RU2310081C2 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed rotary internal combustion engine consists of cylindrical stator divided into cross working zones with internal working surface in form of regular circumference, compression plates radially spring-loaded in stator, and rotors arranged concentrically on one shaft in working zones. Engine has two working zones and two rotors, first one with three working projections, and second one also with three working projections but differing on configuration from first one, working zones of stator are divided, each, into three sections through 120 degrees. Engine has first working zone in stator of which three compression plates, three compression chambers, three air suction ports, three electromagnetic nozzles of first circuit and three places of connection of electromagnetic nozzles of second circuit are found. Engine has also second working zone in stator of which three compression plates, three combustion chamber, three electromagnetic nozzles of second circuit, three igniters, three displacement chambers of working stroke of designed value and three combustion products discharge ports are found. Stator of second working zone is displaced relative to first one. Engine is provided with rotor of second working zone with three working projections providing timely closing of combustion chambers, compression of working mixture and its ignition. Processes of suction, preparation of working mixture, compression and delivery take place in separate working zone, and processes of ignition of fuel mixture, working stroke and exhaust take place in other working zone. Combustion chambers arranged in stator housing are igniter part of volume of working stroke and are not separated from the volume. Engine has two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles, 6 pcs. First circuit of electromagnetic nozzles, 3 pcs, provides delivery of fuel into compression space for preparation of working mixture, and second circuit of electromagnetic nozzles, 3 pcs, provides delivery of working mixture into combustion chambers. Electromagnetic nozzles of second circuit are adjusted for operation with delay of injection of working mixture into combustion chamber after its closing by working projection of rotor of second working zone.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of operation, simplified design and improved operation of rotary engines.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular rotary internal combustion engines, and can be used as a drive in various machines, power plants, automobiles, aircraft, shipbuilding and other industries related to the use of power plants. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the engine. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the rotary motor consists of a cylindrical stator, in the above example divided into two transverse working areas (but depending on the required power, dimensions and purpose, it may consist of their optimal number), and concentrically located in the working areas on one the shaft of two rotors, one of which is the "first" having a special configuration, the "second" is different from the "first". In the "first" working area, the processes of absorption, compression of the combustible mixture and its supply to the nozzles of the second circuit of the second working area. In the second working zone, ignition of the combustible mixture occurs, the rotor travels and the exhaust gases exhaust.

Description of the invention

Known rotary internal combustion engine according to the patent of Russian Federation 2203430 dated 2003.04.27, consisting of a stator housing with an inner cylindrical surface and a combustion chamber, a rotor with a profiled outer surface and one protrusion of the interface with the working surface of the stator, three compression dampers (incl. two at the inlet and outlet of the combustion chamber and the third diametrically opposite between the exhaust and suction manifolds) installed in the grooves of the stator with the possibility of contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor for I have suction and compression cavities.

The disadvantages of this engine are

- the process of suction of the fuel mixture occurs a whole revolution of the rotor before it is fed into the combustion chamber, which is associated with its subsidence on the walls of the suction chamber and, as a result, a decrease in engine performance;

- the description does not indicate what keeps the shutter at the inlet to the combustion chamber in the open position during the injection of the combustible mixture into it and that keeps the shutter at the outlet of the combustion chamber in the open position during the working stroke of the rotor;

- the presence of two of the three dampers without specifying the method of their operation implies the need to implement systems that control them, which is associated with the organization of complex kinematic or gas systems. If you try to determine the utilization of the total working surface of the engine to the surface of the stroke for one full revolution of the shaft, then in this case it is close to 0.5. In this case, the efficiency indicator can also be the ratio of the surface of the working stroke to the compression stroke of the preparation of the combustible mixture, which is equal to 1.0.

Also known rotary vane internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2196905 from 2003.01.20, different from the previous one:

- the cyclical nature of the work of the models given in it;

- the introduction of an additional number of movable dampers;

- the introduction of a significant number of inlet, exhaust and bypass valves.

