RU2601331C1 - Automatic valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: compressor building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compressor engineering and is aimed at improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of an automatic valve with the largest scale usage of its square. Automatic valve contains a seat with through channels, pressed to the seat shut-off elements in the form of solids of revolution and a lift limiter with grooves to accommodate the shut-off elements and the channels for passage of gases. Latter are formed by concentric and alternating with each other rows of radially elongated holes and holes in the form of circular sectors. Each groove to accommodate a shut-off element is connected to two radially elongated holes and at least one hole in the form of a circular sector.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of the valve with the largest scale usage of its square.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates mainly to compressor engineering and can be used in the construction of reciprocating compressors, air motors, vacuum pumps and other machines.

State of the art

The main parts of all self-acting valves are a saddle with passage channels for the gas medium, shut-off bodies overlapping the channels of the saddle and a lift limiter of the latter with channels for the exit of the gas medium.

In most of the known self-acting valves, the channels of the seat and lift limiter are made in the form of concentric rows of round holes or concentric annular grooves, divided into parts by radial jumpers (see, for example, patent SU 1060856, IPC: F16K 15/08, publ. 15.12.83 g .; patent US 4483363, IPC: F16K 15/08, publ. 20.11.84, patent EP 1972840, IPC: F16K 15/08, publ. 03/06/2008, patent SU 1255791, IPC: F16K 15/02, publ. 07.09.86; Directory-directory: valves of self-acting reciprocating compressors. M: TSNITI, 1968, p. 10).

The implementation of the output channels in the form of annular grooves creates the most favorable conditions for the exit of gas in valves with annular locking elements, because in this case, the channels of the limiter repeat the shape of the channels of the saddle and locking elements and are located directly on the path of the outgoing gas flows along the entire perimeter of the locking element.

In poppet valves, in which the locking elements are made in the form of a set of fungal, disk-shaped or other point locking elements in the form of bodies of revolution, such a solution to the restrictor channels does not allow to achieve the same results due to the large difference in the shapes of the input and output channels, as well as their relative position .

The greater the offset of the output channels relative to the input, the greater the turbulence of the flows and the risk of valve vibrations that adversely affect the operation of the compressor as a whole.

Known poppet valve containing a seat and a lift stop with channels for the passage of gas and locking elements in the form of fungi (see patent SU 953322, IPC: F16K 15/10, publ. 23.08.82). In order to reduce the resistance to the outgoing gas flow, the channels of the lift limiter in the cross section are in the form of a ring concentric with the corresponding inlet channel in the saddle and separated by two jumpers.

In the mentioned solution, the restrictor channels are located directly above the edge of the shut-off element, covering it almost all around the perimeter, which ensures unhindered rectilinear movement of gas flows coming out from under the shut-off element. The disadvantage of this design is the low efficiency of the use of the useful area of the valve, due to the need to increase the distance between the locking elements for the possibility of the mentioned placement of the output channels.

As the closest analogue to the claimed technical solution, a self-acting valve for a reciprocating compressor is adopted, the design of which is disclosed in German patent DE 1173299, IPC: F16K 15/08, publ. 07/02/64.

Said valve comprises a seat with passage channels, locking elements in the form of bodies of revolution pushed to the saddle and a lift limiter with grooves for accommodating the locking elements and channels for the passage of gases in the form of holes arranged in concentric rows.

In this solution, all the channels of the limiter are made in the form of ordinary round holes, each of which is communicated with one groove to accommodate the locking element. The flow passing through the seat channel, flowing around the locking element, can exit through one of the three holes in communication with the groove in which this element is installed.

Despite the increase in the number of passage openings per one shut-off element, significant losses take place in said valve due to the large hydrodynamic resistance due to the small passage section of the holes. Moreover, the possibility of improving the conditions of gas flow by expanding the output channels is significantly limited by the use of round holes for their organization, a significant increase in the diameter of which is impossible without reducing the utilization of the valve area.

Disclosure of invention

The proposed solution relates to the design of valves in which the channels of the seat, and therefore the locking elements are placed in concentric rows.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the valve with the most full use of its area.

