RU2599348C2 - Method of generating high-frequency signals and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for creation of devices generating high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies. Device for generating high-frequency signals consists of DC voltage source, forward transmission circuit of three-terminal nonlinear element and reactive four-terminal element, load and external feedback circuit, the external feedback circuit is made in the form of an arbitrary four-terminal element, in parallel connected to three-terminal nonlinear element, three-terminal nonlinear element and a feedback circuit as an integral unit cascade are connected between the output of the reactive four-terminal element and load, load is made in the form of a first bipole with complex resistance to input of the reactive four-terminal element in a transverse circuit is connected to the second bipole with complex impedance which imitates resistance of high-frequency signal generator input source in amplification mode, a reactive four-terminal element is made in the form of L-shaped connection of two reactive two-terminal elements with resistances X_lm, X_2m, which are made of parallel oscillating circuit of elements with parameters L_1k, C_1k, connected in parallel with arbitrary reactive terminal device with resistance x_km.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increase of range of generated vibrations and generation of high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies at arbitrary load impedances.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio communication and can be used to create devices for generating high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies with arbitrary frequency characteristics of the load, which allows you to generate complex signals and create effective means of radio communication with a given number of radio channels.

A known method of generating a high-frequency signal, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing internal feedback in a non-linear element by using a bipolar non-linear element with negative differential resistance, fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and phase balance, which determine respectively, the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and non-linear matching conditions element with a load, (see Gonorovsky IS Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M.: Drofa, - 2006, p. 414-417).

A device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the falling section of the current-voltage characteristics of a bipolar nonlinear element with negative differential resistance, a four-terminal reactive load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, while the parameters of the circuit, bipolar nonlinear element and varicap are selected from the condition of providing the given amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal Ala. (see Gonorovsky I.S. Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M.: Bustard, - 2006, p. 414-417). The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When a constant voltage (current) source is turned on, due to an abrupt change in the amplitude, oscillations arise in the entire circuit, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of internal feedback in a bipolar nonlinear element, a negative differential resistance arises in a section with a falling current-voltage characteristic, which, by matching with a reactive four-terminal, compensates for losses in the circuit. Due to this, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is amplified until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the falling section of the current-voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of generating a high-frequency signal based on converting the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, organizing external positive feedback between the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, and fulfilling the excitation conditions in the form of an amplitude balance and phase balance, respectively determining the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal, and conditions oglasovaniya nonlinear element to the load (. cm Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals -. M .: Bustard - 2006, p 383-401.).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a device for generating a high-frequency signal, consisting of a constant voltage source that sets the operating point in the middle of the quasilinear section of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistor, reactive four-terminal, load in the form of a parallel oscillatory circuit, external positive RC-circuit feedback between the load and the control electrode of the transistor, while the parameters of the circuit, transistor and varicap selected to provide predetermined amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signal (see Gonorovsky IS Radio circuits and signals -.. M .: Bustard - 2006, p 383-401.).

The principle of operation of this device is as follows. When you turn on the source of constant voltage (current) due to the abrupt change in the amplitude throughout the circuit, oscillations occur, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of a positive feedback circuit, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of the transistor, which, by matching with the reactive four-terminal device, starts to operate in the amplification mode until the amplitude of this oscillation increases to the level at which the saturation mode occurs (amplitude limits). There is a stationary mode.

The disadvantage of these methods and devices is the generation of a high-frequency signal at only one frequency. In addition, it does not indicate how it is necessary to choose the values of the parameters of the reactive four-port network at which the excitation mode and the stationary mode occur. This question arises especially sharply when designing generation devices in the HF and UHF bands, on which the reactive components of the parameters of nonlinear elements must be taken into account. Currently, the classical theory of radio circuits does not take this into account. Another disadvantage should be considered the lack of the possibility of generation at arbitrary complex load resistances.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the range of generated oscillations, generate high-frequency signals at a given number of frequencies for arbitrary complex load resistances, which allows you to generate complex signals and create efficient generation devices for radio communications with a given number of radio channels for any given frequency characteristics of the load, for example, an antenna. The possibility of using various options for including a three-pole nonlinear element with respect to a matching four-terminal and various types of feedback expands the possibilities of the physical feasibility of this result

1. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of generating high-frequency signals, based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, the interaction of a high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit, a three-pole nonlinear element, a reactive four-terminal, load and external feedback circuit, excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance, which respectively determine the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signals, the conditions for matching the direct transmission circuit with the load and the conditions for matching the load with the control electrode of a three-pole non-linear element, in addition, an arbitrary four-terminal connected in parallel to a three-pole non-linear element is used as an external feedback circuit, the three-pole non-linear element and the feedback circuit are connected in cascade between the output as a single node reactive four-terminal and load, the load is performed in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, to the input a reactive four-terminal network in the transverse circuit connect a second two-terminal network with a complex resistance simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode, the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously fulfilled at a given number of frequencies by choosing the values of the parameters of the reactive four-terminal network from the condition of ensuring stationary generation mode in the form of equal to zero denominator of the transmission coefficient in gain mode simultaneously on all ass the given frequencies of the generated high-frequency signals at a constant amplitude of the constant voltage source in accordance with the following mathematical expressions:

α = (- E + x _0m ) γ-D; β = Fγ-Ex _0m ,

Where

; $$\beta =\frac{b}{d}$$

- оптимальные значения отношений соответствующих элементов классической матрицы передачи на заданных частотах; $$\gamma =\frac{c}{d}$$

- заданные отношения соответствующих элементов классической матрицы передачи на заданных частотах; а, b, с, d - элементы классической матрицы передачи; r_0m, x_0m - заданные значения действительной и мнимой составляющих сопротивления источника входного высокочастотного сигнала генератора в режиме усиления на заданном количестве частот; r_нm, х_нm - заданные значения действительной мнимой составляющей сопротивления нагрузки на заданном количестве частот; g_11m,b_11m, g_12m,b_21m, g_21m,b_21m, g_21m,b_22m - заданные суммарные значения действительных и мнимых составляющих элементов матрицы проводимостей трехполюсного нелинейного элемента при заданной амплитуде постоянного напряжения и соответствующих действительных и мнимых составляющих элементов матрицы проводимостей цепи внешней обратной связи на заданных частотах; m=1, 2,…N - номера частот.g _11nm = g _11m -r _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m ) + x _nm (g _22m b _11m + b _22m g _11m -b _12m g _21m -b _21m g _1m2 ); b _11nm = b _11m -r _nm (b _11m g _22m + g _11m b _22m -b _12m g _21m -g _12m b _21m ) -x _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m ); g _22nm = 1-g _22m r _nm + b _22m x _nm ; b _22nm = g _22m x _nm + b _22m r _nm ;

; $$\beta =\frac{b}{d}$$

- the optimal values of the relations of the corresponding elements of the classical transmission matrix at given frequencies; $$\gamma =\frac{c}{d}$$

- given relations of the corresponding elements of the classical transmission matrix at given frequencies; a, b, c, d - elements of the classical transmission matrix; r _0m , x _0m - set values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in the amplification mode at a given number of frequencies; r _nm , x _nm - set values of the real imaginary component of the load resistance at a given number of frequencies; g _11m , b _11m , g _12m , b _21m , g _21m , b _21m , g _21m , b _22m - given total values of the real and imaginary components of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element at a given amplitude of the constant voltage and the corresponding real and imaginary components of the matrix conductivity of the external feedback circuit at given frequencies; m = 1, 2, ... N - frequency numbers.