Analysis of the design of this engine shows:

- the combustion chamber, which should be a single integral part of the motor circuit (the expansion volume of the explosion of the combustible mixture - especially in the initial period), in this engine is not separated from it by a small window, also with an exhaust valve that works constantly in explosive conditions, which must through itself skip the initial phase of the explosion in the main engine volume, which is associated with a significant probability of damage and a decrease in engine power;

- the engine is burdened with complex kinematic control circuits for multiple dampers, intake, exhaust and bypass valves, including those involving electric motors. It seems that reliable operation of all this complexity is difficult to guarantee;

- the ratio of the use of the total working surface of the engine to the surface of the working stroke for one full revolution of the shaft in the most effective model of this patent is 1.0;

- the ratio of the surface of the working stroke to the compression stroke of the preparation of the combustible mixture is equal to 1.0.

Closest to the proposed initial idea is a rotary internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2161708 dated 01/10/2001, comprising a housing (stator) with an internal cylindrical surface, with a combustion chamber on the side surface, a rotor with a profiled external surface and two radial shutters installed in the grooves of the housing with the possibility of contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor for the formation of a compression cavity of the combustible mixture and expansion cavity of combustion products with variable displacement - prot type.

A disadvantage of the known engine is that the compressible combustible mixture entering the chamber of the “compressed combustible mixture” through the bypass valve cannot be compressed there at the inlet of the chamber, and immediately begins to overflow through the exhaust window into the working space after the shutter, since the patent does not stipulate or stipulate the conditions for closing the window with the protrusion of the rotor. In this connection, only the flow of the combustible mixture into the space of the working passage, free ignition, completely incomplete combustion will be real and all this will “catch up” with the outgoing protrusion of the rotor up to the exhaust window. In such conditions, the possibility of engine operation is doubtful.

There are no reservations about any other features of the combustion chamber, location of the exhaust window of the combustion chamber, rotor configuration.

The technical result, the achievement of which this invention is directed, is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of the engines of analogues and prototype, as well as to increase the efficiency and further improve the technology of operation of rotary internal combustion engines:

- if possible, avoid an excessive number of dampers, valves and especially complex control systems;

- to ensure technological unity of the combustion chamber with the engine volume of the working stroke;

- to ensure compliance with the classic requirements of ICE for ignition of a combustible mixture "to TDC".

The specified list of technical results and improvements in the technology of operation of rotary engines is achieved by the fact that the proposed rotary internal combustion engine, consisting of a cylindrical stator divided into transverse working zones with an inner working surface of a regular circle, with radially springed dies placed in the stator, with concentrically located in the working areas on one shaft by rotors, according to the invention has two working areas and two rotors, the first of which with three working and protrusions and a second well with three working ledges, but different from the first configuration, the stator working zones each divided into three regions at an angle of 120 degrees. The engine may have a first working area, in the stator of which there are three compression dies, three compression chambers, three windows of air intake, three electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit, three places for connecting electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit. The engine may have a second working zone, in the stator of which there are three compression dies, three combustion chambers, three electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit, three ignition means, three volumetric working stroke chambers of the calculated value, three windows of the exhaust of the combustion products. The stator of the second working area can be offset relative to the first. The engine may have a rotor of the second working area with three working protrusions, providing timely overlap of the combustion chambers, compression of the combustible mixture and its ignition. The processes of suction, preparation of the combustible mixture, compression and injection can be allocated to a separate working area, and the processes of ignition of the combustible mixture, working stroke and exhaust are allocated to another working area. Combustion chambers located in the stator housing are an integral part of the stroke volume and are not separated from it. The engine can have two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles (6 pcs.) - the first circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (3 pcs.), Which supply fuel to the compression space for the preparation of the combustible mixture, the second circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (3 pcs.), Which supply the combustible mixture to the combustion chambers . The electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit can be adjusted to work with a delay in the injection of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber after it is blocked by the working protrusion of the rotor of the second working zone.

