RU2594491C2 - Machine for laying of geosynthetic materials into roadbed and method of its operation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of laying of geomaterials is aimed at the expansion of a possibility of application of ground-strengthening geomaterials, such as a volume geogrid and geotextiles as far as it allows in a mechanical manner, using a high mobility carrier, to equip with them an unlimited surface area in any task-dependent direction, with an easy method of storage and use of the geogrid (package), at less complex design as far as there is no (known by a prototype) drum, with the string of a volume geogrid wound on it, and the devices providing and regulating the speed of rotation of the drum, while in the package the larger length of the string of the geogrid is stored, than in the drum with dimensions, allowable for road transport, that reduces idle time connected with the replenishment of consumable material. The technical solution allows performing works on equipping the roadbed at the essential reduction of manual operations and time of work execution.

EFFECT: design of the offered machine for the implementation of the method consists of a standard high mobility carrier, a platform with packages of a volume geogrid, a device for the maintenance of geotextiles rolls, devices installed on it for pulling of the volume geogrid from the package, its extension to the required size, devices for the conservation of the extended geogrid form before its fixing by a backfilling mix, devices for the storage of the backfilling mix, its transportation on the stretched geogrid, levelling and compaction.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to the field of road, rail, airfield construction, and, in particular, to road cars designed to strengthen soils at various sites and equip pavements of permanent, temporary roads, railway embankments and airfields, by laying in the constructed dirt road structure garments of reinforcing geosynthetic materials, for example, such as volumetric geogrid and geotextiles, in order to improve its strength and operational properties STV.

Known and common methods of laying geosynthetic materials, such as, for example, geotextiles, geogrids, volumetric geogrids, on a previously prepared ground surface by its area manually, by stretching the mentioned materials with a large number of road workers, followed by fixing the stretched sections with temporary anchors, subsequently removed before applying the top layer of pavement (coating).

A known machine for laying geosynthetic materials in the sub-ballast layer of a railway track without removing the rail-sleeper (patent for the invention No. 2477349 from March 10, 2013), adopted as a prototype.

The machine includes a device for lifting the rail sleeper. The machine is equipped with a device for maintaining and supplying geotextiles intended for laying it under a volumetric geogrid, devices for drum keeping a volumetric geogrid, a device for feeding a volumetric geogrid under a raised rail-sleeper grid and stretching it to the width determined by the project with guiding mechanisms with an adjustable dilution angle relative to the machine axis, inserted by their ribs into the design of the geogrid.

The geogrid is protected from slipping from the rails by structurally conjugate elements. The machine is also equipped with a device for containing, feeding and distributing the bulk material into the volumetric geogrid, a device for dropping the bulk material from the surface of the sleepers and rail heads into the inter-sleeper boxes, a device for moistening the bulk material before compaction, and a device for leveling and sealing the bulk material.

The disadvantage of the prototype machine is the design of the geogrid maintenance device, because A horizontal drum with a folded (unstretched) geogrid in the form of an extended rectangular-shaped whip is proposed, which, when pulled for feeding to a stretch, gives the rotation of the drum a different speed when the diameter of the winding changes, which necessitates eliminating the inertia of rotation by the brakes, and braking errors are fraught the descent of the whip from the drum and the formation of loops, while this may cause a traumatic situation.

It should also be noted that the prototype was developed and used exclusively for the purposes of railway construction, therefore, it is simply unsuitable for work without the rail-sleeper grid along which the machine moves.

There is a known mechanized method of laying geosynthetic materials (geotextiles and volumetric geogrid) in the road structure (patent for invention RU No. 2476634 dated February 27, 2013), adopted as a prototype, consisting in the fact that the pulling force of a special road machine on the prepared earthen site canvases stretch geomaterials (geotextiles and volumetric geogrid).

The geomaterials are removed from the content devices located on the machine or the platforms connected to it, and the volumetric geogrid is installed on top of the geotextile and transformed into a cellular volumetric structure, which is fastened to the ground in the initial section with several temporary anchor racks, and then immediately filled with the material caused by the project (sand, sand-gravel mixture, etc.) from a hopper located on the machine or associated with it, and the bulk material is immediately leveled and compacted.

When using the method adopted for the prototype, the stretched geogrid is fixed with temporary anchors, the use of which allows the possibility of weak fixation of the pins when hit in hard ground, and therefore, the need to manually finish loose pins.

Also, when implementing this method, it is difficult to replace the drums for maintaining the geogrid after spending the whip. It is assumed that there is additional equipment (cranes) to remove the empty and install a new drum. In the conditions of bottlenecks during repair, for example, railway tracks, this creates additional difficulties.