2. The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a direct transmission circuit of a three-pole nonlinear element and a reactive four-terminal, a load and an external feedback circuit, additionally, the external feedback circuit is made in the form of an arbitrary four-terminal network, in parallel connected to a three-pole non-linear element, the three-pole non-linear element and the feedback circuit as a single unit are cascaded between the output reactively about the four-terminal and the load, the load is made in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, a second two-terminal with complex resistance is connected to the input of the reactive four-terminal in the transverse circuit, which simulates the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in amplification mode, the reactive four-terminal is made in the form of a L-shaped connection two two-terminal reactive with resistances X _1m, X _2m, which are formed from a parallel oscillatory circuit element with na ametrami L _1k, C _1k, connected in parallel with an arbitrary two-pole reactive resistance x _km, and the parameter values are determined from the condition of matching the criterion providing a stationary lasing at two frequencies using the following mathematical expression:

g _11nm = g _11m -r _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m ) + x _nm (g _22m b _11m + b _22m g _11m -b _12m g _21m -b _21m g _1m2 ); b _11nm = b _11m -r _nm (b _11m g _22m + g _11m b _22m -b _12m g _21m -g _12m b _21m ) -x _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m ); g _22nm = 1-g _22m r _nm + b _22m x _nm ; b _22nm = g _22m x _nm + b _22m r _nm ; r _0m. , x _0m are the given values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in the amplification mode at two frequencies ω _m = 2πf _m ; m = 1,2 - frequency number; r _nm , x _nm - set values of the real component of the load resistance at two frequencies; g _11m , b _11m , g _12m , b _12m , g _21m , b _21m , g _22m , b _22m - given total values of the real and imaginary components of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element at a given amplitude of the constant voltage and the corresponding real and imaginary components of the matrix conductivity of the external feedback circuit at given frequencies; k = 1,2 is an index characterizing the corresponding numbers of reactive two-terminal with resistance X _1m , X _{2m of the} first and second two-terminal L-shaped circuit at given frequencies.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method.

In FIG. 2 shows a structural diagram of the proposed device according to claim 2, which implements the proposed method of generation according to claim 1 in amplification mode.

In FIG. 3 shows a structural diagram of a matching reactive quadrupole included in the proposed device according to claim 2.

In FIG. 4. shows a diagram of a reactive two-terminal network that implements the first and second two-terminal reactive four-terminal matching in the form of a L-shaped connection of two two-terminal networks (Fig. 3).

The prototype device (Fig. 1), which implements the prototype method, contains a direct transmission circuit in the form of a three-pole non-linear element VT 1 connected to a constant voltage source 2, the first matching filtering device (SFU) 3 (first reactive four-terminal or first matching four-terminal ) and an oscillatory circuit on the elements L 4, R 5, C 6, which is the load 7. The first SFU 3 is connected between the output electrode of the three-pole nonlinear element and the load. Between the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, a second SFU 9 (second reactive four-terminal or second matching four-terminal) is connected with the first two-terminal 8 connected to its input and to the output of the second two-terminal 10 with complex resistances in the transverse circuits. All this together forms an external feedback circuit. The first two-terminal 8 is connected to the load. The second two-terminal 10 is connected to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element.

The principle of operation of the device for generating high-frequency signals (prototype) that implements the prototype method is as follows.

When you turn on the source 2 of the constant voltage due to an abrupt change in the amplitude throughout the circuit, oscillations occur, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio frequency range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback matching with the first reactive four-terminal device - 3 output electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element and load (direct transmission circuit), matching with a feedback circuit (first two-terminal 8 with complex resistance, second reactive four-terminal 9 and second two-terminal 10 s complex resistance) of the load and the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element compensates for losses in the circuit L 4, R 5, C 6. Due to this, feedback from ANOVA and positive balance conditions are realized phases and amplitudes - the conditions of excitation of electromagnetic waves. As a result, the oscillation with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the oscillatory circuit is supplied to the control electrode of a three-pole nonlinear element, which at the initial stage operates in amplification mode. The amplitude of this oscillation is amplified until it increases to a level at which the limiting state of a three-pole nonlinear element occurs. The stationary mode of generation sets in.