The first working area of the stator (Figure 1) is a cylinder with an inner surface of a regular circle that is working, while it is divided into three equal sections under 120 degrees, each of which contains:

- air intake pipe;

- socket installation of the electromagnetic nozzle of the primary circuit;

- connection pipe of the electromagnetic nozzle of the second circuit;

- spring-loaded compression die.

In the stator of the first working zone, a rotor is concentrically located, landing on a common working shaft, having three protrusions with rounded corners, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the radius of the working surface of the stator cylinder. The working surface of the rotor is the outer surface. The angular length "B" of the rounding of the protrusions of the rotor is calculated on the basis of the requirement to ensure the necessary angular coincidence of the surface of the protrusion of the rotor with the circumference of the stator, and the working faces between the protrusions can be convex to concave depending on the power, purpose and dimensions of the engine in accordance with the required design volume compression space.

The second working area of the stator (Figure 2) with a cylindrically regular circumference of the inner surface is divided into three equal sections under 120 degrees. On each of which are placed:

- spring-loaded compression dies at an angle of 120 degrees;

- a combustion chamber of the calculated volume with electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit, means of ignition of a combustible mixture;

- exhaust pipe.

The rotor of the second working area is located on the same shaft with the rotor of the first working area, has three peaks and is divided into three sections having a special design-volumetric configuration, which should provide the most efficient working stroke of the rotor. The rotor vertices have a design length that coincides with the radius of the rounding with the inner circumference of the stator, and must ensure that the combustion chamber is blocked by the design angle "d" for the period necessary to fill the combustion chamber with a combustible mixture, create its necessary compression, and ignite ahead of the required angle "C" from V.M.T.

The invention is illustrated by drawings indicating the main parts that make up the rotary internal combustion engine.

Figure 1 - the first working area of a rotary engine "in the position of completion of compression of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber":

1 - stator, 2 - rotor, 3 - protrusion of the rotor 2, 4 - compression chamber of the suction and compression, 5 - compression die in the groove of the stator, 6 - air intake window, 7 - socket for installing the electromagnetic nozzle of the primary circuit, 8 - connection point of the nozzle the second circuit, the angle "B" is the calculated necessary angular coincidence of the surface of the protrusion of the rotor with the circumference of the stator, the angle "A" is the calculated angle of the location of the nozzle connection of the second circuit and the displacement of the second stator against the course relative to the first.

Fig. 2 - the second working area of the rotary engine "in the position of completion of the stroke, compression of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber is the ignition moment":

1 - stator, 9 - rotor of the extreme working area, 10 - volumetric chamber of the working stroke and exhaust exhaust, 11 - protrusion of the rotor 9, 12 - compression die in the groove of the stator, 13 - combustion chamber of the combustible mixture, 14 - socket for installing the second electromagnetic nozzle contour in the combustion chamber, 15 - socket for installing the ignition means in the combustion chamber, 16 - window for the exhaust of the combustion products of the combustible mixture, angle "d" is the calculated angle of overlap of the combustion chamber, angle "C" is the calculated angle of ignition timing from TDC.

