RU2592361C1 - Rotary machine of volumetric type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to drive mechanical energy consumers. Rotary machine of volumetric type consists of housing 1 with profiled element 2 made in form of a protrusion, hollow wheel-divider 6 with a hole for element 2 and hollow central body 4 with feed channel and working medium discharge channel and with a longitudinal radial slot for wheel 6. Wheel 6 is installed in slot of body 4 with possibility of rotation around its longitudinal axis. Housing 1 is installed with possibility of rotation around its axis in one plane with axis of rotation of wheel 6 and kinematically connected to it. Machine is equipped with tubular shaped element 5 with feed channel and working medium discharge channel and control valves 12, 13, installed on working medium discharge channels of element 5 and body 4. Side surface of element 5 is in form of two interfaced geometrical solids of revolution. Element 5 is rigidly connected with body 4 and installed in wheel 6 with possibility of its rolling at inner surface of one solid of revolution. Surface of other solid of revolution is equidistant from axis of body 4 and technologically interfaced with element 2.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, reduced fuel consumption.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used to drive consumers of mechanical energy, as well as an integral part of an internal combustion engine with a thermodynamic cycle of heat supply to the working fluid with a constant volume.

The device belongs to the class of volumetric rotary machines, the working fluid of which can be either liquid or gaseous substances with increased pressure, for example, compressed air, air-fuel mixture, etc.

A rotary machine is known comprising a three-section housing with a rotor and two spacer wheels housed in it kinematically connected to each other. The rotor is located in the middle section of the housing, is equipped with two blades that overlap the working channel, and is equipped with side walls bounding the working channel. At least in one of the side walls in the areas adjacent to the pressure surfaces of the blades, windows are made, while in the end walls of the working chamber, reciprocal openings are made to which high pressure pipes are connected. The separator wheels are installed in the extreme sections of the housing with the working channel overlapping along the line of contact of their cylindrical surfaces with the rotor. (RF patent No. 2135778, F01C 1/08, publ. 08.27.1999, [1].)

A disadvantage of the known device is that the inlet / outlet of the high-pressure working fluid is carried out through windows made in the side walls of the rotor, and the response openings in the end walls of the working chamber having a very limited size, which leads to higher hydraulic losses and an increase in filling time (pushing) a gaseous working fluid ceteris paribus. In addition, the presence of bounding side walls on the rotor significantly increases the area of movable and fixed structural elements, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the flow of the working fluid from volumes with higher pressure into volumes with lower pressure and an increase in friction losses of these surfaces, thereby reducing the efficiency of the device and the manufacturability of its design. In the known device, only one rotor is involved in the transfer of mechanical energy from the working fluid during expansion, which will require an increase in the overall mass characteristics of the device.

A gas-rotor drive is also known, including a housing, in the bores of which are formed by intersecting cylindrical surfaces, two rotors are placed, mounted relative to the cylindrical walls of the housing with the formation of annular channels interconnected. The device also contains supply channels and a channel for removing the working fluid, made in the form of pipes. Each rotor is equipped with a recess and a profiled blade made reciprocal recess of the other rotor and with the possibility of overlapping the corresponding annular channel to separate it into the expansion zone and the exhaust zone of the working fluid. (US Patent No. 3,472,445 A, 10/14/1969, F01C 1/12 [2].)

A disadvantage of the known design is that the inlet / outlet of the high pressure working fluid, as in the previous solution, is carried out through windows of limited dimensions, which leads to hydraulic losses and increases the time when filling (pushing) the gaseous working fluid. Also, the device does not provide for the use of internal volumes of rotors to accommodate the working fluid, which affects the overall mass, power and expenditure characteristics of the device as a whole.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a volumetric rotary machine containing a housing with a technological hole and a profile element made in the form of a protrusion on the inner wall of the housing, a hollow spacer wheel with a hole for the profile element and a hollow central body with a supply channel and a channel for removing the working fluid and with a longitudinal radial groove under the wheel-separator, the wheel-separator is installed in the longitudinal radial groove of prices the swivel body with the possibility of rotation around its longitudinal axis, the machine contains means for regulating the inlet and outlet of the working fluid, and the body is mounted to rotate around its axis in the same plane with the axis of rotation of the wheel-separator and kinematically connected with it. (RF patent No. 2391514 C1, F01C 1/00, published on June 10, 2010 [3].)

