RU2605333C2 - Method of cows selection for machine milking - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machine milking of cows. Selection of cows for machine milking comprises calculating of udder index and selection by optimal value. Performing two-staged selective selection of first lactation cows by machine milking technology optimum requirements for morphofunctional udder properties. Preliminary selection is performed by udder properties morphological parameters, determined during exterior evaluation of cows. Final selection is performed by of udder functional properties, milk yield rate, single and daily milk yield, by data obtained during cows milking by milker robot. Cow udder main morphofunctional properties distribution density area in range of standard deviation from average corresponds to machine milking technology optimum requirements.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of cows machine milking technology.

1 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry and can be used for the selection of dairy cows for machine milking, in particular for robotic milking technology.

On dairy farms and complexes, depending on the method of keeping cows, the availability of milking equipment, various technology and organization of machine milking can be applied. At present, two forms of organization of machine milking of cows have spread on farms and complexes:

- at stall keeping - milking into the milk line with ADSN milking installations;

- with loose housing - milking in milking parlors and robotic technologies.

Moreover, the suitability of cows for milking is determined by the requirements for the morphofunctional properties of the udder [1]:

1. Form of udder: the most typical and suitable for machine milking is a bath-like and bowl-shaped. A good udder should be symmetrical and when viewed, look as if it were cohesive, with evenly developed quarters.

2. Nipple shape: most cylindrical, conical.

3. The size of the nipples: the optimal length of the nipple for machine milking should be at least 5 and not more than 9 cm; the diameter of the nipple is not less than 2 and not more than 3.2 cm; the distance between the front nipples is not less than 6 and not more than 20 cm; back - not less than 6 and not more than 14 cm; the distance from the lower border of the nipple to the floor level is not less than 45 and not more than 65 cm.

4. Attaching the udder: most preferably dense - not sagging.

5. The capacity of the udder, determined by the ability of the cow to accumulate and freely hold milk for 10-12 hours. This makes it possible to milk cows 2 times a day with any productivity.

6. The uniform development of the shares of the udder. It is determined by the amount of milk milked from each quarter of the udder by a separate quarter extrusion apparatus. An ideal udder is when every quarter of the udder gives 25% milk yield. A quantitative indicator of the uniform development of the udder shares is the index. For machine milking, it is desirable that the udder index is at least 40%.

7. The intensity of milk yield, determined by the mass of milk received per day or for one of the milks. Good milking productivity: 3-5 min with a milk yield of 2-2.5 kg / min. Both low and high milk flow rates (greater than 3.5 kg / min) are undesirable.

8. Residual milk or completeness of extradition. By this we mean the amount of milk that is not milked by the milking machine, which is determined using manual milking. If more than 300 ml of milk remains in the udder of a cow after machine milking, then it is transferred to the group with manual milking.

In these requirements, all indicators are set as desired. Therefore, among the selected ones there may be cows with both minimum and maximum acceptable indicators of the requirements for the morphofunctional properties of the udder, which reduces the selection of cows that meet the optimal requirements of machine milking technology and its effectiveness.

In [2], a method for selecting cows for machine milking by the optimal values of the udder index of first-calf cows was described.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of indicators of morphofunctional properties of the udder, reflecting the shape, size of the nipples, as well as the rate of milk flow and others. The lack of these data does not allow the selection of cows for machine milking, taking into account all the morphological and functional indicators that meet the optimal requirements of machine milking technology.

The aim of the invention is to increase the selection of selection and the effectiveness of the technology of machine milking cows.

The essence of the proposed method is reduced to a two-stage selective selection of cows of the first lactation according to the optimal requirements of machine milking technology for the morphofunctional properties of the udder - preliminary according to the morphological indicators of the properties of the udder, determined during the exterior assessment of the cows, and final according to the functional properties of the udder - milk flow rate, one-time and daily milk yield, according to certain data using a milkmaid robot.

The optimal values of the requirements of machine milking technology correspond to the range of morphofunctional properties of the udder of cows of the first lactation within the standard deviation of the parameters from the average.

In FIG. Figures 1-14 show the distribution density graphs of the main morphofunctional properties of the udder of cows determined during the exterior assessment of cows - the morphological properties of the udder, and the functional properties of the udder determined during milking by VMS milking robots.

The analysis shows that from 34 to 73 percent of the cows examined correspond to the optimal requirements of machine milking technology according to the morphological properties of the udder, and from 48 to 66 percent according to the functional properties.

Thus, the selection of cows according to the optimal requirements of machine milking technology for the morphofunctional properties of the udder is an important and necessary condition for breeding and increasing the efficiency of machine milking.

Information sources

1. Eremin A.G. Zootechnical substantiation of the choice of milking machines. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1973, 112 p .; Kartashov L.P., Kuranov Yu.F. Milking cows. - M.: Higher School, 1980, 223 p.

2. Patent RU No. 2490887.

3. Patent RU No. 2497358.

Claims (1)

A method of selecting cows for machine milking, including calculating the udder index and selecting according to the optimal indicator, characterized in that a two-stage selective selection of cows of the first lactation according to the optimal requirements of the machine milking technology for the morphofunctional properties of the udder is carried out - preliminary according to the morphological indicators of the properties of the udder, determined during the exterior assessment cows, and the final udder according to the functional properties - milk flow rate, one-time and daily milk yield, according to data obtained during milking cows robot milker, indicators which are in the density distribution of the main morphofunctional properties cows udder in standard deviation from the average range and correspond to the optimum requirements of milking technology.

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