RU2601744C1 - Combined method of producing high-viscosity marine fuel and oil coke - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel.

SUBSTANCE: invention discloses combined method of producing high-viscosity marine fuel and oil coke, including application of light and heavy gas oils of coking, characterized by that during oil refining vacuum gas oil fraction is extracted, 95 % of which boils away in range of 350-500 °C, and tar-fraction boiling away at temperature above 500 °C, wherein catalytic cracking with extraction of heavy gas oil fraction from 180 to 400 °C is made for vacuum gas oil fraction from 350 to 500 °C, which is preliminarily hydrotreated, visbreaking - tar with extraction of visbreaking-residue, and delayed coking - mixture of tar and heavy gas oil of catalytic cracking, taken in weight ratio of 70-90:10-30, with extraction of light gas oil of delayed coking of 180-360 °C from reaction products and oil electrode coke with subsequent blending of visbreaking-residue (VR) and light gas oil of delayed coking (LGDC) from 180 to 360 °C to obtain high-viscosity marine fuel, taken in weight ratio: Visbreaking-residue 10-70, Light gas oil of delayed coking 30-90.

EFFECT: technical result consists in production of low-sulphur high-viscosity marine fuel and oil electrode coke of high quality with low content of sulphur and vanadium for electrode industry.

1 cl, 3 dwg, 9 ex

Description

The invention relates to the oil refining industry and combined methods for producing fuels for marine engines and oil electrode coke by the processes of delayed coking and visbreaking of heavy oil residues.

High-viscosity marine fuel is known (RF patent No. 1672731, publ. 05/10/1995) on the basis of straight-run tar and fuel oil, as well as residues and distillates of secondary processes of deep oil refining (catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, or visbreaking, or coking, as well deasphalting) taken in the ratio, wt.%:

Fuel oil 20-40 Catalytic cracking gas oil 5-20 Fr. 180-500 ° C secondary processes and / or fr. 200-480 ° C cracking 5-15 Fr. 450 ° C - c.k. thermal process residue or fr. 520 ° C - c.k. deasphalting residue 20-60 Tar Up to 100

The disadvantage of production technology is the multicomponent used as components of products of thermal cracking, or visbreaking, or coking processes. The amount of heavy oil residues reaches 65-90%, including up to 20-40% of the potential raw material for the separation of light oil products - straight-run fuel oil, as well as the wide boiling range of 180-500 ° C of secondary distillates cause low stability of the fuel to phase separation during long-term storage and operation, incomplete combustion and poor environmental performance. The disadvantages of the known composition also include a high content of sulfur compounds (2.25-2.95%).

Marine fuel is known (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2155211, publ. 08.27.2000), which is obtained on the basis of the residual oil fraction - a mixture of straight-run fuel oil and semi-tar with the addition of diesel fuel, light catalytic cracking gas oil and depressant additives, hydrotreated diesel fuel, wide vacuum fraction 260-510 ° C or visbreaking semi-tar products and a wide vacuum fraction 260-510 ° C in the following mass ratio of components:

Half-tudron 5-30 Wide vacuum fraction 260-510 ° C or semi-tar visbreaking products and wide vacuum fraction 260-510 ° C Up to 25 Catalytic cracking light gas oil 20-25 Hydrotreated Diesel 15-40 Depressant additive Up to 0.05 Straight run fuel oil Up to 100

The disadvantage of this technology for the production of marine residual fuel is the addition of up to 15-40% of hydrotreated diesel fraction, which is scarce and used for the production of diesel fuels for ground equipment, diesel generators and diesel pumps and distillate marine fuels, as an obligatory component. Another drawback is the use of straight-run fuel oil, with undetected fractions of light oil products, in fact from 15 to 45%.

The known composition of high-viscosity marine fuel (RF patent No. 2084494, publ. 07/20/1997), containing: fuel oil, the remainder of the distillation of 200 ° C - K. a mixture of trap oil and sludge after a two-stage dehydration and a mixture of trap oil and sludge after a three-stage dehydration, taken in the following mass ratio of components:

The remainder of the distillation 200 ° C - since 12.5-25.0 A mixture of trap oil and sludge after three-stage dehydration 12.5-25.0 Fuel oil 50.0-75.0

The disadvantage of this composition of marine fuel is its low quality indicators, such as: pour point (3-7 ° C), poor fuel pumpability. The use of trapped petroleum products containing a significant amount of impurities, including vanadium, leads to high-temperature corrosion, as well as to a significant increase in ash content, the deposition of metal salts on the heating surfaces of boilers.

Known high-viscosity marine fuel for medium-speed and low-speed marine diesel engines (options) (RF patent No. 2079542, publ. 05/20/1997), which includes the use of hydrocarbon distillate fraction of direct distillation of oil 350-500 ° C and a depressant additive based on thermal cracking residue.