The disadvantages of this design are:

- the presence of mating surfaces of a complex profile of the wheel-separator, which requires the use of special technological equipment to ensure their high-precision manufacturing and additional costs to maintain the necessary tightness during their operation;

- a significant dependence of the usable useful volume of the annular working channel of the device on the area of the longitudinal opening (gap) on the surface of the wheel-separator and the size of the partition walls;

- the formation of negative torque created by the separator wheel due to the difference in pressure of the working fluid acting on part of the surface of the complex profile of the left and right partitions (expansion and exhaust zones) when they are mated.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of using a rotary machine, as well as improving the manufacturability and versatility of the device in the manufacture and use.

The expected technical result of the device is to increase the tightness of the connections of elements, increase efficiency and reduce costs in the manufacture and use.

The expected technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known rotary machine of volume type, comprising a housing with a technological hole and a profile element made in the form of a protrusion on the inner wall of the housing, a hollow spacer wheel with an opening for the profile element and a hollow central body with a supply channel and a channel for withdrawing the working fluid and with a longitudinal radial groove under the spacer wheel, the spacer wheel is installed in the longitudinal radial groove of the central ate with the possibility of rotation around its longitudinal axis, the machine contains means for regulating the supply and removal of the working fluid, and its body is mounted for rotation around its axis in the same plane with the axis of rotation of the wheel-separator and kinematically connected with it, according to the invention, the machine is equipped with a tubular profile an element with a supply channel and a channel for removing the working fluid, the lateral surface of the tubular element is made in the form of two conjugate geometric bodies of revolution, one of which is equal to the diameter of the inner the surface of the separator wheel, and the other is equal to the diameter of the outer surface of the central body, the tubular profile element is rigidly connected to the central body and installed in the separator wheel with the possibility of rolling the wheel along the inner surface of one body of revolution, and the surface of the other body of revolution in the element is equidistant from the axis of the central body and technologically associated with a profile element of the body, while the means for regulating the supply and removal of the working fluid is made in the form of control valves installed on and channels for removing the working fluid from the tubular profile element and from the central body.

Increased work efficiency, improved manufacturability and versatility of the rotary machine compared to the prototype are achieved by:

- increase in the effective volume of the annular working channel as a result of the continued stroke of the expansion of the working fluid in the inner cavity of the separator wheel (due to the possibility of placing part of the central body and the partition of the housing when their surfaces are mated in the inner cavity of the separator wheel);

- reduction of energy losses of the working fluid as a result of improving the tightness of the working volumes of the device by eliminating the areas of mating surfaces of a technologically complex profile and additional sealing technologies;

- reducing energy losses of the working fluid as a result of increasing the tightness of the device’s volumes by eliminating the areas of the mating surfaces of the technologically complex profile and the negative torque created by the spacer wheel;

- the possibility of using the developed technologies of active means of sealing mating surfaces, which will allow using the device as blowers both for compression (pressure) and for expanding the working fluid with improved performance characteristics.

Moreover, the design of the wheel-separator device allows you to:

- to exclude contact of the surfaces of the wheel-separator and the baffle, as well as to localize the technological place for mating surfaces that require compaction of the working volume on the end of the baffle with the central body;

- to place inside the separator wheel parts of the central body with a partition, which ensures an increase in the effective volume of the annular working channel and an extension of the working cycle and more useful work by the device (i.e., the radial angle of movement of the partition increases to continue the expansion or compression cycle);

- reduce the negative torque created by the spacer wheel due to the absence of a complex profile surface associated with the partition.

