brackets 7 of the spring 6 are pivotally connected to the longitudinal U-shaped guides 9, inside of which crossheads 10 of the floating support of the bridge beam are located 11 with half shafts 12. U-shaped guides 9 and crossheads 10 are movably connected to one of the axes of the hinge 13 of the hinge, the spring 7 bracket 7 is attached to the other axis of the hinge 13. The fixed support (Figs. 1 and 2 on the right) differs from the floating support (Fig. . 1 and 2 on the left, Fig. 3 and 4) the absence of a crosshead 1 0, therefore, the longitudinal U-shaped guides 14 are narrower than the guides 9. In FIG. 1 and 2, the contour shows the wheels 15.

The work of the balancing suspension of the bridge is as follows. With the rectilinear movement of the car (Fig. 1), the traction and braking forces from the wheels 15 of each of the axles 11 are perceived from the fixed support of the longitudinal U-shaped guide 14, and from the floating support by the crosshead 10 and the longitudinal U-shaped guide 9. Crosses of hinges 13 and axles 8, the forces are transmitted to the brackets 7 and the spring-balancers 6, then the hubs 5 on the axles 3 and 4, then the brackets 2 of the axles of the balancers on the side members 1 of the car frame.

When cornering, centrifugal forces tend to move the car relative to the axles 11 and the wheels 15, while the lateral loads from the frame 1 are perceived by the brackets 2, the axles of the balancers 3 and 4, the hubs 5, the springs 6, the brackets 7, the axles 8 and the crosses 13, longitudinal P -shaped guides 14 of the fixed bearings of the axles 11 and to the wheels 15. Similarly, loads are transmitted during a side impact of the wheels against an obstacle.

When one of the wheels 15 collides with an obstacle (Fig. 2, the right wheel) due to the balancing installation of the axles, the vertical movement of the wheel will halve the movement of the hubs 5 springs (in Fig. 2 the right hub is not shown, as it is closed with a front view), elastic the deformation of the springs 6 will also reduce the vertical movement of the hubs 5 and the lateral roll of the frame 1. The force from the wheel 15 is perceived by the beam of the bridge 11, the fixed support of which is rotated in the transverse plane on the longitudinal axis of the spider 13, the lateral planes and the arc surface in acts on the longitudinal U-shaped guide 14. From the guide 14, the crosspiece 13 and the axis 8 forces are transmitted to the brackets 7, springs 6, hubs 5 springs, axles 3 and 4 of the balancers, brackets 2 axles of the balancers and side members 1 of the car frame. The transverse inclination of the beam of the bridge 11 (Fig. 2, 3 and 4) causes its axial movement in the inclined crosshead 10 of the floating support (Fig. 4), then from the crosshead 10 the forces are transmitted to the longitudinal U-shaped guide 9, from it with a cross 13 and an axis 8 forces are transmitted to brackets 7, springs 6, hubs 5 springs, axles 3 and 4 of balancers, brackets 2 and side members 1 of the car frame.

When hitting an obstacle of both wheels of the same bridge (Fig. 1), the force from the bridge 11 through the lateral planes and arc surfaces of the fixed support of the bridge 11 is transmitted from the axles 8 and crosses 13 to the longitudinal U-shaped guide 14; and from the floating support of the bridge 11 to the crosshead 10 and to the longitudinal U-shaped guide 9. From the longitudinal guides 9 and 14, the forces are transmitted by the cross 13 and axis 8 to the brackets 7, springs 6, hubs 5 springs, axles 3 and 4 of the balancers, brackets 2 axles of balancers and side members of 1 car frame. When the front axle 11 is vertically moved, the springs 6 rest on the brackets 7, the guides 9 and 13 of the rear axle 11 and its wheels 15, while the hubs 5 of the springs 6 rotate on the axles 3 and 4 of the balancers, raising the axles of the balancers, the brackets 2, the frame side members 1 on the value is half the height of the obstacle without taking into account the elastic deformation of the springs.

The lateral rolls of the bridges 11 relative to the frame 1 do not cause the sheets of springs 6 to twist, the lateral planes and the arc surfaces of the guides 9 and 14 reduce the specific loads at the contact points, the longitudinal movements of the bridges in the floating crosshead supports and other friction units contribute to damping the vibrations, which increases the durability of the vehicle .

Designations

1 - frame side members;

2 - brackets of axles of balancers;

3 - the upper axis of the balancers;

4 - the lower axis of the balancers;

5 - a nave of a spring;

6 - spring balancer;

7 - spring bracket;

8 - axis of the spring tip;

9 - longitudinal U-shaped guide of the floating support of the bridge;

10 - crosshead with an arc upper surface of the floating support of the bridge;

11 - beam of the driving bridge;

12 - semi-axis;

13 - a crosspiece of the hinge;

14 is a longitudinal U-shaped guide with an arc surface of a fixed bridge support;

15 - wheels.

Claims (1)

A balancing suspension containing two balanced springs on each side of the vehicle, the ends of which are mounted in brackets connected to the bridges, one bracket has a swing support fixed relative to the bridge, the second bracket is interconnected with a swing support floating along the bridge, characterized in that in the brackets of the springs swing joints with longitudinal U-shaped guides are installed, the lower hinges are made in the form of crosses, inside these guides there are bridge beams, in one of them a bridge beam with fixed on the rocking support, the other - axle mounted in crosshead, which is fixed to the swing support.

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