US20200263795A1 - Check valve - Google Patents
Check valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200263795A1 US20200263795A1 US16/275,924 US201916275924A US2020263795A1 US 20200263795 A1 US20200263795 A1 US 20200263795A1 US 201916275924 A US201916275924 A US 201916275924A US 2020263795 A1 US2020263795 A1 US 2020263795A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- guide
- housing
- poppet
- closed position
- Prior art date
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K15/00—Check valves
- F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
- F16K15/06—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with guided stems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K15/00—Check valves
- F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
- F16K15/06—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with guided stems
- F16K15/063—Check valves with guided rigid valve members with guided stems the valve being loaded by a spring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
- F16K27/0209—Check valves or pivoted valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
- Y10T137/7922—Spring biased
- Y10T137/7929—Spring coaxial with valve
- Y10T137/7932—Valve stem extends through fixed spring abutment
- Y10T137/7933—Yoke or cage-type support for valve stem
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the field of valves, and more specifically, to valves capable of tolerating a variable flow of fluid.
- Check valves are designed to permit the flow of fluid in one direction while preventing the fluid from flowing in the reverse direction.
- Conventional check valves utilize a single poppet valve within a body which controls the flow of fluid therethrough.
- conventional poppet valves are likely to become lodged in the interior seat provided by an annular flange within the valve body. When this happens, it is almost impossible to dislodge the poppet valve without dismantling the check valve or utilizing a new fitting.
- conventional valves are difficult to assemble and may include many parts and fasteners. It may also be awkward to assemble and/or repair valves, as different parts can be located on opposite sides of a valve seat or flange formed within the valves.
- valve of the present invention may be used in any type of hydraulic or other fluid flow lines such as, for example, water, fuel, or gas lines, wells, cisterns, submersible pump applications, pumping outfits or the like. Additionally, other uses may be made of the invention that fall within the scope of the claimed invention but which are not specifically described below.
- a check valve in one aspect of the invention, there is provided a check valve.
- the check valve includes a housing, a flange within the housing, a poppet valve, a guide and a retainer ring.
- the housing includes an inner periphery surface defining a passage therethrough between an inlet port and an outlet port.
- the flange within the housing divides the passage between the inlet port and outlet port into an upstream portion and a downstream portion.
- the flange extends circumferentially around the inner periphery surface of the housing and defines a valve seat and has an inner surface defining a valve aperture.
- the poppet valve is positioned in the downstream portion of the passage of the housing.
- the poppet valve includes a valve head and a stem extending from the valve head towards the outlet port of the housing.
- the valve head engages the valve seat of the flange and is moveable between a closed position to a fully open position.
- the valve head is resiliently biased in the closed position against the valve seat to inhibit fluid flow in a first direction and allow fluid flow in an opposite direction to the first direction.
- the guide is removeably mounted within the housing. The guide guides the stem of the poppet valve as the poppet valve moves between the closed position and the fully open position.
- the retainer ring includes an outer edge portion and a center portion. The outer edge portion of the retainer ring engages the inner periphery surface of the housing. The center portion of the retainer ring is configured to receive and retain the guide.
- the retainer ring may be a spring clip.
- FIG. 1 depicts a prospective view of one embodiment of a check valve constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 2 depicts a top view of the check valve illustrated in FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 3 depicts a bottom view of the check valve illustrated in FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 4 depicts an exploded view of the check valve illustrated in FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 5A depicts a cross-sectional view of the check valve illustrated in FIG. 1 in a closed position constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 5B depicts a cross-sectional view of the check valve illustrated in FIG. 1 in an open position constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 6A depicts a side view of one embodiment of a poppet valve constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 6B depicts a top view of the poppet valve illustrated in FIG. 6A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 6C depicts a top view of the poppet valve illustrated in FIG. 6A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of a guide constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 7B depicts a side view of the guide illustrated in FIG. 7A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 7C depicts a cross-sectional view of the guide illustrated in FIG. 7A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 8A depicts a depicts a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a guide constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 8B depicts a side view of the guide illustrated in FIG. 8A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 8C depicts a cross-sectional view of the guide illustrated in FIG. 8A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 depicts a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a check valve in a closed position including the guide illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8C constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 10A depicts a top view of one embodiment of a retainer ring constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 10B depicts a side view of the retainer ring illustrated in FIG. 8B constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention
- FIG. 11 depicts an alternative embodiment of a retainer ring constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention.
- variable frequency drives have been used to control a pump resulting in a variable rate of fluid flow.
- VFD variable frequency Drive
- a variable frequency Drive (VFD) controlled pump will regulate between 30 Hz to 60 Hz, which results in fifty percent (50%) drop in both Hz and flow rate.
- the total dynamic head (feet and head) will drop by square and the water horsepower will drop by cube, which is why VFD compatible check valves are important.
