RU2603651C1 - Caliber shell of ammunition to weapon with curved barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military area, in particular, to ammunition, mainly of up to caliber 12, to a gun with a barrel having a significant curvature. Caliber (D) composite shell of the ammunition to the gun with a curved barrel comprises interconnected, arranged in series to allow a mutual back turn striking elements (2, 3, 4) in the amount N of not less than two, in the form of caliber rotation bodies with a rounded ogival part of head element (2). All striking elements (2, 3, 4) are made hemispherical-convex in the front (radius +R), at least the first N-1 of the striking elements are additionally made hemispherical-concave in the rear (radius -R) forming equidistant in pairs coupled hemispherical surfaces. There is a number of additional structural features. Provided is expansion of technical and operational capabilities of the shell with its adaptation to the gun with a significant curvature of the barrel, lower cost of the shell due to unification, simplified conditions and technology of fast formation of the shell with whatever location of the center of gravity along its axis and/or striking properties. Reduced are energy losses, wear of the barrel and the probability of the shell jamming in the barrel.

EFFECT: higher reliability and durability of the weapon, as well as safety in use.

11 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the military field, in particular to ammunition, mainly up to 12 gauge, to weapons with a barrel that has or can have significant (noticeable) curvature.

The curved trunks of small arms are most “convex” represented in the “exotic”, but nonetheless quite developed, with a rich history, arms segment - weapons for firing from behind cover (from around the corner, from the trench, from the trench, from the hatch of an armored car, etc.) [Semyon Fedoseev. Curve tip // Internet resource: http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/7869/].

Obviously, with a significant (visible) curvature of the barrel of a bullet (bullet) or other (for example, artillery) shell when moving along a curved section of the barrel, it obviously does not create problems, perhaps only if they are spherical (round hunting bullet or tandem of round bullets) , high elasticity (traumatic rubber bullet) and subcalibration with placement in a flexible container. In other cases, the cylindrical section of the gauge hard shell "does not fit" into the radius of curvature of the barrel and causes great resistance and loads on the barrel and the shell itself, up to jamming in this section.

An example of an “unproblematic” cartridge is a hunting cartridge with a tandem of identical round-shaped round round bullets (in a container) (“Tandem-SG bullet”) [RU 2101671 C1, F42B 30/02, 01/10/1998].

In a form adapted to the status of an analogue in a comparative assessment, such a projectile can be characterized by the following set of essential design features:

A bullet projectile of ammunition for a long-barreled weapon, containing sequentially installed, with the possibility of reversible mutual rotation, identical striking elements in the form of bodies of revolution with hemispherical, of the same radius of curvature, the front convex and rear parts, while the striking elements are made caliber, and their rear parts (of course for balls) - also spherically convex, while the damaging elements are installed in the munition gaplessly only at one common point of contact.

Such a bullet projectile has the disadvantages characteristic of spherical tandems, including the disadvantageous arrangement density in the cartridge and in the barrel.

One of the analogues of the claimed invention is a projectile containing a body made of integral parts of different masses [SU 1799458 A3, publ. 1993]. However, it was soon improved, with the expansion of the functionality of small arms (see the next paragraph).

Closest to the claimed invention in terms of purpose and a set of structural features (prototype) is a caliber composite projectile (in particular, a bullet) of an ammunition for weapons with a curved barrel ("Shell design LN Burkova"), containing interconnected sequentially installed, with the possibility of reversible rotation, striking elements in the form of gauge bodies of revolution, with a rounded animated part of the head element [RU 2306521 C2, F42B 12/02, F42B 30/02, F42B 7/10, 09/20/2007].

In it, all the striking elements, except the head one, are made cylindrical, with flat front and rear ends, with the formation of parallel pairwise paired flat surfaces. The back of the head element is also flat.

According to additional features (from the formula or from the drawings), all the striking elements are made with sharp fillets of peripheral sharp edges, with cylindrical sections of different lengths. Moreover, all the striking elements are unequal in length with a material of the same density. In addition, the mentioned relationship is provided by a compliant ("spring") rod ("axis") of square cross-section, fixed in front and behind the projectile and providing an interference fit in the composite structure, with the possibility of force bending of the latter on curved sections of the barrel.

This allows in the passive mode to "adapt" to the bending of the barrel without jamming, thanks to the pliable rod ("spring axis") and the autonomy of the parts allows the projectile to bend, which "will increase the combat efficiency of the weapon."