The disadvantages of the prototype method and device for its implementation are described above.

на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов, подключенный к источнику 2 постоянного напряжения (на фиг. 2 не показан) и соединенный по высокой частоте параллельно (входы соединены параллельно и выходы - параллельно) к цепи внешней обратной связи, выполненной в виде произвольного четырехполюсника 14, сформированного в общем случае на двухполюсниках с комплексными сопротивлениями. Четырехполюсник 14 тоже характеризуется известными значениями элементов матрицы проводимостей

на заданных частотах (m=1, 2 - номер частоты). Трехполюсный нелинейный элемент и цепь обратной связи как единое целое каскадно включены между выходом согласующего реактивного четырехполюсника 12 и нагрузкой 13 с заданными сопротивлениями z_нm=r_нm+jx_нm на заданных частотах. К входу четырехполюсника 12 подключен двухполюсник 11 с сопротивлением z_0m=r_0m+jx_0m на заданных частотах, имитирующим сопротивление источника высокочастотных колебаний в режиме усиления, возникающих при включении источника постоянного напряжения - 2 в момент скачкообразного изменения амплитуды его напряжения в режиме генерации. Четырехполюсник 12 выполнен в виде Г-образного соединения двух реактивных двухполюсников с сопротивлениями X_1m, X_2m (фиг. 3) Синтез генератора (выбор значений сопротивлений X_1m, X_2m и схем формирования этих двухполюсников (фиг. 4) осуществлен по критерию обеспечения баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз путем реализации равенства нулю знаменателя коэффициента передачи устройства генерации в режиме усиления одновременно на заданных частотах генерируемых сигналов при постоянной амплитуде постоянного напряжения. Выбор сопротивлений четырехполюсника 14 можно осуществлять произвольно или исходя из каких-либо других физических соображений. В данном изобретении значения сопротивлений комплексных двухполюсников четырехполюсника 14 выбираются из условий физической реализуемости. В режиме генерации источник входного высокочастотного сигнала отключается и вместо него устанавливается короткозамыкающая перемычка.The proposed device according to p. 2 (Fig. 2), which implements the proposed method according to p. 1, contains a three-pole nonlinear element 1 with known elements of the conductivity matrix

at given frequencies of the generated signals, connected to a constant voltage source 2 (not shown in Fig. 2) and connected in parallel at a high frequency (inputs are connected in parallel and outputs are connected in parallel) to an external feedback circuit made in the form of an arbitrary four-terminal 14 formed in General case on two-terminal with complex resistances. The four-terminal network 14 is also characterized by the known values of the elements of the conductivity matrix

at given frequencies (m = 1, 2 - frequency number). A three-pole nonlinear element and a feedback circuit as a whole are cascaded between the output of the matching reactive four-terminal 12 and the load 13 with the given resistances z _nm = r _nm + jx _nm at the given frequencies. A two-terminal 11 with a resistance of z _0m = r _0m + jx _{0m is} connected to the input of a four-terminal 12 at given frequencies, which simulates the resistance of a source of high-frequency oscillations in the amplification mode that occur when a constant-voltage source - 2 is turned on at the time of an abrupt change in its voltage amplitude in the generation mode. The four-terminal 12 is made in the form of a L-shaped connection of two reactive two-terminal with resistance X _1m , X _2m (Fig. 3). The synthesis of the generator (the choice of resistance values X _1m , X _2m and the circuits of the formation of these two-terminal (Fig. 4) is carried out according to the criterion of balance amplitudes and phase balance by implementing the vanishing of the denominator of the transmission coefficient of the generation device in the amplification mode simultaneously at the given frequencies of the generated signals at a constant amplitude of constant voltage. and 14 can be carried out arbitrarily or based on any other physical considerations. In the present invention, the resistance values of complex two-terminal quadripole 14 are selected from the conditions of physical realizability. In a generation mode input high-frequency signal source is turned off and instead, a shorting jumper is installed.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When you turn on the source 2 of the constant voltage due to an abrupt change in the amplitude throughout the circuit, oscillations occur, the spectrum of which occupies the entire frequency radio frequency range. The amplitudes of these oscillations decay quickly. However, due to the presence of external feedback and due to the indicated choice of the resistance values X _1m , X _{2m of the} first and second two-terminal circuits of the matching reactive four-terminal network and the circuits of the formation of these two-terminal networks, the feedback becomes positive, which is equivalent to the appearance of negative conductivity in the circuit (g ₂₁ or g ₁₂ ), which compensates for losses in the entire circuit simultaneously at two given frequencies. Therefore, the oscillation amplitudes with given frequencies are amplified to certain levels and then limited. Due to this, the oscillations with the given two frequencies are amplified until the amplitudes of these oscillations increase to a level at which the amplitude goes beyond the quasilinear section of the through-current voltage characteristic. There is a stationary mode. Finally, as a result of the interaction of signals at two frequencies with a nonlinear element in the generation mode, products of nonlinear interaction arise with Raman frequencies ω _n = Iω ₁ ± Kω ₂ , I, K = 0, 1, 2, ....