- variable rate of fluid flow may cause a valve to be disposed at a distance between the maximum open position and the closed position.
- traditional valves do not function properly when used in connection with these variable frequency drive pumps because the pressure exerted against the valve disk is insufficient to displace it to the maximum open position.
- check valves include a valve disk in a downstream portion of a valve connected to a stem extending through a valve aperture and into an upstream portion of the valve. These check valves also include a rubber disk that cooperates with a valve seat forming the valve aperture. The rubber disk seals with the valve seat to prevent leakage of fluid when the valve is in the closed position. This rubber seal is positioned between a valve disk and a valve stem and held tightly by a fastener connecting the valve disk to the valve stem.
- An example of a valve having this configuration is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,633 to Andersson, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- assembly and/or repair of these valves are difficult because the valve disk and the valve stem are located on opposite sides of the valve seat or flange formed within the valves.
- Alternative check valve designs include a valve disk in a downstream portion of a valve connected to a stem or shaft extending away from, and not through, a valve aperture and into a downstream portion of the valve.
- the valve head or disk is biased, by a spring, against a valve seat forming the valve aperture.
- the valve disk seals with the valve seat to prevent leakage of fluid when the valve is in the closed position.
- the stem or shaft is telescopically received by a guide rigidly mounted on the inner surface of the valve housing in the downstream portion.
- the guide telescopically receives the stem or shaft as the poppet valve moves between an open and closed position relative to the valve seat.
- the guide includes an internal bushing in contact with the stem. A bushing is used to reduce wear on the guide and stem.
- valve having this configuration is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 9,032,992 to Andersson, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- the guide bushing used in these designs causes friction loss and results in reduced flow areas.
- the rigid attachment of the guide to the inner surface of the valve housing causes vibration as the poppet valve moves between an open and closed position because the guide is incapable of floating or handling the movement and moments applied to the poppet valve during variable flow conditions.
- assembly of these valves requires more parts and time.
- the use of a valve stem in conventional check valves also includes smaller diameter shafts that fail to provide the necessary support or guiding surface to react to the changes in hydraulic pressure incurred during abrupt changes in frequency and changes in rpms of pumps used in a hydraulic system. Since the guiding surface of conventional valve stems experience significant action when used in frequency drives, the valve tends to wear out and become unstable during operation. Current check valve designs are compromised due to the complexity of installation of internal parts, high hydraulic flow losses and restrictions on high temperature applications.
- FIGS. 1-5B depict one embodiment of a valve 100 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention.
- valve 100 includes a tubular housing 102 , a poppet valve 150 and a guide 160 .
- Housing 102 defines a passage 104 having an inlet port 106 and an outlet port 108 .
- Valve 100 includes an upstream portion 110 , generally between inlet port 106 and flange 120 , and a downstream portion 112 , generally between outlet port 108 and flange 120 . Fluid enters inlet port 106 , which is upstream from flange 120 and flows towards outlet port 108 , which is downstream from poppet valve 150 .
- tubular housing 102 includes an inner surface 114 extending from inlet port 106 to outlet port 108 .
- an inwardly extending circumferential flange 120 protruding from inner surface 114 forms a valve aperture 122 .
- flange 120 is circular in shape as defined by its inner surface forming valve aperture 122 .
- valve aperture 122 is not limited to any particular geometrical shape.
- a valve seat 124 may be generally circular in shape and is formed by, for example, flange 120 . In one example, valve seat 124 is angled in forty-five degrees to provide a larger seating surface and allow more seating area for poppet valve 150 .
- valve 100 may include a replaceable seat disposed on flange 120 .
- a replaceable seat may be removably affixed to flange 120 .
- a replaceable seat may be disposed within housing 102 and adjacent flange 120 before poppet valve 150 is disposed within housing 102 .
- Replaceable seat may be removed and an alternative replaceable seat may be placed within housing 102 .
- a replaceable seat may be made, for example, of a material different than material of housing 102 or flange 120 .
- replaceable seat can be made of rubber.
- FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate one example of a poppet valve 150 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the invention.
- poppet valve 150 is moveably mounted within housing 102 in passage 104 between flange 120 and outlet port 108 .
- Poppet valve 150 includes a valve head or disk 152 and a stem 154 extending from valve head or disk 152 and into downstream portion 112 of tubular housing 102 .
- the edge of the base of valve disk 152 is annular, having a diameter greater than the diameter of valve seat 124 .
- the outer surface of valve disk or head 152 facing valve aperture 122 is cone-shaped to provide more laminar flow.