However, despite the positive properties of the prototype, its technical and operational capabilities are still limited due to insufficient design perfection.

If for small radii of curvature of the barrel (and the prototype is just designed for such cases - either to compensate for operational curvatures, or, as a rule, for weapons with controlled curvature of the barrel or one of the paired trunks), the patented design features can be considered sufficient (acceptable), then with a more significant curvature of the barrel (see, in particular, “curved” trunks in the review of analogues), the resistance to projectile movement at the stage of internal ballistics and the resulting transverse forces in the barrel, elements and elastic The connection (and, hence, stress) with longitudinal Coulomb friction can create serious problems, up to the likelihood of a projectile jamming in the barrel, which they initially tried to get rid of. The increased barrel wear is also preserved (with the consequent reduction in its service life), which is a function of the radius of curvature of the barrel. In addition, the uneven lengths of the elements do not meet the principle of maximum unification in technology, which increases the cost of such a composite projectile.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is aimed at expanding the technical and operational capabilities of the projectile with its adaptation to weapons with significant curvature of the barrel, reducing energy losses, barrel wear and the likelihood of jamming of the projectile in the barrel, which means increasing the reliability and durability of the weapon, probability save the life and health of the user.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the caliber composite projectile of the ammunition for weapons with a curved barrel containing interconnected, sequentially installed, with the possibility of reversible mutual rotation of the striking elements in the amount of N at least two, in the form of caliber bodies of revolution, with a rounded animated part of the head element, all damaging elements are hemispherically convex in front, at least the first N-1 damaging elements are additionally hemispherically concave and equidistant in pairs to form a conjugate hemispherical surfaces.

The technical result is also achieved due to additional design features (when formulated above the main set of features):

- at least the first N-1 of the striking elements can be made with rounding of peripheral sharp edges (this reduces both the resistance with stresses due to the shortening of the rounding of the cylindrical sections of the elements and the wear of the barrel, reduces the likelihood of jamming of the element, and therefore the entire projectile, expands the freedom of mutual rotation of elements on the curved sections of the trunk);

- with the previous set of features, at least the first N-1 of the striking elements can be performed without cylindrical sections - with a direct transition of a hemispherically convex surface to the rounding surface (this further enhances the additional positive effect described in the previous paragraph due to zeroing the lengths of the cylindrical sections, in any case, with the exception of the latter - while maintaining its greater stability as the closing link of the "garland" under the influence of powder gases on it);

- at least the first N-1 of the striking elements can be made identical, at least stereometrically (this not only significantly reduces the cost of the composite projectile due to the implementation of the principle of unification in the application to the constituent elements of the projectile, but also levels the working conditions, at least , these N-1 elements in the curved sections of the bore);

- with the previous set of features, the last - the tail striking element - can be made with a flat rear surface (this in a particular case can provide the given dynamics and the effects of powder or other gases on the projectile, internal and external ballistics, as well as favorable conditions for embedding -filling the tail recess with a rear retainer for flexible communication);

- with the third of the listed additional sets of features, all of the striking elements can be made identical, at least stereometrically (this is even more than the number N-1, reduces the cost of the projectile by implementing the principle of unification in the application to the constituent elements of the projectile and levels working conditions on the curve sections of the bore);

- with the third of the listed additional sets of features, the damaging elements can be made of material with the same density (this is the maximum implementation of the principle of unification and, therefore, determines the minimum cost of the projectile);

- with the third of the listed additional sets of features, the damaging elements can be made of material with different density, while the distribution of the sequence of elements according to their density in the projectile corresponds to a given position of the center of mass of the projectile as a whole and the density of the first element that is most acceptable for the damaging effect (this extends combinatorics, varying both the position of the center of mass of the projectile and its striking properties when interacting with an obstacle-target);

- the mentioned relationship can be provided by a flexible connection laid along the communicating longitudinal axial channels provided in the striking elements, and fixed in front and behind the projectile, connecting the striking elements to each other in a flexible garland (this allows one to some extent to save the requirement of at least a temporary relationship damaging elements - to the stage of external ballistics and / or interaction with an obstacle / target - and at the same time facilitate relative freedom of mutual rotation of the damaging elements on the curves ah bore);

- with the penultimate set of features, a flexible connection can be made with a round cross section and a diameter smaller than the diameter of the channels (this not only improves the deformation conditions and the symmetry of the friction loads in the structure, making them symmetrical in cross sections, but also significantly reduces the cost of the flexible connection option due to the greater adaptability of the axis-hole system);

- damaging elements can only be interconnected by pressing each other and the cylindrical wall of the cartridge case (this is the structurally simplest and cheapest version of the projectile, designed for "cluster" use - with a trivial separation-spread of the damaging elements).