The inner surface of the housing, the inner and outer surfaces of the parts of the Central body and the wheel-separator in cross section have the correct shape of the bodies of revolution.

The wheel-separator can be made with a diameter greater than the height of the annular working channel, while some of the surfaces of the parts of the central body will have a shape corresponding to the mating surfaces of the wheel-separator. Placing one of the parts of the central body inside the separator wheel ensures its interfacing with the radial partition after the latter enters the gap of the separator wheel during mutual displacement of the structural elements of the device during operation (rotation).

The sealing of the joints of the mating surfaces of the structural elements of the device with geometrically regular shapes is ensured by the possibility of using passive methods of tightness and relative rotation of the surfaces with the same linear rolling speed at their contact point.

Mated in the claimed invention are the following surfaces of the structural elements of the device at their contact point:

- the inner surface of the housing with the outer part of the wheel-separator;

- the end part of the radial septum with the outer parts of the central body;

- the outer and inner surfaces of the separator wheel with the corresponding inner and outer surfaces of the parts of the central body.

Between the mating surfaces during operation of the claimed device, minimum clearances are provided to prevent overflow of the working fluid from volumes with higher pressure into volumes with lower pressure, with acceptable friction losses of these surfaces. Minimization of gaps is achieved through the manufacture of mating surfaces of the structural elements of the device with high requirements for their tightness at the point of contact and is ensured by the accuracy of their parameters in terms of angle, shape and surface roughness. In this case, traditional processing methods are used using precision and special control equipment serviced by highly qualified specialists, which minimizes the leakage of the working fluid in the contact zone of the mating surfaces of the structural elements of the device.

The claimed invention relates to rotary machines of volume type, which have reversible properties and can be used both as blowers and as expanders to change the pressure and movement of the working fluid (gaseous, liquid or gas-liquid, etc.).

In the case of heat supply to the compressed working fluid with a constant volume and ensuring the subsequent expansion of the working gases, the claimed device can be a drive of consumers of mechanical energy, including elements of an internal combustion engine.

The case as an integral part of the rotor of driven machines and mechanisms in longitudinal section with its inner wall, the surfaces of the parts of the central body and the wheel-separator may have the form (profiles) of various bodies of revolution (cylindrical, cone-shaped or other more complex profile). In a cross section of the surface of these structural elements of the device have the shape of circles.

When using the device as a rotary internal combustion engine, its annular working channel and internal volumes of the central body can be divided (by a separator wheel, a radial partition of the housing and other elements) into zones of filling, compression, heat supply, expansion, and the exhaust zone of the working fluid.

The execution of the parts of the central body and the wheel-separator hollow allows you to use their internal cavities as additional working channels, which, in turn, allows you to increase the total volume of heat input and expansion of the device, which accordingly provides increased efficiency of the rotary machine.

The radial partition (radial protrusion, profiled element) can be profiled integrally with the housing by molding or connecting to the inner surface of the housing wall, for example, by welding, while installing it with a minimum clearance between the end part of the radial partition and the outer surface parts of the central body.

The supply of the working fluid to the rotary machine and its removal is carried out through the channels for entry and the channel for the exit of the working fluid, made, for example, in the form of inlet and outlet pipes, respectively.

The invention is illustrated by schematic drawings (presented taking into account the rotation of the rotor clockwise).

In FIG. 1 - transverse section of a rotary machine in the initial position of the structural parts of the device - at the time of completion of the expansion stroke and the beginning of the exhaust of the working fluid and the beginning of filling the working volume inside the spacer wheel with a new portion of the working fluid (the moment of the maximum volume of the expansion zone).

In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary machine in an intermediate position of the structural elements of the device, at which the stage of filling the volumes of the expansion zone with a working fluid is completed.