In addition, the insufficient capacity of the drum, and therefore the length of the path to be equipped, will cause frequent stops of the machine to change the drum, i.e. An increase in repair time (“windows”) will be required.

A package method for storing and using a volumetric geogrid is known, which consists in compactly stacking a volumetric geogrid of a predetermined length on a whip carrier, in which the volumetric geogrid is folded with a serpentine into a single layer or packet (stack) of layers, between which structural elements are laid that allow the layers to be separated from each other, moreover, the use of the geogrid is carried out by pulling it at one of the ends, and the stretched layer is isolated from the effects of other layers (RF application RU 2014136768).

The objective of this technical solution is to distribute the aforementioned method, currently implemented only in railway construction for laying geosynthetic materials (geotextiles and volumetric geogrid) in the protective sub-ballast layer of the railway track, to other areas of road construction by developing the design of a useful machine that is not related to the use of rail ways, as well as the use in the proposed machine in order to increase the surface area of the road, equipped in ezhutkah between charges machine consumable geosynthetic materials, batch process using a bulk storage and geogrid and eliminate the need for installing and removing temporary anchors for retaining the stretched shape prior to its bulk filling geogrid.

The method and machine referred to in the application are implemented by performing technological operations on arranging a surface using a large cross-country carrier, i.e. a wide range of applications from which laying on the prepared soil is carried out in the areas of the underlying geotextile sheet and, on top of it, of the volumetric geogrid, followed by backfilling, leveling and compaction with a backfill mixture, which is provided with several packages of a long geogrid, compactly layered serpentine, and the layers of the package are fastened with screeds, preventing them from scattering during storage and transportation.

To prevent adhesion, the layers are laid with removable structural elements that are removed as the layer is consumed.

The presence of removable structural elements allows you to lift all the upper layers of the package above the lower layer using a lifting device that captures the ends of these elements, thereby freeing the lower layer of the lash for pulling the lash pulling mechanism of the volumetric geogrid.

The mechanism for stretching the volumetric geogrid, as well as the mechanism for attaching the geotextile roll, in the described technical solution is similar to the mechanisms of the prototype machine.

The stretched volumetric geogrid maintains its position by filling its cells with a filling mixture from a filling unit, which is a wheeled frame conjugated with the guides of the stretching mechanism.

The wheels of the excavator are mounted on the balancers, allowing to maintain the horizontal position of the excavator hopper when laying the volumetric geogrid of the adjacent strip, during which the axles of the wheels are located at different heights.

There is also a hopper hopper mounted on the frame of the burrower, designed to contain the buried mixture and dispense it to the geogrid backfill along its edges, which also contains a screw agitator of the packed backfill mixture, a blade leveling and compacting the buried mixture, a pressure roller and profile rubber tracks, free rotation, reconfiguration of the volumetric geogrid before filling it, thereby eliminating the need for temporary anchors.

Replenishment of the charge mixture in the hopper hopper is carried out by standard road equipment (frontal and telescopic loaders, backhoe loaders, etc.).

Moving the wheels of the digger occurs along the ruts outside the geogrid, which eliminates the possibility of damage to the grill until it is filled with the mortar mixture and sealed.

The indicated method and machine for laying geomaterials (volumetric geogrid and geotextile) have advantages in comparison with prototypes, since they are not related to the use of a rail track, they allow equipping an unlimited surface area with the installation of a volumetric geogrid in any direction specified by the task, it is simpler by the method of storage and extraction geogrids for stretching, simpler in design, since there are no drum and devices that provide and regulate the speed of rotation of the drum, a large bag is stored in ina length of the geocell than allowable in the drum on the railway road size, which reduces the number of downtime associated with replacing the sacrificial material using a high permeability medium.

It should also be noted that the prototype was developed and used exclusively for the purposes of railway construction, therefore, it is simply unsuitable for work without the rail-sleeper grid along which the machine moves.

The inventive method and machine allow to carry out work on the equipment of the roadway in a wide range of applications with a significant reduction in manual labor and time to complete the work.

The technical essence of the solution of a useful machine is illustrated in FIG. 1-4, which show the projection of the machine assembly, and in FIG. 2 is given its volumetric image. In FIG. 3 shows a burrower fixing the geogrid and geotextiles in a straightened state to the stage of the main backfill. In FIG. 4 shows a profile rubber caterpillar fixing an open geogrid.