Let us prove the feasibility of implementing these properties.

и цепи обратной связи

от частоты. При параллельном соединении четырехполюсников элементы их матриц проводимостей складываются. Суммарные зависимости элементов матриц сопротивлений цепи прямой передачи в виде нелинейного элемента и цепи обратной связи от частоты: y₁₁=g₁₁+jb₁₁, y₁₂=g₁₂+jb₁₂, y₂₁=g₂₁+jb₂₁, y₂₂=g₂₂+jb₂₂. Для простоты аргумент (частота) опущен. Найдем условия возникновения колебаний, то есть определим частотные зависимости параметров четырехполюсника (аппроксимирующие функции), оптимальные по критерию обеспечения условий стационарного режима генерации на заданном количестве частот при неизменной амплитуде постоянного напряжения на нелинейном элементе.The initial ones are also the dependences of the elements of the conductivity matrices of a three-pole nonlinear element

and feedback circuits

from frequency. With a parallel connection of four-terminal devices, the elements of their conductivity matrices add up. The total dependences of the elements of the resistance matrix matrices of the direct transmission circuit in the form of a nonlinear element and feedback loop on frequency: y ₁₁ = g ₁₁ + jb ₁₁ , y ₁₂ = g ₁₂ + jb ₁₂ , y ₂₁ = g ₂₁ + jb ₂₁ , y ₂₂ = g ₂₂ + jb ₂₂ . For simplicity, the argument (frequency) is omitted. We find the conditions for the occurrence of oscillations, that is, we determine the frequency dependences of the parameters of the four-terminal network (approximating functions) that are optimal by the criterion for ensuring the conditions of the stationary generation mode at a given number of frequencies with a constant amplitude of the constant voltage on the nonlinear element.

A nonlinear element is described by the conductivity matrix and the corresponding transfer matrix:

where | y | = y ₁₁ y ₂₂ -y ₁₂ y ₂₁ .

The reactive four-terminal (RF) is described by the transfer matrix:

a, b, c, d - элементы классической матрицы передачи.Where

a , b, c, d - elements of the classical transmission matrix.

The general normalized classical transfer matrix of the generator / modulator is obtained by multiplying the transfer matrices (2) and (1) taking into account normalization conditions:

