RU2596086C2 - Device for magnetic treatment of hydrocarbon fuel in heat power plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat power engineering, particularly to internal combustion engines, gas turbine engines, and boilers, operating on hydrocarbon fuels. Device for magnetic treatment of hydrocarbon fuel is disclosed, containing power supply source 9, electromagnet with windings 1 and 7 arranged directly on/in container 7 with fuel of, at least, one fuel nozzle 3. Electromagnet windings have different powers, each of them therein is equipped with voltage controller 5 coupled with body 6 for operating mode control of thermal power plant.

EFFECT: technical result is increase of efficiency factor of heat and power plants, reduced emission of toxic and greenhouse gases.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to internal combustion engines, gas turbine engines and boilers operating on hydrocarbon fuels. The device is designed to increase the efficiency of thermal power plants, reduce emissions of toxic and greenhouse gases.

It is known that the combustion of gasoline, diesel fuel and natural gas is a chain oxidative chemical reaction, which is accompanied by the release of thermal energy. The rate of the chain reaction of combustion of liquid hydrocarbons is determined, inter alia, by the kinetics of the process of splitting the elements of the system interacting during the reaction. In this case, there is initially a separation into individual molecules, and then into individual atoms. The process of splitting molecules to the state of individual atoms goes through certain stages, at each of which the energy of the combustion process is expended for its implementation. Therefore, the calorific value of liquid hydrocarbons is lower than that of gaseous hydrocarbons, for which there is no need for a preliminary stage of preparation (splitting) of the system into separate molecules and atoms (see Bragantsev V.N. Assessment of the sensitivity of biodiesel to magnetic processing by changing the cetane number. Road transport (Ukraine ), No. 23, 2008, pp. 140-141; Batalov A.A., Larin BC, Chernov A.F., Schaev O.I., Yakovlev S.G. Effect of processing diesel fuel by unipolar magnetic pulses. VGAVT Bulletin, No. 20, 2006, pp. 125-129; Change in physicochemical properties of liquid media by magnetic treatment.Vestnik of Orenburg State University, No. 10, 2011. 199-204: Electronic pecypc: http://www.csicop.org/si/show/magnetic_water_and_fuel_treatment_myth_magic_or_mainstream_science/).

In the period of the initial stage of the development of the process, the burning rate depends on the number of “successful contacts” of the reacting elements of the system. In turn, the number of collisions depends on the number of elements involved, but also, which is especially important, and on their “successful” orientation.

The preparatory stage of the splitting of liquid hydrocarbon systems may consist in either heating this system or exposing it to various physical fields, aimed at obtaining additional energy by each of the bound atoms of the hydrocarbon system to increase their energy and provide separation conditions from the common hydrocarbon chain. One of the promising physical methods for solving this problem is the effect on the atoms of a hydrocarbon system by a magnetic field. The peculiarity of the influence of the magnetic field is that it allows not only to inform the participating elements of additional energy, but also to orient the elements of the system (dipoles) accordingly.

A device for magnetic processing of fuel of an internal combustion engine (RF patent No. 20111880, publ. 04/30/1994), which contains a housing in the form of a pipe with inlet and outlet openings, is equipped with a set of permanent magnets mounted on a tape base and mounted on this housing in turn depending on the orientation of the magnetic fields (parallel and / or perpendicular) to the fuel flow.

The disadvantages of the analogue are the constant magnetic field strength generated by permanent magnets, which reduces the fuel activation efficiency when changing engine operating modes and, accordingly, changing the amount and speed of fuel passing through the magnetic field and is not related to the engine operating mode.

It is also known magnetic fuel processing device for carburetor engines (RF patent No. 2168052, publ. 05.27.2001), which contains a housing of non-magnetic material made in the form of a plate and a magnetic circuit, in the form of two C-shaped brackets, enveloping the ends of the housing plate. Two pairs of rectangular rectangular permanent magnets with gaps relative to each other are inserted into the housing; flow channels are located between each pair of magnets corresponding to the outlet openings of the carburetor diffusers.

The disadvantages of the second analogue are the complexity of manufacturing the design of the magnetic circuit, one-sided directivity of the lines and a constant magnetic field strength, which does not depend on the operating mode of the engine.

