RU2601924C2 - Method for guaranteed fire prevention from low-capacity fires and automation system for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: method is realised by a set of technical means, equipped with addressing and qualified by corresponding calculations on given criteria of guaranteed detection of low-capacity fire sources and guaranteed extinguishment, connected to each other and forming a system, operating in automatic mode according to a given program of guaranteed fire prevention. Technical means, which form a automation system are represented by signaling devices, recording gradients emitted by a fire source, addressed and topologically arranged at the specified area of the room by calculations. Qualified signals from the signaling devices are transmitted to a reception-control device, which, according to the received signals, sends command via the starting device to the respectively addressed extinguishment unit when firing. Reception-control device receives signals from the addressed signaling devices. In case of fire source extinguishment, the reception-control device restores the system in standby mode. If the signaling devices transmit signals on the extinguished fire source to the reception-control device, second command is sent to the standby extinguishing to supply extinguishing substance which is already expanded over the area of fire. Number of cycles is determined by a reception-control device program while developing a project, which meets the requirements of guaranteed fire prevention in given conditions.

EFFECT: disclosed is a method for providing fire safety of people due to application of various means and automation systems.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

A method of guaranteed prevention of fires from low-power tanning and an automation system for its implementation.

The invention relates to methods for ensuring fire safety of human life through the use of various means and automation systems designed to use the prevention of fires from low-power ignitions using fire automation systems.

From statistics it is known that the vast majority of fires, including those causing serious consequences and loss of life, arise from developing low-power tanning. From the thermophysics of the development of the source of tanning, it follows that there are no fires without tanning.

It has been proved that the transition time of tanning into a fire with damage is always sufficient to detect low-power tanning by appropriate means and successfully eliminate it by available means - by means - before it goes into fire.

Note that, to date, there is no method of guaranteed fire prevention through the use, for example, of a self-sufficient automation system endowed with the necessary set of functions that ensure guaranteed fire prevention with a calculated probability.

The only known widely used method, as it were, conditionally implied to prevent fires from low-power sunburns, is the method implemented using the so-called “fire alarm” and “fire automatics” systems, the mandatory use of which is prescribed by state regulatory documents, regulations and in almost all objects of human activity GOST

1. Federal law “Technical requirements. Regulation on fire safety requirements "No. 117-FZ as amended. dated July 10, 2012

2. The national standard "Technical means of fire automation" GOST 53325 ed. 2012 year

3. The code of rules SP513130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Norms and design rules. "

4. GOST 50775-05 "Alarm systems."

5. GOST 55776-95 “Alarm systems”, part 1. Section 4 “Design manual”.

6. GOST 12.4.009.

7. GOST 26342,

which technically, even by name, are not endowed with a prescription for guaranteed fire prevention, but are only able to give a signal with a certain probability not during a fire, but only during a fire, but even of unknown size, possibly when the entire room is on fire with people and even the so-called “fire automatics” "It is probably not able to extinguish such a fire, all the more so since it is not known what thermal power and burning area the detected fire. The signal received from the so-called fire detectors does not carry any information about the magnitude of the fire that needs to be extinguished, including the so-called “fire automatics”, since the detectors are placed arbitrarily on the protected area of the room, without the thermophysical calculations set forth in the monograph "Fire Prevention Automation" by Doctor of Technical Sciences Professor F. Sharovar, who provide optimization of the choice of detector types and optimization of their location in order to detect tanning and give them a signal at the smallest possible thermal power of the firing zone even when smoke is detected by smoke detectors formed by thermal decomposition of combustible material of the firing area, taking into account the known physical dependence smoke from the temperature of the source for various materials.

Thus, the widely used so-called “fire alarm” system without the so-called “fire automatics”, which occupies a dominant position as if by assumptions to increase the fire safety of people’s life due to the prevention of fires, has no qualification the probability of completing this task. As far as a signal of a fire of unknown magnitude received from the detectors, even a regular operator who received such a signal is simply not able to prescribe a method of eliminating a fire of unknown magnitude: perhaps you need to call a janitor with a fire extinguisher or call up powerful fire fighting equipment. And the situation is much more hopeless when the so-called "fire alarm" without a regular operator simply rings and blinks outside the guarded object, hoping to be accidentally heard. Perhaps this is better than nothing, but it has absolutely nothing to prevent fire or to the fire safety of people.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a method, as it were, for preventing fires using fire automatics, in which fire detectors when a fire occurs, rather than a fire, transmit information to the control panel, which sends a command to the fire extinguishing unit through the starting device to extinguish the substance for extinguishing fire of unknown magnitude. It remains unknown to anyone with what probability such a system will detect a fire and with what probability it will be extinguished during operation of such a system without elementary certification of its ability, as given in the book "Technical means of security and fire alarms", part 2, ed. "Pozhkniga", 2009, Baburov V.P.