Using the well-known connection of the elements of the scattering matrix with the elements of the classical transmission matrix (Feldstein A.L., Yavich L.R. Synthesis of four-terminal and eight-terminal devices on a microwave. M .: Communication, 1971. p. 34-36) and a transmission matrix (3), taking into account the normalization conditions, we obtain the expression for the gain of the generator in amplification mode:

where g _22n = 1-g ₂₂ r _n + b ₂₂ x _n ; b _22n = g ₂₂ x _n + b ₂₂ r _n ;

g _11n = g ₁₁ -r _n (g ₁₁ g ₂₂ -b ₁₁ b ₂₂ -g ₁₂ g ₂₁ + b ₁₂ b ₂₁ ) + x _n (g ₂₂ b ₁₁ + b ₂₂ g ₁₁ -b ₁₂ g ₂₁ -b ₂₁ g ₁₂ );

b _11n = b ₁₁ -r _n (b ₁₁ g ₂₂ + g ₁₁ b ₂₂ -b ₁₂ g ₂₁ -g ₁₂ b ₂₁ ) -x _n (g ₁₁ g ₂₂ -b ₁₁ b ₂₂ -g ₁₂ g ₂₁ + b ₁₂ b ₂₁ ).

где первое слагаемое - это сопротивление z₀ пассивной части генератора; второе слагаемое с учетом матриц передачи (1) и (2) - это входное сопротивление активной части генератора в виде реактивного четырехполюсника, нагруженного на входное сопротивление

трехполюсного нелинейного элемента с матрицей проводимостей (1), нагруженного на сопротивление нагрузки z_n. Если это условие возникновения стационарного режима генерации записать в виде другого равенства

то ее можно трактовать как условие баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз 1-KB=0 (Гоноровский И.С. Радиотехнические цепи и сигналы. - М.: Дрофа, - 2006, с. 383-401) для эквивалентной цепи с внешней положительной обратной связью. Для данного вида генератора и частотного модулятора

- коэффициент передачи цепи обратной связи;

- коэффициент усиления цепи прямой передачи. Возможны и другие варианты представления этих коэффициентов, но для изобретения это не имеет значения. При любых представлениях этих величин равенство нулю коэффициента передачи соответствует условию стационарного режима генерации согласно иммитансному критерию устойчивости и условию баланса амплитуд и баланса фаз.We transform the denominator of the transfer coefficient and write it in the form corresponding to the immitance stability criterion (Kulikovsky A.A. Stability of active linearized circuits with amplifiers of a new type. M. - L .: GEI, 1962. 192 s):

where the first term is the resistance z _{0 of the} passive part of the generator; the second term, taking into account the transfer matrices (1) and (2), is the input impedance of the active part of the generator in the form of a four-port reactive load impedance

a three-pole nonlinear element with a conductivity matrix (1), loaded on the load resistance z _n . If this condition for the emergence of a stationary generation regime is written in the form of another equality

then it can be interpreted as a condition for the balance of amplitudes and phase balance 1-KB = 0 (Gonorovsky IS Radio engineering circuits and signals. - M .: Drofa, - 2006, p. 383-401) for an equivalent circuit with external positive feedback . For this type of generator and frequency modulator

- gear ratio of the feedback circuit;

- gain of the direct transmission circuit. There are other possible representations of these coefficients, but this does not matter for the invention. For any representations of these quantities, the transmission coefficient equal to zero corresponds to the condition of a stationary generation mode according to the immitance stability criterion and the condition of amplitude balance and phase balance.

Equate the denominator of the transmission coefficient to zero.

We divide in (5) the real and imaginary parts and obtain a system of two algebraic equations:

The solution to system (6) has the form of optimal frequency dependences of the relationships between elements of the classical RF transmission matrix:

Where

To find the optimal dependences of the reactance of the two-terminal circuits that make up the matching four-terminal, on the frequency it is necessary to choose a typical four-terminal circuit, find its transfer matrix, present its elements in the form (2), substitute the coefficients α, β, γ thus defined in (6) and solve the resulting system of equations with respect to some two parameters of the reactive matching quadripole. Here is the solution to the synthesis problem for the L-shaped circuit (Fig. 3):

The implementation of the optimal approximating functions of the frequency dependences of the two-terminal resistances (7) can be carried out in various ways, for example, using the interpolation method by finding the values of the parameters of the selected reactive two-pole, at which their resistances at the given frequencies coincide with the optimal. The values of the parameters of the remaining two-terminal devices can be chosen arbitrarily or from providing any other conditions. Here is an example of the construction of these two-terminal networks for two interpolation frequencies that were used to synthesize the considered alternatives of the generators.