A device for processing fuel of a carburetor internal combustion engine (RF patent No. 2190118, publ. 09/27/2002), comprising a hollow body made of a non-metallic casing filled with granules of ferromagnetic material, while the fuel pipe is placed inside the casing; a winding covering the fuel line and connecting the ignition coil to the distribution breaker.

The disadvantage of the third analogue is the filling of the body with granules of ferromagnetic material, which, when the vehicle vibrates, will disorient the magnetic field vector, weakening it, as well as the fragility of the electrical insulation of the granules due to their constant friction. The connection of the winding with the electric circuit of the ignition coil cannot also be recognized as the optimal solution, since such an inclusion will affect the current in the winding, which will depend only on the engine speed, and not on the amount of fuel passing. In turn, the amount of passing fuel depends not only on the speed, but, first of all, on the required power, which the engine must develop at a particular point in time.

Common disadvantages of the above devices for the magnetic processing of hydrocarbon fuels are:

- a constant level of the magnetic field formed by permanent magnets and not related to possible changes in engine operating modes, differing in both developed power and speed;

- a constant level of the magnetic field formed by electromagnets and not adapted to the engine starting mode, the implementation of which imposes increased requirements on the properties of the fuel, especially at low temperatures;

- the electric power supply system of electromagnets does not provide for the possibility of using the parameters of the electric network of the unit, which vary depending on the operating modes of the heat engine, battery and mounted generator to change the parameters of the magnetic fluxes of devices for magnetic fuel processing;

- the inability to use the parameters of the changing load of generators for generator sets (for example, diesel generators) for the corresponding adjustment of the magnetic field;

- the proposed device does not provide for the possibility of their placement on each individual nozzle;

- the designs of the proposed devices do not provide the possibility of their use for fuel systems such as "Common rail", characterized by significantly higher operating pressure of the fuel and the presence of a battery for it.

These shortcomings do not allow to provide the necessary effect of magnetic processing of fuel in the entire possible range of loads and modes of thermal power plants, and therefore, to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of toxic and greenhouse substances in exhaust gases.

A device for magnetic fluid processing (UMOZH) is known, consisting of an electromagnet with a coil placed on a fuel pipe made of diamagnetic material (RF Patent No. 2077678, publ. 04/20/1997). The coil winding is connected to the DC generator of the object on which the CMW is installed.

The specified device is selected as a prototype. The disadvantages of the known technical solutions include:

            - it is not possible to control the current of the windings, which leads to the constancy of the magnetic flux, while the amount of fuel flowing per unit of time can vary by tens or hundreds of times from its amount, which ensures the engine idle to its value at full power;

- a constant level of the magnetic field formed by permanent magnets and not related to possible changes in engine operating modes, differing in both developed power and speed;

- a constant level of the magnetic field formed by electromagnets and not adapted to the starting mode, the confident implementation of which imposes increased requirements on the properties of the fuel, especially at low temperatures;

- the inability to use the parameters of the changing load of generators for generator sets (for example, diesel generators) for the corresponding adjustment of the magnetic field;

- the proposed technical solution does not provide for the possibility of placement on each individual nozzle or its pipeline;

- the designs of the proposed devices do not provide the possibility of their use for fuel systems such as "Common rail", characterized by significantly higher operating pressure of the fuel and the presence of a battery for it.

The technical result from the use of the invention is the creation of a device for the magnetic processing of hydrocarbon fuel in thermal power plants that does not have the disadvantages of the known technical solutions and ultimately allows to increase the efficiency of thermal power plants and reduce emissions of toxic and greenhouse gases.

To obtain the specified result in a device for magnetic processing of hydrocarbon fuel in thermal power plants, containing, like the prototype, an electric power source, an electromagnet with windings located directly on / in the tank with fuel of at least one fuel injector, in contrast to the prototype of the winding the electromagnets are made of different capacities, each of which is equipped with a voltage regulator associated with the governing body of the operation mode of the heat power plant. In this case, the power source of the windings can be an electric accumulator or a mounted electric generator, connected mechanically with the shaft of the heat engine.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device provides elements for adjusting the current of the electromagnet windings during engine operation, which allows to obtain optimal conditions for fuel combustion at each engine operation mode and, accordingly, the lowest values of exhaust gas toxicity and fuel consumption. In addition, it is possible to provide maximum current in the windings of electromagnets during engine start. For this purpose, a powerful current of the starter windings is used during starter starting or with connected equivalent resistance for other types of starting, which can significantly increase the completeness of fuel combustion at this most unfavorable operating mode of a cold engine and, accordingly, reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases.