The so-called “fire alarms” and “fire automatics” systems, with the help of which a well-known way of supposedly preventing fires from low-power fires, is implemented, they are built in accordance with the requirements of existing state standards, regulations and GOSTs, in which there are not even elementary requirements prescribing systems under construction “ fire alarm ”and“ fire automatics ”the ability to prevent fires from low-power tanning with at least some probability, despite the fact that they are as if for this intended. Therefore, the so-called "fire alarm" systems without automatic fire extinguishing are currently widely used as if conditionally to prevent fires and reduce the fire hazard of human life, but in fact this is a consumer fraud, as these systems are designed without violating existing state regulations and GOSTs , able to give a fire signal, it is not known what thermal power, perhaps tens of thousands of kilowatts from the burning of the entire protected object together with people. Here is such a technical result from the use of these systems used to implement the most widely used known unsuitable method for ensuring fire safety of people. The technical result of the so-called "fire alarm" systems without extinguishing automation, which currently dominate the application, as if to prevent fires, is limited to the name "fire alarm" - this is a fire alarm, and not a fire that always precedes a fire. This term “fire alarm” dominates in all regulatory documents, regulations and GOSTs in force in the field of fire safety, including through the use of these unsuitable and ineffective systems.

Existing state regulations and GOSTs in this area do not interfere with the implementation of such “fire alarm” systems that signal only when the entire room with people is on. Meanwhile, the customer of such “fire alarm” and “fire automatics” systems, introducing such systems at his facility, is absolutely sure that they will prevent the fire at a loss, for which he pays a lot of money (including from the state treasury), relying on to state regulations and GOSTs, as if they guarantee the prevention of a fire with losses, using these systems. It turns out that state regulations and state standards also deceive the state, which uses such systems at its facilities and any consumer of these systems. Consequently, the existing state regulations and GOSTs that regulate the design and use of the so-called “fire alarm” systems and also “fire automatics” do not provide any clear fire safety and require new technologies.

We specially note that in no state regulatory document that regulates the provision of fire safety for human life, the word "tanning" is always used, which always precedes any fire. Meanwhile, this word “tanning” in solving the problem of fighting fires should occupy a dominant value.

We affirm that there are no fires without sunbathing. This is a key and dominant concept for solving the problem of ensuring fire safety of human life.

As a result of experimental studies and theoretical calculations of the occurrence and development of a tanning center over time, it was established that “tanning” is a thermophysical process of the development of a low-power thermal center thermal center for some time, without causing any noticeable losses, before it goes into fire with at a loss.

It was established and for the first time that we proved that the transition time of a low-power tanning bed, which has not yet caused any noticeable loss for different conditions, is different, which can always be calculated according to the monograph of Professor F.I. Sharovara “Fire Prevention Automation”, but always this transition time is enough to successfully detect this low-power hotbed and successfully eliminate it in an appropriate way from the known.

The technical result to which this invention is directed is to prevent fires by early detection of a low-power tanning site, certified by thermophysical calculations for the amount of heat output and its extinguishing automation, calculated by the extinguishing efficiency by means of.

The technical result of the method is achieved through the use of a new class of fire-prevention automation systems, endowed with the ability to automatically adaptively control the occurrence of the maximum permissible heat output in a controlled room, which does not cause significant losses and the ability to automatically turn on the addressed extinguishing means of the detected source by a signal from detectors fire, endowed with the ability to automatically control the elimination of detected fire and the ability to automatically turn on the addressed standby extinguishing unit by the address signal from the addressed detectors through the control panel when the detected ignition of the first extinguishing start is not eliminated. Depending on the task and the corresponding program of functioning of the applied system of cycles of repetition of the inclusion of addressed extinguishing units, there may be several.

