RU2595199C1 - Vehicle wheel attachment mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to motor transport, specifically to mechanisms for mounting wheels with rotary hubs, and can be used as additional axis of vehicle or trailer main axis. Vehicle wheel mounting mechanism comprises two bearing axial elements with torsion bars. On torsion bars there are wheel hubs capable of switching from a vertical position into a horizontal position by means of drive and can be locked in extreme positions. Hubs are installed on hinge elements, each including a movable two-arm lever connected with hub and a fixed lever connected with torsion bar. Ends of movable lever are connected with drive.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of vehicles, and in particular to mechanisms for mounting wheels with swivel hubs, and can be used as an additional axis of the car or the main axis of the trailer (rotary module).

The vehicle wheel mounting mechanism is known from the prior art, comprising two axle load-bearing elements with torsions on which the wheel hubs are mounted with the possibility of translating from a vertical position to a horizontal position by means of a drive and locking in extreme positions (see application US 20060148340, class B60F 3 / 00, published on July 6, 2006). The disadvantages of the known mechanism are the complexity and lack of versatility of the design, the purpose of which is to improve the navigability of an amphibious car.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and to ensure the possibility of installing the proposed mechanism on any vehicle in order to increase safety, stability, maneuverability and buoyancy by moving the wheels outside the side dimensions and moving these wheels from vertical to horizontal position, thereby providing free space for opening side doors and using wheels as a footboard on the ground and as floats on the water. The technical result is to increase the reliability of the device. The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the mechanism of fastening the wheels of the vehicle, containing two axial load-bearing elements with torsions, on which the wheel hubs are mounted with the possibility of moving from a vertical position to a horizontal one by means of a drive and fixing in extreme positions, the hubs are mounted on hinged elements, each of which contains a movable two-arm lever connected to the hub, and a fixed lever connected to the torsion bar, and the ends of the movable lever with unified with the actuator. The drive can be made in the form of two manual or electric winches equipped with systems of guide elements, and in the horizontal position the wheels are partially placed under the bottom of the vehicle. Bearing axial elements are preferably fixed in the support pipe using clamps with the possibility of controlling the departure of the wheels. The movable arms are preferably provided with stops for locking in an upright position.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed mechanism, side view (for clarity, the left wheel is in a horizontal position, and the right one is in a vertical position);

in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the proposed mechanism, a bottom view (for clarity, the left wheel is in the vertical position, and the right one is in the horizontal, on the left side of the drawing the hub is shown in both vertical and horizontal positions);

in FIG. 3 - hinge element of the proposed mechanism, side view;

in FIG. 4 - hinge element of the proposed mechanism, end view;

in FIG. 5 - fastening of the bearing axial elements in the support pipe using clamps in the form of bolts;

in FIG. 6 - fastening of the bearing axial elements in the support pipe using clamps in the form of gear racks;

in FIG. Figure 7 shows a prototype of the Light All-Terrain Complex (LVK), namely the Tauride BDtT-3 Off-Road Vehicle based on a commercially available VAZ 21213 car and a collapsible trailer with the proposed mechanisms mounted on the main axis of the trailer in the transport position, side view;

in FIG. 8 - all-terrain vehicle BDtT-3 with the proposed mechanisms mounted on an additional axis in the position of "all-terrain vehicle";

in FIG. 9 - an all-terrain vehicle with the proposed mechanisms installed on the additional axis of the car and on the main axes of the rotary modules.

The proposed mechanism for fastening the wheels 1 of the vehicle consists of two axial load-bearing elements 2, equipped with torsions. The axial elements 2 can be fixed in the support pipe 3 using clamps or mounted directly on the bottom of the car or trailer / rotary module. The clamps provide the ability to control the departure of the wheels 1 under the required gauge. They can be made in the form of bolts 4, which enter into compatible adjustment holes on the pipe 3 and supporting elements 2, or in the form of gear racks 5, which engage with gear 6. When the wheel 6 is rotated, rails 5 with supporting elements 2 attached to them converge / diverge until the required distance between wheels 1 is reached.

Swivel hubs are fixed to the torsion bars of the supporting elements 2 by means of hinged elements 7. These hinged elements enable the hubs 7, together with the wheels 1 mounted on them, to be moved from a vertical position to a horizontal position by means of an actuator 8. The hinged elements are made so that in the horizontal position of the wheel 1 partially placed under the bottom of the vehicle. Each hinge element contains a movable two-arm lever 9 connected to the hub 7, and a fixed lever 10 connected to the torsion 4. The levers 9 and 10 are made integral with the half cylinders mounted on the pivot pin 11, around which the rotation is carried out.

The movable lever 9 is equipped with stops 12 and a lock 13 for fixing in an upright position. The stops 12 are made in the form of plates resting on a fixed lever 10. The lock 13 is made in the form of a housing with a spring-loaded tongue-latch 14, beveled at an angle of 45 °, and a handle 15 mounted on the movable lever 9. The tongue-latch 14 may have a round or flat shape and moves in the lock case 13 when passing through the entire thickness of the fixed lever 10. The lock case 13 is welded to the lever 9, in which a slot is made for the handle 15 with a length equal to the stroke of the tongue-latch 14. The lower part of the lever 10 corresponds to the departure of the wheel disk 1 or commensurate with the distance from torsion bar to the bearing platform of the hub 7. The dimensions of the levers 9 and 10, the stoppers 12 and the locks 13 are also commensurate with the characteristics of the wheel disk 1.