- valve 100 is shown in a closed position with valve head or disk 152 of poppet valve 150 engaging valve seat 124 of flange 120 . More specifically, valve head or disk 152 is in contact with flange 120 , and a water-tight seal is formed. Fluid cannot pass beyond valve disk 152 when in contact with flange 120 . As the force exerted by water pressure on valve disk 152 overcomes the force exerted by a spring 190 , shown in FIG. 5B , valve disk 152 is displaced towards outlet port 108 and valve head or disc 152 disengages from valve seat 124 of flange 120 and opens the valve so fluid can flow from upstream portion 110 into downstream portion 112 .
- stem 154 of poppet valve 150 extend from valve disk 152 into the downstream portion 112 of housing 102 of valve 100 .
- Stem 154 may be formed integral with, or affixed to, valve head or disk 152 .
- poppet valve 150 may include a single guide leg.
- Alternative embodiments of poppet valve 150 may include two or more guide legs depending on the radial support desired or required for the smooth operation of the valve.
- stem 154 extends away from valve seat 124 and does not extend through valve aperture 122 .
- valve head or disk 152 may include a circumferential groove 158 for retaining a rubber ring or O-ring 195 .
- O-ring 195 contacts valve seat 124 to assist in forming a water tight seal to prevent fluid from passing from upstream portion 106 into downstream portion 112 .
- stem 154 of poppet valve 150 is telescopically received by guide 160 .
- a guide 160 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 7A-7C .
- Guide 160 aids in guiding the reciprocating movement of poppet valve 150 within housing 102 during opening and closing of valve 100 .
- stem 154 cooperates with the inner surface 162 of guide 160 to maintain valve disk 152 substantially in alignment with valve seat 124 .
- stem 154 includes an outer surface 156 that faces inner surface 162 of guide 160 .
- the outer surface 156 of the stem 154 is guided by the inner surface 162 of guide 160 .
- stem 154 and guide 160 result in less friction loss and provide a larger flow area when valve 100 is in an open position.
- FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate an alternate embodiment of a guide 200 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention.
- guide 200 may be equipped with a skirt or bell shaped lower portion 210 designed to support valve head or disk 152 in the fully opened position and also prevent vortex forces from working on the backside of valve head 152 .
- Guide 200 having a skirt or shaped lower portion 210 limits cavitation and provides improved stability with lower friction losses and more stable operation as valve head 152 moves between an open position and a closed position, especially during high flow velocities.
- valve disk 152 may be prevented from moving further into downstream portion by end surface 212 of skirt-shaped lower portion 210 of guide 200 . As illustrated in FIG.
- the diameter of end surface 212 of skirt-shaped lower portion 210 of guide 200 may be equal to or substantially similar to the outer diameter of the portion of valve head or disk 152 facing end surface 212 .
- end surface 212 of skirt or bell shaped lower portion 210 of guide 200 will make the capturing of spring 190 during open more positive as it “nests-up” and not “coil-up.”
- guide 160 or 200 is removeably mounted to inner surface 114 of housing 102 in upstream portion 112 of valve 100 .
- guide 160 or 200 may be secured or locked in place in downstream portion 112 of valve 100 by, for example, a retainer ring.
- retainer ring is a spring clip 170 .
- Spring clip 170 may be formed from extruded plastic or metal or die cast.
- Spring clip 170 is a fastener that grips guide 160 or 200 through spring tension.
- spring clip 170 is flat and extends transverse or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the passageway extending through valve 100 .
- spring clip 170 with guide 160 or 200 and poppet 150 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention serves multiple purposes.
- spring clip 170 holds or retains guide 160 or 200 within valve 100 .
- a spring loaded center guide 160 or 200 self-centers poppet 150 travel moments during valve operation by positioning guide 160 or 200 and poppet 150 assembly within the flow stream and respond to a variable flow. This configuration stabilizes poppet 150 in the flow stream during variable flow conditions.
- the use of spring clip 170 allows guide 160 or 200 and poppet 150 to float and aids in centering them during flow conditions.
- the use of spring clip 170 also reduces the vibration caused by traditional rigid guides that are not allowed to account for, and do not deflect in response to, variable flow condition.
- spring clip 170 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B .
- Spring clip 170 is configured to engage with inner surface 114 of housing 102 and outer surface 164 of guide 160 to securely retain guide 160 and poppet 150 within passage 104 during operation of valve 100 .
- spring clip 170 is substantially flat and extends between inner surface 114 of housing 102 and outer surface 164 of guide 160 traverse or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of passage 104 of valve 100 .
- Spring clip may be constructed from, for example, a non-corrosive metal or plastic.
- spring clip 170 may include an outer edge portion 172 and a center portion 174 .
- Outer edge portion 172 may be received by or retained within, for example, an annular space, slot or groove formed in inner surface 114 of housing 102 .
- Outer edge portion 172 may be slipped into or forced radially into the annular groove formed in inner surface 114 .