The basic block diagram (block diagram) of such a system is shown in Fig. one,

where 1 - addressed fire detectors (PI);

2 - multifunctional addressed control panel (PKP);

3 - addressed launching device (PU);

4 (1) - dosed addressed extinguishing unit (AT);

4 (n) - dosed reserve addressed extinguishing unit;

03 - foci of sunbathing;

The monitoring station is a central monitoring station.

in which PI detectors are used, certified by thermophysical calculations according to the criteria of the ability to guarantee detection of not a fire with losses, but a low-power tanning that does not cause any noticeable losses, taking into account their optimal placement, calculated by known methods in a particular room taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of combustible materials in this room, when triggered, from the gradient emitted by tanning, address and signal signals certified by the magnitude of tanning are transmitted over many an operational reception-control addressable device (PKP), which analyzes the address logic of the received certified certified heat output of the detected ignition, from the signal detectors issues the appropriate command to the addressable trigger device (PU) and transmits information to the central monitoring station and remote sirens, and the addressed trigger device in turn, transmits a command to turn on the addressed extinguishing unit (AT) of the detected addressed fire source at the stage of its thermal power not exceeding the set by the consumer, not causing significant losses, endowed with the ability in terms of productivity, resource and according to the known tables for calculating the extinguishing efficiency of various ignition centers known from the accepted signals certified by the value of thermal power from detectors of detected ignition of thermal power and combustion area, the operation of which feedback sends a signal to the receiving device about the execution of the command and when eliminating the source of ignition, the detectors are register they dig and transmit signals about it to the control panel, which puts the system into standby mode of operation and transmits this to the central monitoring station, and if the detectors address the signal to the control panel about not eliminating the detected fire when the first level fire extinguishing unit is turned on , then the control panel automatically issues a command to the starting device to turn on the reserve unit of dosed capacity at this address with the expansion of the coverage area of the combustion area. Such an increase in redundancy, as well as redundancy of other system units, is determined by calculating the probability of guaranteed fire prevention of a particular system in specific conditions, taking into account the requirements of the customer to achieve the required fire prevention guarantee, and if after switching on the backup dosed extinguishing unit, elimination of the detected ignition is not achieved, which is signaled detectors to the control panel, then it, in accordance with the program, transmits an alarm signal about the impossibility of extinguishing Nia detected deck via automation used for making other way eliminate deck by a known address.

The positive effect of the proposed method is achieved through the use of a new class of fire-prevention automation systems guaranteed fire prevention, endowed with new functions:

- automatic control of the possible occurrence of a sunburn, the thermal power of which should not exceed a predetermined maximum allowable, which has not yet caused any noticeable losses, using detectors. Types (thermal, smoke, flames) that are determined by thermophysical calculations according to a well-known method (monograph “Fire Preventive Automation”, author F. Sharovar, M., Special Informatics-SI, 2013, 550 pp), taking into account their sensitivity on one or another the gradient generated by the sunbathing area and placed on the protected area of the premises, so using calculations according to the well-known methodology described in the monograph “Fire Prevention Automation”, author F. Sharovar, M., Special Informatics, 550 pp., 2013 to be detected hot spot permissible (set) thermal power, thus providing a signal from the detectors containing information about the value of the thermal power of the detected ignition, supplied in such a content to the control panel, which already has reliable information about the value of the thermal power of the detected ignition, is addressed, issues a command in the form a code signal to the starting device for the address inclusion of the detected ignition addressed to the extinguishing unit, certified for the extinguishing agent’s efficiency, by lnosti resource and providing a guaranteed deck quenching with the calculated probability Pm (t).

- automatic control of switching on the tanning extinguishing unit at the command issued by the control panel by transmitting a special code signal generated by a conventional code-generating device from the extinguishing unit to the control panel in the form of feedback, acknowledging the execution of the command;

- automatic control of the reliability of extinguishing the detected tanning by using information from the detectors, which is constantly sent to the control panel, and if the fire is not eliminated, the control panel for the second time issues a command to turn on the standby unit of the extinguishing unit with the presence of the extinguishing feed with coverage of the extended coverage area ; the number of extinguishing switching cycles is provided for by the control panel program taking into account the preliminary forecast of the development of the hot spot in specific conditions and the reliability of all operations of the system;