Parallel oscillatory circuit, connected in parallel with an arbitrary reactive bipolar (Fig. 4):

For k = 1, we have the parameter values for the first two-terminal, and for k = 2, for the second two-terminal L-shaped circuit. The index m must be introduced into the notation and other explicitly frequency-dependent quantities.

The implementation of optimal approximations of the frequency characteristics of the parameters of the matching quadrupole (6) and (7) using (8) provides the implementation of the matching condition, amplitude balance and phase balance simultaneously at two given frequencies. The interaction of the signals on two frequencies with a nonlinear element having nonlinear interaction of additional products with Raman frequencies ω _n = Iω ± Kω _{1 2,} I, K = 0, 1, 2 ....

The proposed technical solutions have an inventive step, since it does not explicitly follow from the published scientific data and the known technical solutions that the claimed sequence of operations (execution of an external feedback circuit in the form of an arbitrary four-terminal, connected in parallel with a three-pole non-linear element, inclusion of a three-pole non-linear element and a feedback circuit communication as a single node between the output of the reactive four-terminal and the load, the load in the form of the first two-pole integrated resistance, connecting to the input of the reactive four-terminal in the transverse circuit of the second two-terminal with complex resistance, which simulates the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in the amplification mode (Fig. 2), the implementation of the reactive four-terminal in the form of a L-shaped connection of two reactive two-terminal (fig. . 3), the selection of the frequency characteristics of the first and second two-terminal L-shaped link in the form of which the reactive four-terminal is made, the formation of their circuits in the specified form (Fig. 4), the choice of the values of their parameters from the condition of providing a stationary mode of generation at two frequencies with the unchanged state of a nonlinear three-pole element, provides at the same time the formation (generation) of high-frequency signals at given frequencies.

The proposed technical solutions are practically applicable, since for their implementation three-pole non-linear elements (transistors or lamps) commercially available by the industry, reactive elements formed in the claimed schemes of reactive two-terminal circuits (Fig. 4) can be used. The values of the parameters of the inductances and capacitances of these circuits can be uniquely determined using mathematical expressions given in the claims.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed device consists in simultaneously ensuring the generation of a high-frequency signal at two given frequencies due to the choice of circuits and parameter values of two reactive two-terminal devices of the matching four-terminal network according to the criterion of ensuring the conditions of phase balance and amplitudes at these frequencies with the non-linear three-pole element being unchanged, which, taking into account nonlinear interaction allows you to generate complex signals and create radio communications that operate on the back the given number of radio channels for a given frequency response of all other two-terminal and four-terminal.

Claims (2)

1. A method of generating high-frequency signals based on the conversion of the energy of a constant voltage source into the energy of a high-frequency signal, the interaction of a high-frequency signal with a direct transmission circuit, a three-pole nonlinear element, a four-terminal reactive load and an external feedback circuit, the fulfillment of the excitation conditions in the form of amplitude balance and balance phases determining respectively the amplitude and frequency of the generated high-frequency signals, the conditions for matching the direct transmission circuit with the load and conditions for matching the load with the control electrode of a three-pole non-linear element, characterized in that an arbitrary four-terminal connected in parallel to a three-pole non-linear element is used as an external feedback circuit, the three-pole non-linear element and the feedback circuit as a single node include in cascade between the output of the reactive four-terminal and the load , the load is performed in the form of a first two-terminal with complex resistance, to the input of the four-terminal reactive in the transverse circuit l connect the second two-terminal network with complex resistance simulating the resistance of the generator signal source in the amplification mode, the excitation conditions in the form of a balance of amplitudes and phase balance and matching conditions are simultaneously fulfilled at a given number of frequencies by selecting the parameters of the reactive four-terminal network from the condition of providing a stationary generation mode in the form vanishing the denominator of the gain in gain mode simultaneously at all given frequencies of the generated high-frequency latter is present at a constant amplitude DC voltage in accordance with the following mathematical expression:
α = (- E + x _0m ) γ-D; β = Fγ-Ex _0m ,
Where

