RU2597686C2 - Kochetov spring vibration isolator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Vibration isolator includes housing, base, resilient element, resilient element top and bottom stroke limiters. Said housing is rigidly coupled with the base composed by round center pad. Resilient element interacts with top and bottom stroke limiters via bottom support barrel and top cover, which is rigidly connected with threaded bushing. In threaded bushing screw for connection of resilient element with vibration isolated object is fixed. Housing in an upper portion is coupled with the cover whereon there is an elastic dynamic object limiter made of an elastomer. Cover comprises an axially perpendicular hole for injection of a ductile lubricant, e.g. solid oil, into the system. Resilient element comprises two coaxially arranged rings and cylindrical helical spring. Rings are interconnected by three resilient flat plates. Spring is located between cover lower surface and upper ring. To lower ring bottom part ring from friction material is attached. Spring turns are covered with vibration damping material, for example polyurethane.

EFFECT: improved efficiency in resonant mode of vibration isolation.

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Description

The invention relates to means for protecting a human operator from the harmful effects of vibration and can be used in various machines and mechanisms, in particular in the machine tool industry, textile and light industry, agriculture, instrument making, and transport engineering.

It is known the use of spring elastic elements for vibration isolation of technological equipment in the textile industry [1, 2, 3, 4]. The calculations show the high efficiency of spring elastic elements in vibration isolation systems, while tests in real factory conditions confirm their effectiveness with high reliability and ease of maintenance.

However, a significant height of the springs is required to reduce low-frequency vibrations.

It is known to use spring vibration isolators [5, 6] with a pendulum suspension, which use a suspension type vibration isolation system with a spring elastic element.

The disadvantage of this type of vibration isolators with a pendulum suspension is their large height dimension, since they belong to the category of suspended vibration isolation systems, where the overall dimensions are not limited in height, and relatively small dimensions in height are required for supporting vibration protection systems.

Known spring vibration isolator with dry friction [7], containing a spring, housing and dry friction damper, the housing is made in the form of a hollow vertical strut interacting with a T-shaped platform, elastically connected with the dry friction damper, made in the form of a sleeve, the inner surface of which spring-loaded friction elements interact with the outer surface of the rack, and on its outer surface a spring is fixed, resting on the base of the rack, and between the interacting surfaces of the sleeve and the rack en the buffer restriction member.

The disadvantage of this type of vibration isolators is the relatively low reliability in the resonant mode due to wear of the dry friction damper, which somewhat reduces the efficiency of vibration protection.

It is known the use of spring elements in vibration isolators [8], containing a housing that is made in the form of upper and lower rectangular plates, between which screw elastic elements of different stiffness are placed so that they form a closed loop around the perimeter of the lower plate, and screw elastic elements are made in the form a package consisting of coil springs of different stiffness and height.

The disadvantage of this type of vibration isolators is the ability to block screw elastic elements in packages, which can somewhat change their overall stiffness, and therefore the effectiveness of vibration protection.

It is known the use of spring elements in vibration isolators [9] with a variable damping structure, comprising a housing with a rod and piston placed in it, and a vibration-proof mass held by springs is fixed at the end of the rod, and the dry friction damper is made in the form of a friction sleeve with restrictive stops at the ends, moreover, the force of pressing the friction elements to the sleeve is carried out through the adjusting screws that are connected to the actuating servo motor, and the signal to turn on the servo motor comes from the micro a processor controlling the operation of a dry friction damper according to a given characteristic and associated with a vibration acceleration sensor.

The disadvantage of this type of vibration isolators is the high cost of the vibration protection system, which is not always justified because of their effectiveness of vibration protection.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a spring vibration isolator with a pendulum suspension according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2269699 [10] (prototype), containing a helical coil spring, the lower end of which rests on the upper flange of the housing and interacting with the pendulum mechanism, which is made in the form of a threaded rod with nuts at the ends and supporting washers resting on rubber elastic elements acting as an elastic hinge, the upper rubber elastic element being located between the upper flange ruzyne and support washer and the lower - between the bearing washer and plate, which is attached vibroizoliruemoe equipment.

A disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low efficiency at resonance due to the absence of vibration damping.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of vibration isolation in a resonant mode.