- automatic transmission of encoded signals by the control panel to a central monitoring station about eliminating the occurrence of a fire or about the impossibility of eliminating a detected fire by the available resources to make a decision to extinguish a fire of already greater thermal power in other ways, and

To calculate the guaranteed prevention of fires from low-power ignitions using the proposed fire prevention system that implements the proposed method, a formula is proposed in the form of the probability of fulfilling the specified function of preventing fire from low-power tanning:

Rpp (t) = Robn (t) × Rpkp (t) × Rpu (t) × Rat (t) × Rlk (t),

where Rpp (t) is the probability of guaranteed fire prevention;

Robn (t) is the probability of detecting a hot spot of a given maximum allowable thermal power;

Rpkp (t) - the probability of failure-free operation of the control panel;

RPU (t) is the probability of failure of the starting device;

Rat (t) - the probability of failure of the extinguishing unit;

The same indicator Rpp (t) is an indicator of the customer’s risk of “not burning out” when introducing any execution of the system.

Certification of the probability of guaranteed detection of the sunburn P _obn (t) taking into account the reliability of the group of detectors:

Robn (t) = Pu (t) × Pur (t),

where Pur (t) is the probability of failure-free operation of the group of detectors (for the case of using the group of detectors under specified conditions, taking into account their connection diagram);

Pu (t) - the probability of failure of the detector.

The final result of the real effectiveness of the fire prevention system with certification of guaranteed fire prevention is estimated by the formula:

W = C / E

where C is the generalized result from the implementation of the system;

E - generalized costs to achieve the final result.

The consumer receives comprehensive information for deciding the appropriateness of using one or another system, in contrast to the method implemented in the construction of the so-called "fire alarm" and "fire automatics" systems, based on the assumption that they can prevent a fire and, moreover, are not endowed with the ability to do this. a conditional guarantee.

Implementation of the proposed method using a new first introduced class of fire prevention automatic fire prevention guaranteed fire prevention systems will be a breakthrough in the field of ensuring fire safety of people’s life, will reduce the loss of life in fires, and reduce multimillion-dollar direct and indirect losses.

Claims (7)