- inner surface 114 of housing 102 may include a circumferential protrusion 180 that include an outer surface 184 and an annular or circumferential slot or groove 186 formed in outer surface 184 .
- the outer diameter of the entire periphery of outer edge portion 172 of spring clip 170 is larger than the diameter of outer surface 184 such that, when installed within passage 104 , outer edge portion 172 of spring clip 170 snaps into place and is retained in slot or groove 186 .
- Central portion 174 of spring clip 170 may be formed and shaped to receive and retain guide 160 along the longitudinal axis of valve 100 .
- central portion 174 includes resilient fingers or arms 176 and 178 that extend inwardly from outer edge portion 172 . Together, the ends of resilient arms 176 and 178 may be joined together and shaped in the form of a “U” to receive and hold guide 160 using spring tension from resilient arms 176 and 178 .
- resilient arms 176 and 178 may not be connected together.
- outer surface 164 of guide 160 includes a circumferential space, slot or groove 166 to receive and retain resilient arms 176 and 178 .
- outer edge portion 172 includes an open end 175 for slidably receiving and resiliently holding using spring tension guide 160 into position between resilient arms 176 and 178 .
- Resilient arms 176 and 178 may be flexible and moveable outwardly to receive outer surface 164 of guide 160 and then snap into place within space, slot or groove 166 and prevent guide 160 from moving during operation of valve 100 .
- Resilient arms 176 and 178 are configured to apply an active retaining force against outer surface 164 of guide 160 within annular space, slot or groove 166 .
- Spring clip 170 may be constructed in alternative configurations that allow it to receive and retain guide 160 along the longitudinal axis of valve 100 and be removeably retained by the inner surface of housing 102 .
- outer edge portion 172 does not have to include an open end 175 for receiving guide 160 , but rather the resilient arms may extend inward from outer edge portion 172 .
- an elastomeric spring means such as, for example, a stainless steel coil spring 190 biases valve disk in the closed position against valve seat.
- Spring is telescoped over the outer diameter of guide 160 .
- a first end of spring 190 is supported or, alternatively, anchored against guide 160 .
- Opposite end of spring 160 is supported or, alternatively, anchored against valve disk.
- the diameter of spring 190 is larger than the outside diameter of the stem of poppet valve 150 .
- a spring 190 having a larger diameter spreads the force of the spring about a large area of valve disk, resulting in a more stable resistance to the pressure of fluid against valve disk.
- Valve 100 operates in the usual manner of a check valve to provide an opening in the valve when the pressure in upstream portion of valve housing 102 is sufficient to overcome the force imposed on valve disk by spring means and to be closed by action of spring means when the pressure upstream of the valve is decreased.
- valve 100 may include a valve head stop disposed in the housing. When the valve is fully open and when the flow velocities and the hydraulic forces are the highest on valve disc, valve disc is fully supported on the peripheral back edge by valve head stop. Valve head stop contacts valve head in the fully open position and prevents valve head from moving further into downstream portion.
- poppet 150 as it travels in guide 160 or 200 , is restricted to provide full support on end surface 212 of guide 160 or 210 when fully open and during maximum flow efficiency. At this time, poppet 150 and guide 160 / 200 will have a near prop-shaped cross section providing a stable operation and lower friction losses than conventional check valves of this type.
- a valve 100 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention is easily assembled.
- spring clip 170 is installed on guide 160 by sliding guide 160 through open end 175 of spring clip 170 until resilient arms 176 and 178 are securely positioned within space, slot or groove 166 in outer surface 164 of guide 160 .
- spring 190 is positioned over stem 154 of poppet 150 .
- stem 154 is inserted into guide 160 , and this assembly is inserted through outlet port 108 until outer edge portion of spring clip 170 engages space, slot or groove 186 in inner surface 114 of housing 102 .
- spring 190 will bias valve disk 152 of poppet 150 in a closed position against valve seat 124 .
- poppet 150 is dual spring loaded.
- a quick acting spring 190 acts on the opening and closing of poppet 150 while spring clip 170 also acts to stabilize movement of poppet 150 in the flow velocity during both high and low flow conditions that a typical fixed centralized rigidly mounted poppet guide cannot accomplish.
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Abstract
Description
- This invention relates generally to the field of valves, and more specifically, to valves capable of tolerating a variable flow of fluid.
- Check valves are designed to permit the flow of fluid in one direction while preventing the fluid from flowing in the reverse direction. Conventional check valves utilize a single poppet valve within a body which controls the flow of fluid therethrough. However, conventional poppet valves are likely to become lodged in the interior seat provided by an annular flange within the valve body. When this happens, it is almost impossible to dislodge the poppet valve without dismantling the check valve or utilizing a new fitting. Moreover, conventional valves are difficult to assemble and may include many parts and fasteners. It may also be awkward to assemble and/or repair valves, as different parts can be located on opposite sides of a valve seat or flange formed within the valves.