1. The head section of the traction module;

2. Slave section;

3. The connecting node of the platform and track sections;

4. Platform for installing pallets;

5. Lateral guides of the standby geogrid pallet;

6. Lifting racks packages geogrid;

7. Folding hydraulic crane;

8. A pallet with a geogrid package;

9. Transport couplers package;

10. The mechanism for pulling the lash of the geogrid;

11. Guiding devices for the disclosure of the geogrid;

12. The frame of the sleeper;

13. A roll of underlying geotextiles;

14. Pinch roller;

15. The hopper of the sleeper;

16. Profile rubber caterpillar;

17. Crumpled tooth caterpillars;

18. Trolley profile rubber tracks;

19. Track rollers;

20. Dispenser dispensing soil;

21. The blade scraper;

22. Hydraulic cylinders for clamping the blade;

23. Cells covered with soil;

24. The supporting wheels of the geocell digger.

The proposed useful machine for laying geosynthetics in a roadway (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of a standard traction module consisting of a head section 1 and a driven section 2, the basis of which is the above-mentioned two-link all-terrain vehicle on a caterpillar track DT-10 / 20/30, with the necessary modifications.

The traction module is modified by installing connecting hinge assemblies 3 located on the head 1 and driven section 2, and mounted on them by platform 4 with guides 5 and lifting racks 6.

A folding hydraulic crane 7 is rigidly fixed to the platform 4 in the vicinity of the head section of the conveyor 1. Using the crane 7, two transport pallets 8 with volumetric geogrid packages fixed to them are successively installed on the platform 4 and the guides 5. Pallets with geogrid packages 8 have the ability to move along guides 5 with power mechanisms (for example, winches) included in the conveyor equipment.

Each package on the platform 8 is secured by transport ties 9, which prevent the pallet and the geogrid lash from prematurely being transported and stored.

The ends of the structural elements located between the layers of the whip in the package located on the driven section of the conveyor are brought into engagement with the structural elements of the lifting posts 6 before starting work, the second package is installed and fixed after the first on the guides 5 of the head section 1.

At the end of the platform 4, after the package located on the driven section, a mechanism for pulling the lash of the geogrid 10, consisting of vertically arranged pressure and power rollers, is installed.

The guiding devices for opening the geogrid 11 are based on the frame of the sleeper 12 (Fig. 3). A roll installed under the guide 11 with a geotextile cloth 13 is unwound at the same time (or, in the preparation of work, in a different technological sequence) with a stretched geogrid laid on it, forming the underlying cloth. The deployed geogrid in height is fixed by the pinch roller 14 to prevent it from converging from the guides 11. To fix the deployed geogrid in width, i.e. to prevent closing of the cells of the expanded geogrid, profile rubber tracks 16 mounted on the left and right of the hopper hopper 15 with crushable cushion teeth 17, surrounding the edges of the geogrid cells when the cushion tooth is pressed against it are used.

Caterpillars are mounted on bogies 18 with a spring-loaded suspension fastening to the frame of the excavator 12 and rotate together with the guide rollers 19, the tracks and rollers are driven by the walls of the cells of the geogrid when they are engaged with cushion teeth 17 when moving the excavator 15, which prevents the convergence of the stretched excavator 15 cells while they are asleep 15.

Above the tracks 16 on the frame of the burrower 12 (Fig. 3) there is a hopper of the burrower 15 with soil, which enters with the left and right batchers 20. During operation, the mortar mixture enters the batchers by gravity. To prevent soil sticking in the hopper 15, a screw agitator (not shown) is installed in it.

A wedge blade-scraper 21 mounted on the frame of the burrower 15 is used for leveling the burrowing mixture and compressing it with the help of hydraulic cylinders 22, which allows filling the cells along the edges of the geogrid 23 to form two fixing strips of the buried cells, which do not allow the entire stretched geogrid to change its configuration.

The supporting wheels of the excavator 24 are mounted on the balancers, which allow to maintain the horizontal position of the excavator hopper when moving them, on the one hand, on the filled geogrid, and on the other, on the soil level prepared for receiving the geomaterials.

Replenishment of the charge mixture in the hopper of the sleeper 15 is carried out by standard road equipment.

The above machine for laying geomaterials in the roadway is used in the following way:

- a machine equipped with a voluminous geogrid and geotextile, with a hopper of a burrower filled with the filling mixture, is installed in accordance with the technological process on a cleared and prepared track;

- from the lash package installed on the driven section of the conveyor, transport ties are removed;

- after removing the transport ties, the lifting racks lift all layers of the package located on the driven section of the conveyor (except the bottom) upwards, which allows you to free the lower lash of the geogrid manually or with a manual winch, pull it out and fasten it between the vertical rollers of the geogrid feed device, which then pulls to whip by an amount sufficient to refuel the geogrid opening device in the receiving unit, so that the edges of the whip are fixed on the guides and slide along them, which would cause and the traction module, the transition of the geogrid from the “whip” state to the state of full disclosure, provided that the end of the deployed geogrid laid on the ground is fixed with the help of a digger;