1. A method of guaranteed fire prevention with the help of a new class of fire prevention systems, in which addressed detectors transmit information to a multifunctional control panel when a fire occurs, which sends a command to the fire extinguishing unit through the starting device to turn on the extinguishing agent at a given address, characterized in that with the aim of empowering the detectors with the ability to give out signals certified by the magnitude of the thermal power of the detected ignition, and x the optimal choice of those reacting to smoke, or temperature, or an open flame and their optimal placement in a particular room is carried out by thermophysical calculations, and not arbitrarily and which take into account the thermophysical characteristics of combustible materials in this room, the sensitivity of the detector detectors taking into account the requirements of guaranteed detection a source of ignition, the thermal power of which should not exceed the system set by the customer at such a stage of development of the source of ignition, so that its transition time at a loss, it remained sufficient in an affordable and sufficient way to eliminate it, including more automatically with a rapid increase in thermal power and combustion area, and a multifunctional addressable receiving and control device that receives addressable and certified signals that are certified in terms of the thermal power of the detected ignition is capable of analyze the logic of the arrival of these signals, sends an addressed command to the addressed trigger device to enable the addressed and certified by the ability to extinguish the known magnitude of the detected tanning of the tanning unit and transmits information to a central monitoring station and to external sirens, and the quenching unit due to feedback gives a signal-receipt of its operation to the control panel, and if the detectors notify the control panel device to eliminate tanning, then he puts the system into standby mode with his team, and if detectors give signals to the control panel that the tanning is not eliminated, then the control panel The fire extinguishing device sends a command to the launcher again to turn on the back-up dosed extinguishing unit with the expansion of the coverage area of the extinguishing agent and the extinguishing unit gives a signal-receipt to the control panel about its operation, and if the detectors continue to give address signals to the control panel about elimination of tanning, in accordance with the program, the control panel carries out the next cycle taking into account the program or issues information to a central monitoring station information about the inability to eliminate the detected and developing ignition for deciding to assign an exhaustive method from among the known ones, and as a result, the guaranteed fire prevention is calculated taking into account the reliability of the component blocks of systems, the numerical values of which are given in their passports. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it is implemented using a new class of fire alarm systems containing targeted detectors of various types (heat, smoke, flame), optimization of the choice of type from known types, optimization of the choice of quantity for this room and their optimization placement on a given area of the room is carried out by thermophysical calculations, in which their sensitivity is taken into account, taking into account the main criterion: to detect a hot spot, the thermal power of which should not exceed set with the issuance of a signal certified by thermal power of detected tanning to a control panel containing information about tanning detection, whose thermal power does not exceed the set value, to eliminate this tanning by the extinguishing ability calculated by the module of the extinguishing unit. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the multifunctional control panel is endowed with the ability to analyze the received address signals certified by the value of thermal power from detectors of detected ignition and generate and transmit the addressed command through the addressed trigger device to the addressed fire extinguishing unit for the inclusion of a module dosed by the ability to extinguish the tanning known for thermal power, as well as transmit signals to external sirens and to the central monitoring station, and also to receive a response-receipt from the extinguishing unit about turning on the dosed supply module for extinguishing agents and when eliminating a detected fire source, confirmed by address signals to the control panel, the latter sends this information to its consumers and puts the system on duty standby mode, and if the detectors transmit signals to the control panel about not eliminating the ignition by the second cycle, then in accordance with the program the control panel will transmit t command to work on the third cycle or transmits an encoded signal to the duty center for central monitoring of the impossibility of eliminating tanning in automatic mode to adopt another extinguishing method, the likelihood of not eliminating tanning in automatic mode to adopt another extinguishing method. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that a fire extinguishing unit is used in the fire prevention system, containing in its arsenal of n modules dosed by calculations the ability to extinguish tanning, known by thermal power from certified signals received from the addressed detectors by a control panel, which increases the guarantee of elimination of actually detected ignition of known thermal power. 5. A fire prevention automation system for implementing the method of guaranteed prevention of fires from low-power ignitions, comprising addressed detectors designed to transmit information about the occurrence of a fire to a multi-function receiving and control device associated with a starting device for transmitting a command to the extinguishing unit to turn on the extinguishing agent at a given address, characterized in that in order to ensure the possibility of the issuance by the detectors of signals certified in terms of thermal the power of detectable ignition, these detectors are selected from those that respond to smoke, or temperature, or an open flame and are placed in a particular room, is carried out according to thermophysical calculations, which take into account the thermophysical characteristics of combustible materials in the given room, the sensitivity of the detectors and the requirements for guaranteed detection of the source of ignition, whose thermal power should not exceed the set at such a stage of development of the source of ignition, so that the time of its transition to the fire at a loss it remained sufficient for its elimination by available means, including automatic, with a rapid increase in thermal power and burning area, while the multifunctional addressable receiving and control device that receives the address signals certified by the magnitude of the thermal power of the detected ignition is configured to analyze the logic of the arrival of these signals and submitting the addressed command to the addressed starting device for switching on the addressed and certified extinguishing ability lime of the magnitude of the ignition of the fire extinguishing unit, as well as the transmission of information to a central monitoring station and to external sirens, the fire extinguishing unit is connected via a feedback channel to a multifunctional addressable receiving and control device for transmitting to the latter a receipt signal about its operation when a fire occurs, the multifunctional the control panel is configured to issue a command to put the system into standby mode if the detectors notify of the liquidation of the injuring, re-issuing a command to the starting device to turn on the back-up extinguishing extinguishing unit with expanding the coverage area of the extinguishing agent if ignition is not eliminated, and issuing a command to carry out the subsequent extinguishing extinguishing cycle or transmitting information to the central monitoring station about the inability to eliminate detected and developing ignition, if the ignition could not be eliminated after the aforementioned inclusion of the backup dosed extinguishing unit. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that a tanning extinguishing unit is used, comprising n modules of dosed extinguishing agent in its arsenal, which is determined by calculation with the possibility of extinguishing fires known by thermal power from certified signals received from addressable detectors the control device, endowed with the ability to transmit to the control panel the signal-receipt of its execution of the command from the starting device to turn on the extinguishing agent. 7. The system according to p. 5, characterized in that a starting device is used, endowed with address selection to receive addressed coded commands from a control panel and to supply a coded address command to the addressed extinguishing unit module by resource and ability to extinguish the detected ignition, known by thermal power and address of its localization.

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