- The shortcomings of the prior art may be alleviated by using a valve in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention. The valve of the present invention may be used in any type of hydraulic or other fluid flow lines such as, for example, water, fuel, or gas lines, wells, cisterns, submersible pump applications, pumping outfits or the like. Additionally, other uses may be made of the invention that fall within the scope of the claimed invention but which are not specifically described below.
- In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a check valve. The check valve includes a housing, a flange within the housing, a poppet valve, a guide and a retainer ring. The housing includes an inner periphery surface defining a passage therethrough between an inlet port and an outlet port. The flange within the housing divides the passage between the inlet port and outlet port into an upstream portion and a downstream portion. The flange extends circumferentially around the inner periphery surface of the housing and defines a valve seat and has an inner surface defining a valve aperture. The poppet valve is positioned in the downstream portion of the passage of the housing. The poppet valve includes a valve head and a stem extending from the valve head towards the outlet port of the housing. The valve head engages the valve seat of the flange and is moveable between a closed position to a fully open position. The valve head is resiliently biased in the closed position against the valve seat to inhibit fluid flow in a first direction and allow fluid flow in an opposite direction to the first direction. The guide is removeably mounted within the housing. The guide guides the stem of the poppet valve as the poppet valve moves between the closed position and the fully open position. The retainer ring includes an outer edge portion and a center portion. The outer edge portion of the retainer ring engages the inner periphery surface of the housing. The center portion of the retainer ring is configured to receive and retain the guide.
- In another aspect, the retainer ring may be a spring clip.
- Additional features and benefits will become apparent from the following drawings and descriptions of the invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention.
- The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the end of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
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FIG. 1 depicts a prospective view of one embodiment of a check valve constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 depicts a top view of the check valve illustrated inFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 depicts a bottom view of the check valve illustrated inFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 depicts an exploded view of the check valve illustrated inFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 5A depicts a cross-sectional view of the check valve illustrated inFIG. 1 in a closed position constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 5B depicts a cross-sectional view of the check valve illustrated inFIG. 1 in an open position constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 6A depicts a side view of one embodiment of a poppet valve constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 6B depicts a top view of the poppet valve illustrated inFIG. 6A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 6C depicts a top view of the poppet valve illustrated inFIG. 6A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention. -
FIG. 7A depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of a guide constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention -
FIG. 7B depicts a side view of the guide illustrated inFIG. 7A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 7C depicts a cross-sectional view of the guide illustrated inFIG. 7A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 8A depicts a depicts a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a guide constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention -
FIG. 8B depicts a side view of the guide illustrated inFIG. 8A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 8C depicts a cross-sectional view of the guide illustrated inFIG. 8A constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 depicts a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a check valve in a closed position including the guide illustrated inFIGS. 8A-8C constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention -
FIG. 10A depicts a top view of one embodiment of a retainer ring constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 10B depicts a side view of the retainer ring illustrated inFIG. 8B constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; -
FIG. 11 depicts an alternative embodiment of a retainer ring constructed in accordance with one or more principles of the present invention; - For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of a valve designed and constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments, or examples, illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe these. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the check valve invention relates.
- Presented herein is an improved valve capable of handling variable fluid flow in either a vertical or horizontal direction. In traditional applications of fluid control valves, the rate of fluid flow was either very high or very low. Thus, a valve disk would always need to be positioned either in the maximum open position or the fully closed position to operate properly. However, more recently, variable frequency drives have been used to control a pump resulting in a variable rate of fluid flow. Typically, a variable frequency Drive (VFD) controlled pump will regulate between 30 Hz to 60 Hz, which results in fifty percent (50%) drop in both Hz and flow rate. The total dynamic head (feet and head) will drop by square and the water horsepower will drop by cube, which is why VFD compatible check valves are important. The variable rate of fluid flow may cause a valve to be disposed at a distance between the maximum open position and the closed position. However, traditional valves do not function properly when used in connection with these variable frequency drive pumps because the pressure exerted against the valve disk is insufficient to displace it to the maximum open position.
- Conventional check valves include a valve disk in a downstream portion of a valve connected to a stem extending through a valve aperture and into an upstream portion of the valve. These check valves also include a rubber disk that cooperates with a valve seat forming the valve aperture. The rubber disk seals with the valve seat to prevent leakage of fluid when the valve is in the closed position. This rubber seal is positioned between a valve disk and a valve stem and held tightly by a fastener connecting the valve disk to the valve stem. An example of a valve having this configuration is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,633 to Andersson, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. However, assembly and/or repair of these valves are difficult because the valve disk and the valve stem are located on opposite sides of the valve seat or flange formed within the valves.