The disadvantage of the proposed composition of marine fuel is the use of thermal cracking residue as a depressant additive, which is not produced at modern refineries due to the lack of thermal cracking units, without which it is impossible to obtain marine high-viscosity fuel based on the direct distillation fraction of 350-500 ° C.

Known high-viscosity marine fuel (RF patent No. 2177979, publ. 10.01.2002), adopted as a prototype, based on tar and gas oil delayed coking. The process of obtaining marine fuel by a known method is as follows: pre-heated to 30-50 ° C, the fuel components are mixed with each other using a mechanical stirrer for 30-60 minutes Due to the processes of dissolution of resinous-asphaltic substances occurring during mixing, aromatic hydrocarbons form a stable finely divided colloidal system. The starting components are mixed in the following weight ratio (wt.%):

Light coking gas oil 20-40 Heavy coking gas oil 5-20 Selective Purification Extract 15-30 Polyalkylbenzene Resin 1-5 Tar Up to 100

The disadvantage of this technology is the high content of distillate fractions, the amount of which together with the extracts of the selective purification of oils reaches 40-90%. The limited amount of tar used makes it impossible to obtain high viscosity fuels of heavy grades. The high sulfur content in the fuel (1.91-2.00%) leads to an increase in emissions of its oxides during combustion into the atmosphere. The use of polyalkylbenzene resin (PAB), which is a by-product of petrochemical production, which is not available at large refineries, leads to a deterioration in the solubility of tar tar in distillates.

The technical result is to obtain a highly viscous marine fuel and oil electrode coke by the process of delayed coking of heavy oil residues.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that during atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil, a vacuum gas oil fraction is isolated, 95% of which boils from 350 to 500 ° C and tar is a fraction boiling above 500 ° C, while the gas gas fraction from 350 to 500 ° C, pre-subjected to catalytic hydrotreating, with the release of heavy catalytic cracked gas oil from 180 to 400 ° C, visbreaking - tar with the release of visbreaking residue, and delayed coking - a mixture of tar and heavy catalytic crack gas oil ha, taken in a mass ratio of 70-90: 10-30, with the separation from reaction products of light gas oil fractions from 180 to 360 ° C and heavy gas oil fractions from 360 to 450 ° C, as well as petroleum electrode coke - a solid product of compaction reactions and thermopolycondensation, and subsequent compounding of the visbreaking residue (BO) and light delayed coking gas oil (LGC) from 180 to 360 ° C to obtain marine high-viscosity fuel, taken in their mass ratio:

Visbreaking balance 10-70 Light delayed coking gas oil 30-90

By compounding the visbreaking residue (BO) and delayed coking heavy gas oil (TGZK) from 360 to 450 ° C, taken in their mass ratio, they obtain marine high-viscosity fuel:

Visbreaking balance 20-60 Heavy delayed coking gas oil 40-80

The method is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 - physico-chemical characteristics of the basic components of marine high-viscosity fuels according to the invention;

FIG. 2 - component composition and properties of marine highly viscous fuels according to the prototype and the present invention;

FIG. 3 - quality indicators of petroleum electrode coke according to the standards and the invention.

The method is as follows.

The oil at the ABT unit (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of a fraction of vacuum gas oil, 95% of which boils away within 180-360 ° C, tar is extracted - the residue of vacuum distillation of oil boiling above 500 ° C and subjected to a visbreaking process with the release of visbreaking residue, and a vacuum gas oil fraction of 350-500 ° C is isolated, catalytically hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with the isolation of a gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C from the reaction products. Tar is mixed with a gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C in a weight ratio of 70-90: 10-30, and is subjected to delayed coking, with the isolation of gas reaction fractions of 180-360 ° C and 360-450 ° C from the reaction products. The obtained fractions VO (visbreaking residue) and LGZK (light gas oil delayed coking) (Fig. 1) are mixed in a mass ratio (wt.%):

Visbreaking balance 10-70 Light delayed coking gas oil 30-90,

providing high-viscosity marine fuel of various grades (Fig. 2).

The obtained fractions VO (visbreaking residue) and THZK (heavy gas oil delayed coking) (Fig. 1) are mixed in a mass ratio (wt.%):

Visbreaking balance 20-60 Heavy delayed coking gas oil 40-80,

providing high-viscosity marine fuel of various grades (Fig. 2).

Petroleum electrode coke is a solid carbon product of the densification and thermopolycondensation reactions obtained by delayed coking with specified quality indicators (Fig. 3).