g _11nm = g _11m -r _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m ) + x _nm (g _22m b _11m + b _22m g _11m -b _12m g _21m -b _21m g _1m2 );
b _11nm = b _11m -r _nm (b _11m g _22m + g _11m b _22m -b _12m g _21m -g _12m b _21m ) -x _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m );
g _22nm = 1-g _22m r _nm + b _22m x _nm ; b _22nm = g _22m x _nm + b _22m r _nm ;

; $$\beta =\frac{b}{d}$$

- the optimal values of the relations of the corresponding elements of the classical transmission matrix at given frequencies; $$\gamma =\frac{c}{d}$$

- given relations of the corresponding elements of the classical transmission matrix at given frequencies; a, b, c, d - elements of the classical transmission matrix; r _0m , x _0m - set values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in the amplification mode at a given number of frequencies; r _nm , x _nm - set values of the real imaginary component of the load resistance at a given number of frequencies; g _11m , b _11m , g _12m , b _12m , g _21m , b _2lm , g _22m , b _22m - given total values of the real and imaginary components of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element for a given amplitude of the constant voltage and the corresponding real and imaginary components of the matrix conductivity of the external feedback circuit at given frequencies; m = 1, 2 ... N - numbers of frequencies. 2. A device for generating high-frequency signals, consisting of a constant voltage source, a direct transmission circuit of a three-pole nonlinear element and a reactive four-terminal device, a load and an external feedback circuit, characterized in that the external feedback circuit is made in the form of an arbitrary four-terminal network connected in parallel with a three-pole nonlinear element, a three-pole non-linear element and a feedback circuit as a single node are cascaded between the output of the reactive four-terminal and the load the ruzka is made in the form of the first two-terminal with complex resistance, a second two-terminal with complex resistance is connected to the input of the reactive four-terminal in the transverse circuit, which simulates the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in amplification mode, the reactive four-terminal is made in the form of a L-shaped connection of two reactive two-terminal with resistance X _1m, X _2m, which are formed from a parallel oscillatory circuit element with the parameters L _1k, C _1k, parallel cos Inonii reactive with an arbitrary two-pole resistance x _km, and the parameter values are determined from the condition of matching the criterion providing a stationary lasing at two frequencies using the following mathematical expression:

Where

g _11nm = g _11m -r _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m ) + x _nm (g _22m b _11m + b _22m g _11m -b _12m g _21m -b _21m g _1m2 );
b _11nm = b _11m -r _nm (b _11m g _22m + g _11m b _22m -b _12m g _21m -g _12m b _21m ) -x _nm (g _11m g _22m -b _11m b _22m -g _12m g _21m + b _12m b _21m );
g _22nm = 1-g _22m r _nm + b _22m x _nm ; b _22nm = g _22m x _nm + b _22m r _nm ; r _0m , x _0m - set values of the real and imaginary components of the resistance of the source of the input high-frequency signal of the generator in the amplification mode at two frequencies ω _m = 2πf _m ; m = 1, 2 - frequency number; r _nm , x _nm - set values of the real component of the load resistance at two frequencies; g _11m , b _11m , g _12m , b _12m , g _21m , b _21m , g _22m , b _22m - given total values of the real and imaginary components of the conductivity matrix of a three-pole nonlinear element at a given amplitude of the constant voltage and the corresponding real and imaginary components of the matrix conductivity of the external feedback circuit at given frequencies; k = 1, 2 is an index characterizing the corresponding numbers of reactive two-terminal with resistance X _1m , X _{2m of the} first and second two-terminal L-shaped circuit at given frequencies.

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