In addition, the proposed technical solution is different:

- the presence in the electromagnets of the windings, which differ in the operating current;

- the presence of devices for switching on the starter current windings;

- the presence of devices for regulating the current in the windings;

- the presence of devices for connecting current regulators in the windings with fuel supply regulators;

- the presence of a stationary electric accumulator to ensure the operation of the device during engine start-up;

- the presence of a mounted electric generator connected to the motor shaft to ensure the operation of the device in all possible modes of the heat engine or the use of an external current source;

- the design of the windings (torus) allows them to be placed on the main fuel cells of Common Rail systems containing a tank with fuel under higher pressure and pipelines for each controlled nozzle.

Between the set of essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result, there is a causal relationship.

A comparison of the proposed device and the prototype showed that the task is to increase the efficiency of thermal power plants, reduce emissions of toxic and greenhouse gases, is solved as a result of a new set of features, which proves the compliance of the invention with the patentability criterion of “novelty” and “significant differences”.

However, the information search in the field of power engineering, in particular the analysis of scientific, technical, industrial and advertising information about devices for magnetic fuel processing, did not reveal solutions containing certain distinctive features of the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of “inventive level".

The technical solution allows to optimize the magnetic field level for a specific engine operating mode, which will provide more complete combustion of fuel, which increases the efficiency of the cycle and, as a result, provides a reduction in specific fuel consumption, reduction of toxicity of exhaust gases.

The technical nature of the proposed technical solution is illustrated in FIG. one.

The proposed device for the magnetic processing of hydrocarbon fuel in thermal power plants consists of: - an electrical winding 1 with variable resistance to create a magnetic field around the fuel pipe located directly on the fuel pipe of each nozzle 2 or tank with fuel (fuel cell for common rail systems ); potentiometer 3 for adjusting the current of the windings; a pairing device 4 with adjustable arms 4a, 4b connecting the regulatory body of the potentiometer 5 with the fuel supply regulator of the engine 6; an additional starter winding of the electromagnet 7 located on the fuel pipe or tank with fuel 14 (fuel accumulator for systems such as "Common Rail"); device for switching on the additional starting winding 8.

The device also involves the usual elements of a power plant, these include: an electric accumulator 9; starter 10; generator 11; generator voltage regulator 12, high pressure fuel pump 13.

The device described above operates as follows.

It is known that before starting the engine, all its systems are prepared for operation, including the electrical system. When the electrical system is turned on, the low-power winding of the electromagnet receives power and, accordingly, a magnetic field arises. The level of this field will be insignificant, because the position of the regulating rheostat of the winding is determined by the position of the rail of the high-pressure fuel pump, which is set at start-up to the minimum fuel supply sufficient to reliably start the engine.

To facilitate starting the engine, the device has a more powerful winding of the electromagnet, which is turned on together with the start of the electric starter, which additionally ensures the appearance of a powerful magnetic field. After the starter is turned off, the powerful winding is turned off and the magnetic field is regulated only by a regulator connected to the rail of the fuel pump 13. In this case, the depth of regulation is determined by the ratio of the arms of the levers 4a, 4b of the interface device.

The device was developed and tested at the Department of Theory and Design of Marine Internal Combustion Engines of FSBEI HE "Admiral S.O. GUMRF" Makarova. " The above allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (3)

1. A device for the magnetic processing of hydrocarbon fuel in thermal power plants, containing a power source, an electromagnet with windings located directly on / in the fuel tank of at least one fuel nozzle, characterized in that the electromagnet windings are made of different capacities, each one of them is equipped with a voltage regulator, coupled with the governing body of the operation mode of the heat power plant. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the power source of the windings of the electromagnet is an electric accumulator. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the power source of the windings of the electromagnet is a mounted electric generator, mechanically connected to the shaft of the heat engine.

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