The rotary machine contains a housing 1 with a profile element 2 made in the form of a protrusion on the inner wall 3 of the housing 1. In the inner cavity of the housing 1 there is a hollow central body 4 with a supply channel and a channel for removing the working fluid and with a longitudinal radial groove under the wheel-separator 6 s hole 9 under the profile element. The machine contains a tubular profile element 5 with a supply channel and a channel for removing the working fluid, the side surface of the tubular element 5 is made in the form of two conjugate geometric bodies of revolution, one of which is equal to the diameter of the inner surface of the spacer wheel 6, and the other is equal to the diameter of the outer surface of the central body 4 The tubular profile element 5 is rigidly connected with the Central body 4 and is installed in the separator wheel 6 with the possibility of rolling the wheels on the inner surface of one body of revolution, and the surface another rotation body in the element is equidistant from the axis of the central body and technologically interfaced with the profile element 2 of the housing 1. The means for regulating the supply and removal of the working fluid are made in the form of control valves 12, 13 mounted on the channels for removing the working fluid from the chamber 10 of the tubular profile element 5 and from the chamber 11 of the central body 4.

The Central body 4, the separator wheel 6 and the housing 1 form the exhaust zone 7 of the working fluid and the expansion zone 8 of the working fluid separated by the profile element 2. The exhaust zone 7 (Fig. 2) is located on the right relative to the profile element 2 of the housing 1, and the expansion zone 8 - on the left (when rotating the rotor clockwise). Mutual placement in the inner cavity of the separator wheel 6 of the tubular profile element 5 of the central body 4 and the profile element 2 (see Fig. 1) ensures the intersection of their trajectories and the continuation of the volume of the annular working channel of the device when the rotor rotates until the latter reaches the vertical position.

The separator wheel 6 is configured to rotate and provide input-output of the profile element 2 and the connection of the annular working channel of the device with the internal cavity of the separator wheel 6, divided by the profile element 2 into the volume "a" to the left of the profile element 2 (see Fig. 1 ) and the volume “c” to the right of the profile element 2.

Zone 8 is the working chamber of the device and is formed from a part of the volume of the internal cavity of the housing 1 and the volume "a" of the wheel-separator 6, connected through a gap (slot) 9 of the wheel-separator 6.

The profile element 2 is installed with a minimum gap between its end part and the surfaces of the outer walls of the parts of the central body 4 and the tubular profile element 5. To ensure synchronization of rotation, the housing 1 is kinematically connected to the spacer wheel 6.

The working volumes of the elements are limited by the end walls of the device.

The device has a channel 15 of the removal of the working fluid in communication with the exhaust zone 8 of the annular working channel.

To increase the efficiency of the device, to balance the action of centrifugal and gas forces acting on the structural elements, and to increase the torque, the rotor machine can be equipped with several profile elements 2 and / or spacer wheels 6, and can also constructively include several sections mounted relative to each other at equal angles and including all of the above structural elements (in each of the sections).

The inlet and outlet nozzles, the fuel supply and ignition system are not conventionally shown in the drawings.

The volumetric rotary machine operates as follows.

The first stage of the expansion stroke (the initial position is shown in Fig. 1). The initial formation of the expansion zone 8 begins with filling the internal volume “a” of the spacer wheel 6 (to the left of the profile element 2) with a new portion of the working fluid and its connection with the inner cavity 10 of the tubular profile element 5 of the central body through the open position of the valve 12.

After the radial baffle 2 of the housing 1 passes through the upper vertical position, the exhaust gases of the previous cycle are released from the internal volume “into” the separator wheel 6 (to the right of the profile element 2) through the gap 9 and channel 15.

In this position of the device elements, the volume of the exhaust zone 7 enclosed in the annular working channel to the right of the profile element 2 and to the left of the spacer wheel 6 reaches its maximum value, and the volume of the expansion zone 8 enclosed inside the spacer wheel 6 to the left of the profile element 2, has its minimum value.