The principle of operation of the proposed rotary internal combustion engine. The rotor 2, placed in the housing of the stator 1 of the first working area (Figure 1), performing a rotational movement along the arrow and at the same time interacting with its protrusions 3 with the working surface of the stator 1, creates in the compression chambers 4 the suction zone and the compression zone to and from itself themselves in the direction of rotation every 120 degrees. the rotation of the shaft, formed by the surfaces of the stator, rotor and spring-loaded compression dies 5. In this case, after the suction zone, the protrusion 3 of the rotor 2 draws in air through the suction window 6, while the air stream picks up a portion of fuel injected by the electromagnetic nozzle of the first circuit, which, interacting with a high temperature of the compression chamber 4, evaporates. At the same time, in the compression zone in front of itself, the protrusion of the rotor 3 compresses the resulting combustible mixture and directs the combustible mixture through the nozzle of the second circuit 8 through the nozzle of the second circuit into the combustion chamber 13 (Figure 2). It should be noted that the electromagnetic nozzle of the second circuit is adjusted to supply the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber 13 with a delay until the combustion chamber 13 is completely blocked by the protrusion of the rotor of the second working zone 11, after which the combustible mixture enters the combustion chamber, is squeezed to the calculated compression ratio continuing to rotate the protrusion 3 of the rotor 2 of the first working area until it completely blocks the connection of the nozzle of the second circuit in the first working area. After this, the ignition of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 13 by means of the ignition 15, ahead of the design angle "C" - to TDC. With the further movement of the protrusion 11 of the rotor 9 of the second working zone, a three-dimensional working chamber begins to form between the surfaces of the stator 1, rotor 9, a spring-loaded compression die 12 and a combustion chamber 13 with its subsequent growth until the rotor 9 rotates by 120 degrees. and until the protrusion 11 of the rotor 9 passes through the window of the exhaust exhaust gas 16. At the same time, the rotor has a working stroke of 120 degrees.

It should be noted that the electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit and the second should have significant structural differences, because if the former provide injection of an insignificant amount of fuel, the latter must provide injection of the combustible mixture in a short period of time of a more significant volume.

Based on the fact that the essence of the claimed solution for this period is not disclosed in the patent and other literature, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is characterized by a new set of essential features for rotary engines, such as:

- separation of the suction processes into a separate working volume (zone) and preparation of the combustible mixture, compression and injection (first working zone);

- the allocation in a separate working volume (zone) of the processes of ignition of the combustible mixture, stroke and exhaust (second working zone);

- the location of the combustion chamber in the stator housing in such a way that it is an integral part of the working stroke volume and is not separated from it;

- the presence of two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles to ensure the supply of fuel into the compression space by the first circuit and the supply of the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber by the second circuit;

- adjustment of the electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit is carried out with a delay in the injection of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber by the calculated value necessary for its overlapping by the working protrusion of the rotor of the second working zone;

- the presence of the specified number of vertices of the rotors of the first and second working zones of a special configuration (shown in Fig.1 and 2).

The effectiveness of the proposed solution can be judged by the ratio of the use of the total working surface of the engine to the surface of the working stroke for one full revolution of the shaft, equal to 1.5 in the declared engine, at 1.0 in the known ones.

Claims (9)

1. A rotary internal combustion engine, consisting of a cylindrical stator, divided into transverse working zones with an inner working surface of a regular circle, with radially spring-loaded compression rams located in the stator, with rotors concentrically located in the working areas on one shaft, characterized in that it has two working areas and two rotors, the first of which with three working ledges and the second also with three working ledges, but different from the first configuration, the working areas of the stator section us each in three portions at an angle of 120 °. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a first working area, in the stator of which there are three compression dies, three compression chambers, three air suction windows, three electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit, three places for connecting electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a second working zone, in the stator of which there are three compression rams, three combustion chambers, three electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit, three ignition aids, three volumetric chambers of the calculated stroke, three product exhaust windows combustion. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator of the second working area is offset from the first. 5. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a rotor of the second working area with three working protrusions, providing timely overlap of the combustion chambers, compression of the combustible mixture and its ignition. 6. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the processes of suction, preparation of the combustible mixture, compression and injection are allocated to a separate working area, and the processes of ignition of the combustible mixture, stroke and exhaust are allocated to another working area. 7. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chambers located in the stator housing are an integral part of the working stroke volume and are not separated from it. 8. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine has two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles (6 pcs.): The first circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (3 pcs.), Which supply fuel to the compression space for preparing the combustible mixture, the second circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (3 pcs.), providing the supply of a combustible mixture in the combustion chamber. 9. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit are adjusted to work with a delay in the injection of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber after it is blocked by the working protrusion of the rotor of the second working zone.

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