This is achieved by the fact that in a vibration isolator comprising a body, a base, an elastic element and a travel stop of the elastic element made of elastomer, and a threaded sleeve connecting the elastic element with a vibration-insulated object, the body is rigidly connected to the base, made in the form of a round thrust bearing, onto which the lower cylindrical elastic damping element of elastomer with an axial cylinder-conical hole is supported, which acts as the lower limiter of the course of the elastic element, the axis of which is perpendicular to the base, this, the elastic element interacts with the upper and lower stroke limiters through the lower support cup and the upper cover that covers it, which is rigidly connected to the threaded sleeve axially symmetric to it, and the upper limiter of the elastic element travels on the cover, made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve covering the cover from above while the upper limiter serves as the upper elastic-damping element and is made of elastomer, and a screw is fixed in the threaded sleeve for connecting the elastic element to the vibration-insulated object moreover, the case in the upper part is connected to the lid, on the end surface of which, facing the vibration-insulated object, an elastic limiter of the dynamic course of the object is made of elastomer, and a hole is made in the lid perpendicular to its axis into the viscous lubricant system material, for example solid oil, and the elastic element is made of a combined plate type.

In FIG. 1 shows a frontal section of a vibration isolator; FIG. 2 is a diagram of a combined plate-type elastic element; FIG. 3 is a top view of a plate-shaped elastic element with the frame removed.

The spring vibration isolator contains a housing 8 (Fig. 1), rigidly connected to the base 1, made in the form of a round thrust bearing, on which the lower cylindrical elastic-damping element 4 of elastomer with an axial cylindrical-conical hole 2, which functions as the lower travel stop of the combined elastic element 12, rests.

The elastic element 12 of the vibration isolator is made combined (Fig. 2), the axis of which is perpendicular to the base 1. It interacts with the upper and lower travel stops through the lower support cup 13 and the upper cover 9 covering it, which is rigidly connected to the axisymmetric combined elastic element 12 threaded sleeve 6. On the cover 9 is fixed the upper limit stop of the combined elastic element 12, made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve 5, covering the top of the cover 9. The upper limit serves as the upper elastic damper uring element and made of elastomer. A screw 7 is fixed in the threaded sleeve 6 to connect the elastic element with a vibration-insulated object (not shown). The housing 8 in the upper part is connected to the cover 10, on the end surface of which, facing the vibration-insulated object, an elastic limiter 11 of the dynamic course of the object is made of elastomer. In the lid 10, perpendicular to its axis, a hole 3 is made for injection into the system of a viscous lubricant, for example, solid oil.

The combined elastic element 12 is made dish-shaped and contains a frame (Fig. 2), in which an elastic dish-shaped element is installed. The frame consists of lower and upper parts. The lower part of the frame consists of a base 23, made in the form of a disk with an annular inner groove 24, in which the lower elastic ring 14 of the elastic element of the plate type is placed. The upper part of the frame is made in the form of a cover 17, which is a disk with a central annular recess and rigidly connected by, for example, screws 21 with an upper elastic ring 15 (Fig. 2) of a disk-type elastic element. In the central annular recess of the lid 17, a layer of vibration damping material 19 is placed, for example, of polyurethane, on which a mounting plate 20 is fixed for fastening a vibroisolated object (not shown).

The elastic element of the disk type (Fig. 3) contains at least two flat elastic coaxially arranged rings, the upper 15 and lower 14, interconnected by at least three elastic flat plates 16, which are inclined with respect to the axis of the rings, and the plates, connecting the upper and lower rings, can be made in the form of elastic rods of round or square profile (not shown). The upper ring 15 is connected to the cover 17, and a ring 22 of friction material is attached to the lower part of the lower ring 14 to create dry friction, which provides the necessary damping in the system. Flat elastic plates 16 are located between the recesses 18. The vibration isolator operates as follows.

When a static load is applied to the object, it falls down, compressing the spring 12, which perceives vertical loads, thereby weakening the dynamic effect on the base 1, installed on the floor of a building or vehicle chassis (not shown). Nonlinear damping in the system is due to the presence of the lower 4 and upper 5 stroke limiters of the spring 12, made of elastomer. Horizontal vibrations are damped due to the unrestricted (with a gap) location of the lower support cup 13 of the spring 12 and the upper cover of the spring 9.

When a dynamic load is applied from the side of the object, for example, operating equipment, the vibration is damped by the spring 12 and the elastic-damping elements 4 and 5, the rigidity of which is calculated for the operation of the complex system "overlap - elastic elements - object" in the resonance mode.

The elastic element of the disk type may contain at least one cylindrical coil spring 25 (Fig. 2) located between the lower surface of the cover 17 and the ring 22.

It is possible that the turns of a cylindrical coil spring 25 of a disk-type elastic element are coated with vibration damping material, for example polyurethane.

Vibration isolator spring works as follows.

When vibrations of a vibroinsulated object (not shown), fixed on the mounting plate 20, provides spatial vibration protection and shock protection due to flat elastic plates 16. The layer of vibration damping material 19, which is placed in the Central annular recess of the cover 17 and is made, for example, of polyurethane, increases the damping of the vibration-insulated object at high frequencies, and the ring 22 of friction material contributes to the creation of dry friction, which provides the necessary damping in the system at resonance.