Among the known devices were not found those whose combination of essential features would coincide with the declared one. At the same time, it is due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved.

In more detail the essence of the invention is disclosed in the following implementation examples and is illustrated by the drawings, which show:

in FIG. 1 - a composite (of damaging elements) bullet projectile with cylindrical and / or hemispherical (generalization of particular designs according to the following drawings) peripheral surface sections and flexible coupling, longitudinal section, where D is the caliber of the projectile / barrel of the weapon; R is the radius of the hemispherical surfaces of the striking elements in the composition of the projectile (+ R is the bulge, -R is the concavity, forming a recess in the body of the element); l is the length of the cylindrical section of the surface of the striking element; d ₀ - the diameter of the longitudinal channels in the striking elements; d _gc is the diameter of the flexible connection uniting all the striking elements into a “garland” - a projectile; the dotted line shows a sub-variant with a flat bottom of the shell; N is the number of missile elements in a composite projectile;

in FIG. 2 - a striking element in a longitudinal section, a special case with a pronounced cylindrical section (tail section);

in FIG. 3 - a striking element in a longitudinal section, a special case with a pronounced cylindrical section, shortened by rounding, where r is the radius of rounding;

in FIG. 4 - a striking element in a longitudinal section, a special case with pronounced rounding of the tail section and a weakly expressed (or nullified - “zero”) cylindrical section;

in FIG. 5 is a composite (of the striking elements) bullet shell of the striking elements in FIG. 4, without flexible connection, a longitudinal section;

in FIG. 6 is a diagram of the movement of a projectile with flexible coupling along a curved barrel of a weapon, where R ₀ is the radius of curvature of the axis of the barrel; p is the pressure of the powder or other gases pushing the projectile;

in FIG. 7 is a diagram of the movement of the projectile without flexible connection along a curved barrel.

Caliber (caliber D) composite projectile of ammunition for weapons with a curved barrel 1 (see Fig. 6, 7) contains sequentially installed (see Fig. 1, 5) striking elements in an amount of N at least two (in the examples N = 3 - designated 2, 3, 4), in the form of gauge (diameter D) bodies of revolution, with a rounded, in this case hemispherical (radius + R = D / 2) animated part of the head element 2.

All striking elements (2-4) are hemispherically convex in front (radius + R = D / 2). At least the first N-1 of the striking elements (in the above examples, at least 2 and 3, and in the general case all three - 2, 3 and 4) are additionally hemispherically concave at the rear (radius -R = D / 2), s the formation of samples in their bodies and equidistant pairwise conjugate hemispherical surfaces (see Fig. 1-5).

Thus, the kinematic possibility of reversible mutual rotation of the elements 2-4 in the range of sufficiently large solid angles corresponding to the radius R _{0 of the} curvature of the axis of the barrel 1 is provided, and without their axial displacement and the formation of gaps (see Fig. 6, 7).

A further description of the claimed device covers the rational (recommended under certain conditions) special cases of the device, characterized by additional design features in addition to the main ones discussed above.

So, at least the first N-1 of the striking elements (in the above examples - at least 2 and 3, and in the general case all three - 2, 3 and 4) can be performed as with a sharp trailing (tail) edge (see Fig. 2), and with a rounding of the radius r of the peripheral sharp edge, while maintaining, but in a "truncated" (expressed or slightly expressed) form, a cylindrical section (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4-7 provided l ≠ 0) .

In another particular case, at least the first N-1 of the striking elements can be made completely without cylindrical sections lc by direct transition of a hemispherical-convex surface with radius + R = D / 2 to a fillet surface with radius r (see Fig. 4- 7 under the condition l = 0).

A functionally and technologically special case is especially rational provided that r = R (see Fig. 4).

At least the first N-1 damaging elements (and in the general case, all elements 2-4) can be made identical, at least stereometrically (see Figs. 1, 5-7).

The latter - the tail striker 4 - can be made with a flat rear surface (-R = ^∞ ), which in FIG. 1, 5 are shown by a dotted line.

The striking elements 2-4 can be made of material either with the same density (as one option) or with unequal density (another special case). In the second case, the distribution of the sequence of elements 2-4 according to their density in the projectile corresponds to a given position of the center of mass of the projectile as a whole and the maximum allowable, in terms of the damaging effect, density of the first element 2.