- the presence of engagement of the profile tracks with the cells of the stretched geogrid on both its sides is controlled;

- the car starts to move. As the machine advances, it is necessary to control the backfill of the voluminous geogrid stretched over the geotextile with the backfill material from the hopper dispensers, from where it flows to the right and left edges of the geogrid lying on the ground with two streams, fixing it in place and checking the uniformity of filling and compaction of the cells across the edges of the stretched geogrid;

- the hopper should be replenished as it is emptied with standard forklifts, for which a storage of the filling mixture should be organized in a technologically determined place;

- after removing all loops of the geogrid from the bottom layer, remove the released interlayer gaskets for reuse - lower the remaining bag all the way into the transport pallet, release the new lower layer of the lash by lifting the stack of layers of the packet above it using lifting racks;

- start pulling the geogrid from this layer until completely removed.

Further, these steps are repeated until the entire package is fully activated, after which the empty transport pallet is deleted.

Then, the pallet with the remaining packet is delivered to the vacated place by the conveyor of the packet supply, and the operations for its use are repeated.

After laying the entire volumetric geogrid contained in the machine, it is allocated for recharging, and the geogrid with the geotextile laid under it is completely filled with the mixture, its leveling and compaction is carried out with standard road machines, after which other layers of pavement are made in accordance with the project.

The technical result obtained due to the use of the proposed machine in the aforementioned manner is expressed in the acceleration and cheapening of the technological process of manufacturing pavement due to the possibility of mechanized arrangement of large surface areas with a soil-strengthening coating, such as bulk geogrid and geotextile. Moreover, the increase in the area of arrangement occurs not only due to a decrease in the use of manual labor currently used for this, but also due to the use of bulk geogrid packaging, as a method that allows you to place a larger amount of soil strengthening coating in a unit intended to contain the volume of the carrier, to reduce the time reloading the machine with consumables, reduce the amount of transport used to move it.

Claims (5)

1. A machine for laying geosynthetics in a roadway, consisting of one or several modules, one of which is a traction, equipped with couplers for connecting wheeled or tracked modules, a folding crane, equipped with bags and rolls of soil reinforcing geomaterials, devices for keeping geotextiles , a device for removing and storing transport screeds and interlayer gaskets of a package, a device for stretching a volume geogrid to a design Irina by the force of the traction module from the package to the ground over the expanded geotextile cloth, the device for holding the extended volumetric geogrid on the ground until it is finally fixed with bulk material, characterized in that the machine is equipped with a platform for placing packages of the volumetric geogrid on it, equipped with a device for pulling the whip of the volumetric geogrid from the package, guides for moving pallets with packages along them, racks with movable elements to separate the layers of the package when pulling the whips of the volumetric geogrid from it, while the packages on the platform are stored on pallets that are removed after the package has been triggered, and are transported and secured to the platform during transportation and storage. 2. A machine for laying geosynthetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a pinch roller to hold the shape of the stretched geogrid until it is exposed to the filling device. 3. A machine for laying geosynthetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a device that keeps the geogrid in the open state until the geocell cells are filled up with soil in the form of two rubber profile tracks, the crumpled tooth-pillows which envelop the upper edges of the lattice cells when the caterpillar runs over the geogrid and hold it in the open state after coming off the guides for the entire time while it is under the funnel. 4. The machine for laying geosynthetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a soil mixer with a screw agitator that feeds the mixture into the geogrid cells located on both sides of the stretched geogrid through dispensers and is equipped with a wedge-shaped blade with a clamping device blade to the mixture to be filled, for leveling and volumetric uniform filling of the geogrid cells in the extreme rows and to keep the geogrid in the open undeformable state until it is completely filled with the standard tion technology. 5. A method of arranging pavement by stretching a soil-strengthening coating over the earth's surface, which consists in using a special machine for laying geosynthetics, followed by fixing it on the ground with a backfill mixture and filling backfill, characterized in that a trackless vehicle is used as a carrier, as a rule, cross-country, equipped with a platform for placing on it one or more bulk geogrid packages located on removable pallets, etc. why the platform is equipped with racks with movable elements, allowing to separate the layers of the package during operation, and a device for pulling the geogrid lash, consisting of vertically arranged pressure and power rollers, while during expansion on the ground, the volume geogrid is pressed from above to avoid displacement by the pressure roller, and for exceptions to closing the cells, they are in contact with the teeth-pillows of the profile caterpillars located on the sides of the sleeper, which also erzhit hopper for the filling mixture, equipped with a screw agitator, metering device for distributing the filling mixture, which serves to fill in the two streams along the sides volumetric geogrid and wedge, compressed to a fill volume geogrid blade for filling spread out bulk geogrid the filling mixture and compacting in these cells.

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