The process of performing useful work by the device begins with filling the internal volume of the spacer wheel 6 with a new portion of the working fluid. The pressure of the working fluid to the left of the profile element 2 is greater compared to the pressure of the working fluid 6 to the right of the profile element 2.

The connection of the annular working channel (to the right of the separator wheel 6 and the profile element 2) with the channel 15 begins to release the expanded working fluid from its volume.

Almost from this moment begins:

- the first stage of filling the volume of the separator wheel 6 (to the left of the profile element 2) with a new portion of the working fluid by connecting the specified volume to the supply channel through the inner cavity 10 of the central body part 5 and the working fluid supply control valve 12;

- the release of the expanded working fluid from the volumes of the separator wheel 6 and the annular working channel to the right of the profile element 2 through the channel 15.

Further rotation of the rotor is carried out due to the energy of a new portion of the working fluid with increased pressure filling the expansion volumes.

The first stage of the expansion stroke of the device begins without supplying heat to the working fluid.

At the calculated angle after crossing the channel 14 with the end part of the profile element 2 of the housing 1, the second stage of filling the volume of the expansion zone 8 with a new portion of the working fluid through the open valve 13 and the channel 14 from the inner cavity 11 of the central body 4 occurs. In this position of the device elements, the expansion zone 8 consists from the internal volume of the separator wheel 6 and the volume of the part of the annular working channel to the left of the profile element 2. The volumes of the expansion zone 8 are connected through a gap 9 of the separator wheel 6.

At the calculated angle of the rotor, valves 12 and 13 are closed, completing the stage of filling the volumes of zone 8 expansion with a new portion of the working fluid.

The second stage of the expansion stroke. When using the air-fuel mixture as the working fluid, after filling the connected volumes of the expansion zone 8 (corresponding to the maximum insulated intake volume or the volume of the combined combustion chamber), the air-fuel mixture is ignited. After ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the combined combustion chamber, heat is supplied to the working fluid, its working pressure and temperature increase (heat supply cycle at V = const).

The second stage of the expansion stroke of the device occurs. The process of expanding the working gases in the isolated volume of the expansion zone 8 ensures the energy of the working fluid with high working pressure and temperature is converted into rotational movement of the housing 1 and the spacer wheel 6 relative to the tubular profile element 5 and the central body 4.

The process (cycle) of the expansion of the working fluid in the working volumes of the combined combustion chamber is completed after the profile element 2 of the housing 1 passes through the upper vertical position, at which the exhaust gases are released from the internal volume of the separator wheel 6 to the right of the profile element 2 through the gap 9 and channel 15.

Using the proposed machine allows, in comparison with the known one, to increase efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, reduce losses and maintenance costs and simplify the technology and manufacturing costs.

Claims (1)

A volumetric rotary machine comprising a housing with a technological hole and a profile element made in the form of a protrusion on the inner wall of the housing, a hollow separator wheel with a hole for the profile element and a hollow central body with a supply channel and a channel for removing the working fluid, and a longitudinal radial groove under the separator wheel, the separator wheel is installed in the longitudinal radial groove of the central body with the possibility of rotation around its longitudinal axis, containing means for regulating the supply and removal of the working fluid, and the housing is mounted to rotate around its axis in the same plane with the axis of rotation of the wheel-separator and kinematically connected with it, characterized in that it is equipped with a tubular profile element with a supply channel and a channel for removing the working fluid, the lateral surface of the tubular element is made in the form of two conjugate geometric bodies of revolution, one of which is equal to the diameter of the inner surface of the separator wheel, and the other is equal to the diameter of the outer surface of the central body, the tubular profile element is rigidly connected to the central body and installed in the separator wheel with the possibility of rolling the wheel along the inner surface of one rotation body, and the surface of the other rotation body is equidistant from the axis of the central body and technologically interfaced with the profile element of the housing, while the control means the inlet and outlet of the working fluid is made in the form of control valves installed on the channels for removing the working fluid from the tubular profile element and from the central body.

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