The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that in the design of a self-acting valve containing a seat with passage channels, locking elements in the form of bodies of revolution pressed to the saddle and a lift limiter with grooves for accommodating locking elements and gas passage channels formed by concentric rows of openings, according to the claimed invention, the channels of the lift limiter are formed by alternating rows of radially elongated holes and holes in the form of annular sectors, When this with each groove to accommodate the locking element reported two radially elongated hole and at least one opening in the form of an annular sector.

The difference between the proposed valve and the closest and other known analogues is the constructive solution of the output channels of the lift limiter: their shape and location relative to the locking elements, which provides a combination of positive technical results:

- the possibility of a more dense placement of locking elements, which ultimately helps to increase the throughput of the valve;

- reduction in resistance to the flowing gas flow and the risk of turbulence;

- facilitating the passage through channels of solid impurities, which eliminates their clogging and increases the reliability of the valve in conditions of severe contamination of the working environment.

In the proposed valve for forming the channels of the lift limiter, two types of holes are used: radially elongated and in the form of annular sectors, while the rows of the said holes alternate with each other.

At least three channels (openings) of the limiter are communicated with each groove to accommodate the locking element.

The elongated shape of the holes significantly increases the flow area of the restrictor channels, reduces the hydraulic resistance of the outgoing flows and reduces the risk of turbulence, and also significantly facilitates the passage of solid impurities contained in the moving medium through the channels, which positively affects the reliability and durability of the valve.

In this case, the alternation of the holes and their location relative to the locking elements provides the possibility of increasing the bore of the outlet openings without reducing the utilization of the valve area.

Thus, the placement of the outlet openings together with their shape allows to minimize the dead volume of the valve and increase the total flow area of the valve due to the possibility of a more dense placement of the locking elements (and hence the input channels), the minimum distance between which in this case is limited only by technological factors .

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the radially elongated openings, in whole or in part, can be made with an extension directed from the center to the periphery of the valve, which allows to further expand the passage channels and facilitate the passage of gases.

For the same purpose, the channels of the lift limiter can be made diffuser.

Part of the radially elongated holes can be communicated with holes in the form of annular sectors, which contributes to an additional reduction in resistance to the outgoing flows.

In a specific example of the implementation of the proposed valve, the locking elements are made with a cylindrical lateral guide surface and a spherical lower supporting surface. The streamlined shape of the supporting surface provides a tightness of the locking channel of the seat and contributes to the smooth flow of passing gases, which increases the aerodynamic performance of the valve. The cylindrical lateral surface of the locking element ensures the direction of its movement in the groove of the lift limiter and eliminates its bias.

The said shape of the locking elements is the preferred particular case of the proposed valve and does not exclude the possibility of using locking elements of another shape, for example, in the form of a hemisphere or sphere.

The locking elements can be drawn to the seat by means of springs.

It is more preferable to use a pair of permanent magnets facing each other with the same poles to tighten the locking elements. One of the magnets is installed in the locking element, and the second in the groove of the lift limiter, where the locking element is located. The use of permanent magnets can significantly increase the reliability and service life of the valve compared to valves that use springs, because the latter are too sensitive to aggressive environmental factors and are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement.

It is preferable to install a replaceable sleeve in the seat channel from the side of the locking element. The sleeve in this case forms a seating surface for the locking element and, if necessary, can be replaced.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The feasibility of industrial feasibility is confirmed by the above example, illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - valve, example 1, a plan view from the side of the lift limiter;

In FIG. 2 - valve, example 2, isometry, with a partial cross-section;

In FIG. 3 is a view A from FIG. 2, view from the saddle side;

In FIG. 4 is a view B of FIG. 2, view from the side of the lift stop;

In FIG. 5 - shows a lift limiter that implements the general principle of execution.

The implementation of the invention

The self-acting valve contains (see Fig. 1, 2) a seat 1 with passage channels 2, locking elements 3 located in the grooves 4 of the lift stop 5, the passage channels of which are formed by alternating concentric rows of radially elongated holes 6 and holes in the form of annular sectors 7.

Each row of radially elongated holes 6 is located in plan above the annular row of locking elements 3, while each of the holes 6 is located above two adjacent locking elements of the row and communicated with the grooves 4 in which they are placed.