- Alternative check valve designs include a valve disk in a downstream portion of a valve connected to a stem or shaft extending away from, and not through, a valve aperture and into a downstream portion of the valve. The valve head or disk is biased, by a spring, against a valve seat forming the valve aperture. The valve disk seals with the valve seat to prevent leakage of fluid when the valve is in the closed position. The stem or shaft is telescopically received by a guide rigidly mounted on the inner surface of the valve housing in the downstream portion. The guide telescopically receives the stem or shaft as the poppet valve moves between an open and closed position relative to the valve seat. The guide includes an internal bushing in contact with the stem. A bushing is used to reduce wear on the guide and stem. An example of a valve having this configuration is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 9,032,992 to Andersson, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. However, the guide bushing used in these designs causes friction loss and results in reduced flow areas. Also, the rigid attachment of the guide to the inner surface of the valve housing causes vibration as the poppet valve moves between an open and closed position because the guide is incapable of floating or handling the movement and moments applied to the poppet valve during variable flow conditions. Further, assembly of these valves requires more parts and time. The use of a valve stem in conventional check valves also includes smaller diameter shafts that fail to provide the necessary support or guiding surface to react to the changes in hydraulic pressure incurred during abrupt changes in frequency and changes in rpms of pumps used in a hydraulic system. Since the guiding surface of conventional valve stems experience significant action when used in frequency drives, the valve tends to wear out and become unstable during operation. Current check valve designs are compromised due to the complexity of installation of internal parts, high hydraulic flow losses and restrictions on high temperature applications.
-
FIGS. 1-5B depict one embodiment of avalve 100 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention. As illustrated,valve 100 includes atubular housing 102, apoppet valve 150 and aguide 160.Housing 102 defines apassage 104 having aninlet port 106 and anoutlet port 108.Valve 100 includes anupstream portion 110, generally betweeninlet port 106 andflange 120, and adownstream portion 112, generally betweenoutlet port 108 andflange 120. Fluid entersinlet port 106, which is upstream fromflange 120 and flows towardsoutlet port 108, which is downstream frompoppet valve 150. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 5A and 5B ,tubular housing 102 includes aninner surface 114 extending frominlet port 106 tooutlet port 108. Withintubular housing 102, an inwardly extendingcircumferential flange 120 protruding frominner surface 114 forms avalve aperture 122. Typically,flange 120 is circular in shape as defined by its inner surface formingvalve aperture 122. However,valve aperture 122 is not limited to any particular geometrical shape. Avalve seat 124 may be generally circular in shape and is formed by, for example,flange 120. In one example,valve seat 124 is angled in forty-five degrees to provide a larger seating surface and allow more seating area forpoppet valve 150. - In an alternative embodiments,
valve 100 may include a replaceable seat disposed onflange 120. A replaceable seat may be removably affixed toflange 120. In one embodiment, a replaceable seat may be disposed withinhousing 102 andadjacent flange 120 beforepoppet valve 150 is disposed withinhousing 102. Replaceable seat may be removed and an alternative replaceable seat may be placed withinhousing 102. A replaceable seat may be made, for example, of a material different than material ofhousing 102 orflange 120. For example, in one embodiment, replaceable seat can be made of rubber. -
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate one example of apoppet valve 150 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the invention. As illustrated inFIGS. 5A and 5B ,poppet valve 150 is moveably mounted withinhousing 102 inpassage 104 betweenflange 120 andoutlet port 108.Poppet valve 150 includes a valve head ordisk 152 and astem 154 extending from valve head ordisk 152 and intodownstream portion 112 oftubular housing 102. In one example, the edge of the base ofvalve disk 152 is annular, having a diameter greater than the diameter ofvalve seat 124. In another example, the outer surface of valve disk orhead 152 facingvalve aperture 122 is cone-shaped to provide more laminar flow. - Referring now to
FIG. 5A ,valve 100 is shown in a closed position with valve head ordisk 152 ofpoppet valve 150 engagingvalve seat 124 offlange 120. More specifically, valve head ordisk 152 is in contact withflange 120, and a water-tight seal is formed. Fluid cannot pass beyondvalve disk 152 when in contact withflange 120. As the force exerted by water pressure onvalve disk 152 overcomes the force exerted by aspring 190, shown inFIG. 5B ,valve disk 152 is displaced towardsoutlet port 108 and valve head ordisc 152 disengages fromvalve seat 124 offlange 120 and opens the valve so fluid can flow fromupstream portion 110 intodownstream portion 112. - Referring now to the illustrative embodiment shown in