The proposed technical solution is an effective vibration-protective tool that can be used to protect both equipment and the operator, with ease of maintenance and reliability of the structure in operation.

Information sources

1.Kochetov O.S., Sazhin B.S. Noise and vibration reduction in production: theory, calculation, technical solutions. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, 2001 .-- 319 p.: P. 120, fig. 5.6; p. 287, fig. P.Y.15.

2. Kochetov OS Textile vibroacoustics. Textbook for universities. M .: MSTU im. A.N. Kosygina, the group “Sovezh Bevo” 2003. - 191 p. 3.1; p. 61, fig. 3.4a; fig. 3.5.

3. Kochetov OS Vibration isolators of type "VSK-1" for looms // Textile industry - 2000, No. 5. S. 19 ... 20.

4. Kochetov O.S. Calculation of the spatial vibration protection system. The journal "Occupational Safety in Industry", No. 8, 2009, pp. 32-37.

5. Kochetov O.S., Kochetova M.O., Khodakova TD, Shesterninov A.V. Spring vibration isolator with pendulum suspension // Patent for invention No. 2279589. Published on July 10th, 2006. Bulletin of inventions No. 19.

6. Kochetov O.S., Kochetova M.O., Khodakova TD, Shesterninov A.V. Vibration isolating system // Patent for invention No. 2279586. Published on July 10th, 2006. Bulletin of inventions No. 19.

7. Kochetov O.S., Kochetova M.O., Khodakova T.D., Shesterninov A.V., Stareev M.E. Spring vibration isolator with dry friction // Patent for invention No. 2282075. Posted on 08/20/06. Bulletin of inventions No. 23.

8. Kochetov O.S., Kochetova M.O., Khodakova TD, Shesterninov A.V. Vibration-proof pad // Patent for invention No. 2277650. Published on June 10th, 2006. Bulletin of inventions No. 16.

9. Kochetov O.S., Kochetova M.O., Shesterninov A.V., Zubova I.Yu. Vibration isolator with variable damping structure // Patent for invention No. 2303722. Posted on 07/27/07. Bulletin of inventions No. 21.

10. Kochetov O.S., Kochetova M.O., Khodakova T.D. Vibration isolator with pendulum suspension // Patent for invention No. 2269699. Posted on 02/10/06. Bulletin of inventions No. 4.

Claims (1)

A spring vibration isolator comprising a housing, a base, an elastic element, lower and upper limiters of the elastic element travel made of elastomer, and a threaded sleeve connecting the elastic element with a vibration-isolating object, the housing is rigidly connected to the base, made in the form of a round thrust bearing, on which the lower a cylindrical elastic damping element made of elastomer with an axial cylindrical-conical hole, acting as a lower limiter of the course of the elastic element, the axis of which is perpendicular to the base, this, the elastic element interacts with the upper and lower stroke limiters through the lower support cup and the upper cover that covers it, which is rigidly connected to the threaded sleeve axisymmetric to it, and the upper stroke limiter of the elastic element is made on the cover, made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve covering the top of the cover, the upper limiter serves as the upper elastomeric damper element and is made of elastomer, and a screw is fixed in the threaded sleeve for connecting the elastic element with a vibration-insulated object ohm, while the case in the upper part is connected to the lid, on the end surface of which, facing the vibration-insulated object, an elastic limiter of the dynamic course of the object is made of elastomer, and a hole is made in the lid perpendicular to its axis into the viscous lubricant system material, for example, solid oil, the elastic element is made of a combined dish-type, and the combined elastic element is made of a dish-type and contains a frame that consists of lower and upper parts, p and the lower part of the frame consists of a base made in the form of a disk with an annular inner groove, in which the lower elastic ring of the elastic element of the plate type is placed, and the upper part of the frame is made in the form of a cover, which is a disk with a central annular recess and rigidly connected by for example, screws with an upper elastic ring of a disk-type elastic element, and in the central annular recess of the lid there is a layer of vibration-damping material, for example, made of polyurethane, on which a mounting plate for attaching a vibroinsulated object is provided, the plate-type elastic element comprises at least two flat elastic coaxially arranged rings, upper and lower, interconnected by at least three elastic flat plates arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of the rings, with the upper ring connected to the cover, and a friction material ring is attached to the bottom of the lower ring to create dry friction, which provides the necessary damping in the system, and flat elastic the plates are located between the recesses, the disk-type elastic element comprises at least one coil spring located between the lower surface of the lid and the ring, characterized in that the turns of the cylinder spring of the disk-type elastic element are coated with a vibration-damping material, for example polyurethane.

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