The interconnection of the striking elements 2-4 is provided (as one of the special cases) by a flexible coupling 5, laid along the communicating longitudinal axial channels 6, 7, 8, provided in the striking elements 2, 3, 4, respectively, and fixed in front (axial lock 9) and rear (axial lock 10) of the projectile, connecting the striking elements 2-4 with each other in a flexible "garland".

In this case, a flexible connection 6-8 should be made with a circular cross-section and a diameter of d _g less than the diameter d _{0 of the} channels: d _g c <d ₀ , by an amount sufficient for freedom of mutual rotation of elements 2-4 in a given range.

As an alternative constructive special case, the striking elements 2-4 can only be interconnected by pressing against each other and the cylindrical wall of the cartridge case (in accordance with the cartridge equipment density).

The described example of a specific design with specified variations (special cases) does not exclude other possible private constructs within the claimed combination of essential structural features of the device (see the claims).

The operation of the inventive device is that when moving under the influence of pressure p of powder or other gases (for example, compressed air or CO ₂ ) along a curved section of the channel of the barrel 1 of the weapon (with an average curvature characterized by a radius R _{0 of} bending of the longitudinal axis of the barrel 1) shell - the "garland" is automatically bent, and also with an average radius equal to R ₀ , "adapting" in the "stereometry curve" at the stage of internal ballistics. At the same time, each of the striking elements 2-4 rotates relative to the neighboring (neighboring) “garland” system without moving away from each other, with the gapless contacts in hemispherical interfaces, like spherical bearings, within the freedom of deformation of flexible connection 5 in a broken compound channel 6-8 (see Fig. 1, 6). In the particular case (example) without flexible connection 5 according to FIG. 5, 7) deformations and an increase in friction are very insignificant and proportional to the length l of the cylindrical sections of elements 2-4, which are chords that contract the overlapping arcs of the surface of the bore 1 in a longitudinal section. The minimum resistance, as well as the possible bending radius of the projectile, takes place in the embodiment of FIG. 4. The preservation of the cylindrical, albeit slightly pronounced, part of the last element 4 (l ≠ = 0) with the “non-cylindricality” of the remaining elements 2, 3 (l = 0) contributes to centering and stability of the projectile in the bore 1.

Other features of the work are obvious to specialists from the above illustrations.

The use of the claimed invention, thus, allows to expand the technical and operational capabilities of the projectile with its adaptation to weapons with significant curvature of the barrel, reduce the cost of the projectile due to unification, simplify the conditions and technology for the operational formation of the projectile with one or another arrangement of the center of mass along its axis and / or damaging properties, reduce energy losses, barrel wear and the likelihood of jamming a projectile in the barrel, which means to increase the reliability and durability of the weapon, the probability of preservation eniya life and health of the user.

Claims (11)

1. Caliber composite projectile ammunition with a curved barrel, containing interconnected, sequentially installed, with the possibility of reversible mutual rotation of the striking elements in an amount of N at least two, in the form of caliber bodies of revolution, with a rounded animated part of the head element, characterized in that all damaging elements are hemispherically convex in front, at least the first N-1 damaging elements are additionally hemispherically concave in back, with the formation of equidistant pairs conjugate hemispherical surfaces. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the first N-1 of the striking elements are made with rounding of peripheral sharp edges. 3. The projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that at least the first N-1 of the striking elements are made without cylindrical sections — with a direct transition of a hemispherical-convex surface to the rounding surface. 4. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the first N-1 of the striking elements are made identical, at least stereometrically. 5. The projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that the last tail striking element is made with a flat rear surface. 6. The projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that all the striking elements are made identical, at least stereometrically. 7. The projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that the striking elements are made of material with the same density. 8. The projectile according to claim 4, characterized in that the striking elements are made of material with different densities, while the distribution of the sequence of elements according to their density in the projectile corresponds to a predetermined position of the center of mass of the projectile as a whole and the density of the first element that is most admissible in the damaging effect. 9. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that said interconnection is provided with a flexible connection laid along the communicating longitudinal axial channels provided in the striking elements and fixed in front and behind the projectile, connecting the striking elements together in a flexible garland. 10. The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the flexible connection is made with a circular cross section and a diameter smaller than the diameter of the channels. 11. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the striking elements are interconnected only by pressing against each other and the cylindrical wall of the cartridge case.

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