FIGS. 6A-6C , stem 154 ofpoppet valve 150 extend fromvalve disk 152 into thedownstream portion 112 ofhousing 102 ofvalve 100.Stem 154 may be formed integral with, or affixed to, valve head ordisk 152. In one embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 6A-6C ,poppet valve 150 may include a single guide leg. Alternative embodiments ofpoppet valve 150 may include two or more guide legs depending on the radial support desired or required for the smooth operation of the valve. Contrary to conventional check valves, stem 154 extends away fromvalve seat 124 and does not extend throughvalve aperture 122. In one example, valve head ordisk 152 may include acircumferential groove 158 for retaining a rubber ring or O-ring 195. Whenvalve 100 is in the closed position as illustrated inFIG. 5A , O-ring 195contacts valve seat 124 to assist in forming a water tight seal to prevent fluid from passing fromupstream portion 106 intodownstream portion 112. - In one embodiment illustrated in
FIGS. 5A and 5B , stem 154 ofpoppet valve 150 is telescopically received byguide 160. One example of aguide 160 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention is shown inFIGS. 7A-7C .Guide 160 aids in guiding the reciprocating movement ofpoppet valve 150 withinhousing 102 during opening and closing ofvalve 100. Asvalve disk 152 moves towards and away fromvalve seat 124,stem 154 cooperates with theinner surface 162 ofguide 160 to maintainvalve disk 152 substantially in alignment withvalve seat 124. For example, stem 154 includes anouter surface 156 that facesinner surface 162 ofguide 160. Aspoppet 150 moves between an open and closed position, theouter surface 156 of thestem 154 is guided by theinner surface 162 ofguide 160. - In contrast to existing valves that include, for example, a valve stem or shaft extending from a valve head through a valve aperture, stem 154 and guide 160 result in less friction loss and provide a larger flow area when
valve 100 is in an open position. The use of astem 154 instead of, for example, a valve stem or shaft and guide bushing, provides quicker movement ofpoppet valve 100 which lowers hydraulic shock from water hammer surges during pump shut-down or power failure. -
FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate an alternate embodiment of aguide 200 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention. In this example, guide 200 may be equipped with a skirt or bell shapedlower portion 210 designed to support valve head ordisk 152 in the fully opened position and also prevent vortex forces from working on the backside ofvalve head 152.Guide 200 having a skirt or shapedlower portion 210 limits cavitation and provides improved stability with lower friction losses and more stable operation asvalve head 152 moves between an open position and a closed position, especially during high flow velocities. In this embodiment,valve disk 152 may be prevented from moving further into downstream portion byend surface 212 of skirt-shapedlower portion 210 ofguide 200. As illustrated inFIG. 9 , the diameter ofend surface 212 of skirt-shapedlower portion 210 ofguide 200 may be equal to or substantially similar to the outer diameter of the portion of valve head ordisk 152 facingend surface 212. In one example,end surface 212 of skirt or bell shapedlower portion 210 ofguide 200 will make the capturing ofspring 190 during open more positive as it “nests-up” and not “coil-up.” - As illustrated in
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 9 , guide 160 or 200 is removeably mounted toinner surface 114 ofhousing 102 inupstream portion 112 ofvalve 100. In one embodiment, guide 160 or 200 may be secured or locked in place indownstream portion 112 ofvalve 100 by, for example, a retainer ring. In one example, retainer ring is aspring clip 170.Spring clip 170 may be formed from extruded plastic or metal or die cast.Spring clip 170 is a fastener that grips guide 160 or 200 through spring tension. As illustrated inFIGS. 10A-11 ,spring clip 170 is flat and extends transverse or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the passageway extending throughvalve 100. - The use of
spring clip 170 withguide poppet 150 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention serves multiple purposes. For example,spring clip 170 holds or retains guide 160 or 200 withinvalve 100. Also, a spring loadedcenter guide centers poppet 150 travel moments during valve operation by positioningguide poppet 150 assembly within the flow stream and respond to a variable flow. This configuration stabilizespoppet 150 in the flow stream during variable flow conditions. Unlike past attempts which include guides having rigid supports integrally formed with and extending outwardly and upwardly towards the interior valve housing wall (see U.S. Pat. No. 9,032,992), the use ofspring clip 170 allowsguide poppet 150 to float and aids in centering them during flow conditions. The use ofspring clip 170 also reduces the vibration caused by traditional rigid guides that are not allowed to account for, and do not deflect in response to, variable flow condition. - One example of a
spring clip 170 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 10A and 10B .Spring clip 170 is configured to engage withinner surface 114 ofhousing 102 andouter surface 164 ofguide 160 to securely retainguide 160 andpoppet 150 withinpassage 104 during operation ofvalve 100. In one embodiment,spring clip 170 is substantially flat and extends betweeninner surface 114 ofhousing 102 andouter surface 164 ofguide 160 traverse or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ofpassage 104 ofvalve 100. Spring clip may be constructed from, for example, a non-corrosive metal or plastic. - In the example illustrated in