A number of annular sectors 7 are placed between the rows of locking elements 3 and communicated simultaneously with several grooves of adjacent rows.

At least three channels are communicated with each groove 4 of the stop 5: two radial holes 6 and at least one annular sector 7.

The locking elements 3 are made in the form of bodies of revolution, for example, in the form of flattened cylinders with a spherical lower supporting surface, ensuring their tight fit in the channel 2 of the saddle 1 (see Fig. 2, 3). The cylindrical side surface of the elements 3 is a guide and provides the possibility of their axial movement in the grooves 4 of the lift stop 5. The length of the cylindrical surface eliminates the possibility of skewing of the locking element 3 in the groove 4 during movement.

The locking elements 3 are pressed to the saddle 1 by means of a pair of permanent magnets 8 and 9 facing each other with the same poles installed in the lift stop 5 and in the locking element 3, respectively. Moreover, the above example does not exclude the possibility of using springs for the same purpose.

In the input channel 2 of the seat 1 from the side of the locking element 3 can be installed a removable sleeve (not shown), forming for him a seating surface.

During operation of the valve, gas (air) flows through the channels 2 of the seat 1, passes between the seat 1 and the locking elements 3 raised in the grooves 4 of the lift stop 5. The spherical surface of the locking element 3 contributes to the smooth flow and its direction, essentially along a straight line path , into the holes 6 and 7 of the lift stop 5, passing through which gas flows are removed from the valve.

A large bore and the shape of the holes 6 and 7 of the limiter contributes to the unhindered passage of the gaseous medium, including contaminated with solid impurities.

The shape of the holes 6 and 7, their alternation and location relative to the locking elements contributes to the density of the locking elements and the minimization of dead space due to the partial overlap (overlay in the projection) of the output and input channels.

For simplicity and clarity, both shown in FIG. 1 and 2 examples show only two annular rows of locking elements, however, there may be three or more.

The grooves of the inner row of locking elements, in all examples, are connected with three holes of the lift limiter - three output channels.

The grooves of subsequent rows can already be communicated with the four output channels of the limiter, see FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, which shows a general case of the elevator 5 according to the claimed invention.

In the FIG. 1 of the valve example, the function of the outer row of annular sectors 7 '(with FIG. 5) is performed by an annular gap 10 formed between the seat 1 and the lift limiter 5.

In FIG. 4, the outer row of radially elongated holes 6 'is made with an extension directed from the center to the periphery of the valve. The expansion may be linear and non-linear, for example, as shown in FIG. four.

In fact, in this case, the outlet openings of the outer row of the lift limiter are a combined hole combining the functions of radially elongated holes and holes elongated along the ring.

With the expansion can be made only one row or several or all rows of radially elongated holes 6.

To improve the passage of gases, channels, i.e. holes 6 and 7 of the limiter lift 5 can be made diffuser.

For the same purpose, part of the radially elongated holes 6 can be communicated with holes 7 in the form of annular sectors.

The advantages of the valve include the simplicity and manufacturability, maintainability, high performance and reliability, a long service life of both the locking elements individually and the valve as a whole.

Claims (8)

1. A self-acting valve, comprising a seat with passage channels, locking elements in the form of bodies of revolution pressed to the seat and a lift limiter with grooves for accommodating the locking elements and gas passage channels formed by concentric rows of openings, characterized in that the lift limiter channels are formed by alternating between each other by rows of radially elongated holes and holes in the form of annular sectors, while with each groove to accommodate the locking element two radially elongated holes and at least one hole in the form of an annular sector. 2. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the radially elongated holes are made with an extension directed from the center to the periphery. 3. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels of the lift limiter are made diffuser. 4. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the radially elongated holes communicates with the holes in the form of annular sectors. 5. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking elements are made with a cylindrical lateral guide surface and a spherical bearing surface. 6. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking bodies are pressed to the seat by means of springs. 7. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking elements are pressed to the seat by means of a pair of permanent magnets facing each other with the same poles, one of which is installed in the lift limiter, and the second in the locking body. 8. The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that a replaceable sleeve is installed in the seat channel from the side of the locking element, forming a seating surface for the locking element.

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