The ends of the movable lever 9 are connected by cables 16 and 17 to the drive 8, which is made in the form of two manual or electric winches equipped with systems of guide elements 18 (guide and tension rollers or guide tubes and rollers). Manual winches are preferably located in the interior of the car (all-terrain vehicle), and electric winches on the rear or front bumper. The use of a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator or combinations of actuators is not excluded.

The proposed mechanism can be installed on a car (all-terrain vehicle) 19, a trailer 20 or a rotary module 21.

On an all-terrain complex, the proposed mechanism can be installed initially in the transport position on the trailer 20 (Fig. 7). When moving from the transport position to the "all-terrain" position (Fig. 8), the mechanism, together with the frame or only with the axis of the trailer 20, is mounted on the bottom of the car 19 (see patent RU 142680, class B62D 61/10, publ. 06/27/2014) . This design allows in extreme conditions or in distressed regions to quickly translate the complex into a working position. Moreover, the claimed mechanism allows landing and disembarkation of the driver and passengers through the side doors, as well as rescue operations using the horizontally located wheel 1 as a means of access to the all-terrain vehicle 19 or as a platform for rescue or other work on the water. The used area of the platform (wheels 1) can be easily increased due to the mechanism of departure of the wheels.

In turn, the rotary modules 21 are easily assembled and mounted from the frame elements of the trailer 20 and the components transported by it, forming with the car 19 a light all-terrain complex with better cross-country ability, handling and buoyancy, with the ability to carry more people and cargo and also conduct rescue operations during floods fires and other extreme conditions. In addition, the trailer can initially be a rotary module with a removable towing device in the form of springs and shock absorbers mounted on both sides of a drawbar that is adjustable in length.

The mounting mechanism of the wheels of the vehicle is as follows.

During stopping / parking of the all-terrain complex, wheels 1 are moved from vertical to horizontal, freeing up space for opening the door and forming a stand to facilitate the exit of passengers from the passenger compartment. To do this, using one of the winch drive 8 pull the cable 16 attached to the handles 15 of the locks 13 of the vertical position. In this case, the latch tongues 14 are disengaged from the fixed levers 10, and the movable levers 9 together with the hubs 7 and wheels 1 are moved to a horizontal position. The second winch of the drive 8 at this time is removed from the brake and the cable 17 freely slides along the guide elements 18, without hindering the rotation of the hub 7. The rotation is carried out to the desired or possible position of the wheel, up to horizontal, while the angular position of the wheel is fixed by the work of the winch.

The wheel is moved from horizontal to vertical position in the reverse order due to the operation of the second winch, pulling the torso 17 to the stop of the stoppers 12 and the tongue-latch 14 of the lock 13. The locking mechanism of the wheels of the vehicle can be used both on one side and on both sides vehicle.

The main advantage of the proposed mechanism is the simplicity and reliability of the design, allowing it to be installed on any vehicle: a car (all-terrain vehicle), a trailer or a rotary module, while ensuring the necessary departure of the wheels under the desired track and sufficient clearance for off-road driving. The proposed mechanism for securing the wheels allows the passenger compartment to open and close the side doors of the vehicle in the "stop" or "parking" mode.

The claimed invention allows to solve the following tasks:

- use the wheels of the additional axis as a footrest to ensure a quick and convenient landing of the driver and passengers;

- use an additional axis with the claimed mechanism as the main axis of the trailer and / or the rotary module;

- reduce the draft (immersion depth) of the vehicle body in large and deep bodies of water, i.e. improve its buoyancy (wheels of an additional axis act as floats);

- to ensure safety during evacuation and when the vehicle is moving along hillsides and ravines by removing the wheel of the additional axis or moving the wheels from a vertical to an angular or horizontal position and thereby reducing the likelihood of capsizing.

Claims (5)

1. The vehicle wheel mounting mechanism, comprising two axial load-bearing elements with torsions, on which the wheel hubs are mounted with the possibility of translation from a vertical position to a horizontal one by means of a drive and fixing in extreme positions, characterized in that the hubs are mounted on hinged elements, each of which contains a movable two-arm lever connected to the hub, and a fixed lever connected to the torsion bar, and the ends of the movable lever are connected to the drive. 2. The mounting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive is made in the form of two hand winches equipped with systems of guide elements, and in the horizontal position the wheels are partially placed under the bottom of the vehicle. 3. The mounting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive is made in the form of two electric winches equipped with systems of guide elements, and in the horizontal position the wheels are partially placed under the bottom of the vehicle. 4. The fastening mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting axial elements are fixed in the support pipe using clamps with the ability to control the departure of the wheels. 5. The mounting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable levers are equipped with stops for fixing in an upright position.

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