FIGS. 10A and 10B ,spring clip 170 may include anouter edge portion 172 and acenter portion 174.Outer edge portion 172 may be received by or retained within, for example, an annular space, slot or groove formed ininner surface 114 ofhousing 102.Outer edge portion 172 may be slipped into or forced radially into the annular groove formed ininner surface 114. In one example illustrated inFIGS. 5A and 5B ,inner surface 114 ofhousing 102 may include acircumferential protrusion 180 that include anouter surface 184 and an annular or circumferential slot or groove 186 formed inouter surface 184. In one example, the outer diameter of the entire periphery ofouter edge portion 172 ofspring clip 170 is larger than the diameter ofouter surface 184 such that, when installed withinpassage 104,outer edge portion 172 ofspring clip 170 snaps into place and is retained in slot orgroove 186. -
Central portion 174 ofspring clip 170 may be formed and shaped to receive and retainguide 160 along the longitudinal axis ofvalve 100. In one example illustrated inFIG. 10A ,central portion 174 includes resilient fingers orarms outer edge portion 172. Together, the ends ofresilient arms guide 160 using spring tension fromresilient arms FIG. 11 ,resilient arms outer surface 164 ofguide 160 includes a circumferential space, slot or groove 166 to receive and retainresilient arms outer edge portion 172 includes anopen end 175 for slidably receiving and resiliently holding usingspring tension guide 160 into position betweenresilient arms Resilient arms outer surface 164 ofguide 160 and then snap into place within space, slot or groove 166 and preventguide 160 from moving during operation ofvalve 100.Resilient arms outer surface 164 ofguide 160 within annular space, slot orgroove 166. -
Spring clip 170 may be constructed in alternative configurations that allow it to receive and retainguide 160 along the longitudinal axis ofvalve 100 and be removeably retained by the inner surface ofhousing 102. For example,outer edge portion 172 does not have to include anopen end 175 for receivingguide 160, but rather the resilient arms may extend inward fromouter edge portion 172. - Referring to the illustrative embodiments of
FIGS. 4, 5A and 5B , an elastomeric spring means such as, for example, a stainlesssteel coil spring 190, biases valve disk in the closed position against valve seat. Spring is telescoped over the outer diameter ofguide 160. A first end ofspring 190 is supported or, alternatively, anchored againstguide 160. Opposite end ofspring 160 is supported or, alternatively, anchored against valve disk. In each of the embodiments listed above, the diameter ofspring 190 is larger than the outside diameter of the stem ofpoppet valve 150. Aspring 190 having a larger diameter spreads the force of the spring about a large area of valve disk, resulting in a more stable resistance to the pressure of fluid against valve disk. -
Valve 100 operates in the usual manner of a check valve to provide an opening in the valve when the pressure in upstream portion ofvalve housing 102 is sufficient to overcome the force imposed on valve disk by spring means and to be closed by action of spring means when the pressure upstream of the valve is decreased. In one embodiment,valve 100 may include a valve head stop disposed in the housing. When the valve is fully open and when the flow velocities and the hydraulic forces are the highest on valve disc, valve disc is fully supported on the peripheral back edge by valve head stop. Valve head stop contacts valve head in the fully open position and prevents valve head from moving further into downstream portion. Also,poppet 150, as it travels inguide end surface 212 ofguide poppet 150 and guide 160/200 will have a near prop-shaped cross section providing a stable operation and lower friction losses than conventional check valves of this type. - A
valve 100 constructed in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention is easily assembled. For example,spring clip 170 is installed onguide 160 by slidingguide 160 throughopen end 175 ofspring clip 170 untilresilient arms outer surface 164 ofguide 160. Next,spring 190 is positioned overstem 154 ofpoppet 150. Then, stem 154 is inserted intoguide 160, and this assembly is inserted throughoutlet port 108 until outer edge portion ofspring clip 170 engages space, slot or groove 186 ininner surface 114 ofhousing 102. In this configuration,spring 190 will biasvalve disk 152 ofpoppet 150 in a closed position againstvalve seat 124. As assembled and in use,poppet 150 is dual spring loaded. For example, aquick acting spring 190 acts on the opening and closing ofpoppet 150 whilespring clip 170 also acts to stabilize movement ofpoppet 150 in the flow velocity during both high and low flow conditions that a typical fixed centralized rigidly mounted poppet guide cannot accomplish. - While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail in the disclosure, the disclosure is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are to be considered within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (16)
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US11435019B2 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2022-09-06 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Valve guide with integral assembly support |
CA3191530A1 (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | Fluid Handling Llc | Check valve assembly having a check valve assembly union formed between a check valve housing, a check valve body adapter and a locking ring |
US11231118B1 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-01-25 | Hanon Systems | Integrated one way valve |
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