From the presented data it can be seen that the proposed method for the combined production of marine high-viscosity fuel for low-speed and medium-speed marine diesel engines and power plants allows not to use the hard-to-reach component - polyalkylbenzene resin. Upon receipt of marine high-viscosity fuel according to the proposed technology, the resources of heavy gas oil delayed coking (40-80%) are most fully used. Upon receipt of marine high-viscosity fuel according to the proposed technology, high-quality petroleum electrode coke is also obtained - with a low sulfur and vanadium content for the needs of the electrode and other industries.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Oil at the ABT installation (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils in the range 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with the separation of the reaction products of a heavy gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil of 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 70-90: 10-30 is subjected to delayed coking, with the release of delayed coking heavy gas oil 360-450 ° C and petroleum electrode coke and subsequent compounding visbreaking residue and heavy gas oil delayed coking of 360-450 ° C in a ratio of 20: 80 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (20:80), the basic mixture of VO and TGZK according to physicochemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SVL (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 2. Oil at the ABT unit (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils in the range 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with the separation of the reaction products of a heavy gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 30:70 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (30:70), the basic mixture of VO and TGZK according to physicochemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SVL (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 3. The oil on the installation ABT (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue, boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils in the range 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with the separation of the reaction products of a heavy gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C. Tar mixed with heavy gas oil catalytic cracking 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 40: 60 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (40:60), the basic mixture of VO and TGZK according to physicochemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SVT (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 4. Oil at the ABT unit (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils in the range 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with the separation of the reaction products of a heavy gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 50:50 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (50:50), the basic mixture of VO and TGZK according to physicochemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel of the SVS brand (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 5. Oil at the ABT unit (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils in the range 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with the separation of the reaction products of a heavy gas oil fraction of 180-400 ° C. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 60:40 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (60:40), the basic mixture of VO and TGZK according to physicochemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel of the SVS brand (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 6. The oil on the installation ABT (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue, boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils within 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with a light gas oil fraction of 180-360 ° C being isolated from the reaction products. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 10:90 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (10:90), the basic mixture of VO and LGZK according to physico-chemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SL (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 7. Oil at the ABT unit (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils within 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with a light gas oil fraction of 180-360 ° C being isolated from the reaction products. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 30:70 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (30:70), the basic mixture of VO and LGZK according to physico-chemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SL (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 8. The oil on the installation ABT (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue, boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils within 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with a light gas oil fraction of 180-360 ° C being isolated from the reaction products. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 50:50 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (50:50), the basic mixture of VO and LGZK according to physico-chemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SL (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

Example 9. The oil on the installation ABT (AT and BT) is subjected to distillation with the release of: tar - residue boiling above 500 ° C, subjected to visbreaking with the release of visbreaking residue; a vacuum gas oil fraction, 95% of which boils within 350-500 ° C, which is hydrotreated and subjected to catalytic cracking, with a light gas oil fraction of 180-360 ° C being isolated from the reaction products. Tar mixed with heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 180-400 ° C in a ratio of 70:30 wt.%

Obtained in this ratio (70:30), the basic mixture of VO and LGZK according to physico-chemical parameters meets the requirements for high-viscosity marine fuel brand SVL (Fig. 2). Petroleum electrode coke also meets the requirements for all quality indicators (Fig. 3).

The proposed technology of a combined method for producing marine high-viscosity fuels for low-speed and medium-speed marine diesel and power plants, as well as petroleum electrode coke will be widely used for production at refineries with deep processing of crude oil.

Claims (2)

1. The combined method of obtaining marine high-viscosity fuels and petroleum coke, including the use of light and heavy coking gas oils, characterized in that when the oil is distilled, a vacuum gas oil fraction is isolated, 95% of which boils in the range from 350 to 500 ° C, and a tar fraction, boiling above 500 ° C, while catalytic cracking with the release of a heavy gas oil fraction from 180 to 400 ° C is subjected to a vacuum gas oil fraction from 350 to 500 ° C, previously hydrotreated, visbreaking - tar with the release of visbreaking residue, and the delay coking - a mixture of tar and heavy gas oil of catalytic cracking, taken in a mass ratio of 70-90: 10-30, with the release of delayed coking from 180 to 360 ° C and petroleum electrode coke from light gas oil reaction products, and subsequent compounding of the visbreaking residue ( VO) and light delayed coking gas oil (LGZK) from 180 to 360 ° to obtain marine high-viscosity fuels, taken in a mass ratio:
Visbreaking balance 10-70 Light delayed coking gas oil 30-90 2. The combined production method according to claim 1, characterized in that in delayed coking of a mixture of tar and heavy gas oil of catalytic cracking, taken in a mass ratio of 70-90: 10-30, heavy gas oil of delayed coking from 360 to 450 ° is isolated from the reaction products C and petroleum electrode coke, then compound visbreaking residue (BO) and heavy gas oil delayed coking (TGZK) from 360 to 450 ° C to obtain marine high-viscosity fuels, taken in a mass ratio:
Visbreaking balance 20-60 Heavy delayed coking gas oil 40-80

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