RU2592112C2 - Conditioning composition for mineral fertilisers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of mineral fertilisers. Conditioning composition contains a primary amines with length of hydrocarbon chain C₁₂-C₂₂. Primary amines are added while stirring constantly in heated up to 70-80 °C industrial oil and/or a mixture of industrial oils with viscosity at 40 °C from 29-110 mm²/s. Industrial oil and/or a mixture of industrial oils is 98-70 % of composition. Primary amines and/or mixture thereof make up 2-30 % of composition.

EFFECT: invention prevents caking and scuffing of mineral fertiliser based on readily available material at high and low ambient temperatures.

5 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of mineral fertilizers, specifically to a composition intended to prevent caking of mineral fertilizers during storage and transportation from producer to consumer.

A conditioning agent is known for reducing dust formation and caking of fertilizers, including wax, oil, resin, surface-active agent, and possibly a polymer. It includes 5-50 wt.% Wax, 5-75 wt.% Oil, including vegetable oils, liquid animal fats, marine animal fats or their preparations, 30-60 wt.% Resin, which is the remainder of the distillation of unsaturated liquid animal fat, fish fat or vegetable oil or natural resin, 2-15 wt.% surfactant and 0-5 wt.% biodegradable polymer (see RF patent No. 2291847 according to class C05G 3/10, 2007).

The specified agent is complex in composition and due to the inclusion of a large number of components.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a composition for conditioning mineral fertilizers, including primary aliphatic amines of the C ₁₇ -C ₂₀ fraction or tall amines, surfactants. Low molecular weight polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of 5000-30000 and solid hydrocarbons with a melting point of at least 50 ° C are introduced into the composition, while paraffinic hydrocarbons of the C ₁₄ -C ₁₇ fraction are introduced into the composition as non-ionic surfactants Surfactant in the form of ethoxylated fatty acid amides (see RF patent No. 2240297 according to IPC C05G 3/10, 2004).

This composition is complex in production technology due to the multicomponent composition and the limiting stage of the dissolution of polyisobutylene in organic solvents.

The objective of this invention is to develop a simple composition and effective composition to prevent caking and dusty mineral fertilizers based on available raw materials at both high and low ambient temperatures.

This problem is solved by the fact that the proposed composition is conditioning for mineral fertilizers, including primary amines with a carbon chain length of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ . The basis of the composition includes industrial oil heated to 70-80 ° C and / or a mixture of industrial oils with a viscosity at 40 ° C from 29-110 mm ² / s with the addition of primary amines with constant stirring in the following ratio, wt.%:

industrial oil and / or a mixture of industrial oils 98-70 primary amines and / or mixtures thereof 2-30

In addition, hydrogenated tall amine is included as primary amines.

Alternatively, a mixture of hydrogenated tal amine with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length and oleylamine with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length can be used as primary amines.

In addition, when conditioning fertilizers at a temperature of more than 0 ° C in the spring-summer period, an oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 90-110 mm ² / s was used as industrial oil.

And when conditioning at a temperature of less than 0 ° C in the autumn-winter period, industrial oil used is oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 29-35 mm ² / s, or oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 61-75 mm ² / s, or a mixture thereof.

In the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods of the year, the temperature and humidity of the environment are different. A change in the temperature of the medium causes cycles of dissolution and recrystallization with the formation of crystalline bridges at the points of contact of the granules. In spring and summer, storage and transportation of mineral fertilizers takes place in more severe conditions: at high temperatures and humidity. Therefore, the requirements for the conditioning mixture are higher than in the autumn-winter period. In addition, there is the problem of absorbing a mixture of mineral fertilizer conditioning into the granule at high ambient temperatures in the spring-summer season. In the autumn-winter period, there is also the problem of freezing the conditioning mixture in the pipes of the conditioning unit at high viscosities of the conditioning mixture.

Based on this, it is recommended that seasonal SK formulations be used for different times of the year. To ensure the properties of the seasonal composition in terms of viscosity parameters, additional introduction of modifying substances into the conditioning mixture is not necessary, since industrial oils with various viscosity characteristics are introduced into the composition.

The technical result of using this solution is that higher primary amines and / or mixtures thereof with a carbon chain length of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ are introduced into the composition of the composition as an active component, which provide the formation of an adsorption hydrophobic film on the surface of the fertilizer particles, and industrial oils and / or mixtures thereof with a viscosity at 40 ° C from 29-110 mm ² / s to ensure effective and uniform distribution of the conditioning additive on the treated surface. The tests showed that industrial oils and / or their mixture with a viscosity at 40 ° C from 29-110 mm ² / s provide a homogeneous composition, fluidity, uniform distribution of the mixture of mineral fertilizers conditioning on the surface of the granules.

The research results also showed that when I-20 (with a viscosity at 40 ° С 29-35 mm ² / s) and I-40 (with a viscosity at 40 ° С 61-75 mm ² / c) and / or their mixtures with the addition of primary amines with a carbon chain length of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ and / or their mixtures, the resulting compositions are suitable at a temperature of less than 0 ° C for the autumn-winter period in the production of mineral fertilizers. This is because the conditioning mixture with a lower viscosity provides good pipeline fluidity during the conditioning step at low ambient temperatures, which eliminates the problem of clogging of pipelines.

In the study of the composition, in which I-50 industrial oil (with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 90-110 mm ² / s) with the addition of primary amines with a carbon chain length of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ and / or a mixture thereof was determined, they were determined that, this composition is suitable at temperatures above 0 ° C for the spring-summer period in the production of mineral fertilizers. This is because the temperature of the granular fertilizer entering the conditioning stage in the indicated period of time is high, and the conditioning mixture with high viscosity does not penetrate deep into the granules and remains on the surface in the form of a hydrophobic film, which ensures high efficiency of the conditioning mixture during further storage and transportation mineral fertilizers.

According to the test results, the heating temperature of the conditioning mixture was selected to be 70-80 ° C, as the most optimal. At this temperature range, the conditioning mixture is homogeneous, fluid, since the melting point of amines is 60-65 ° C. The temperature of the conditioning additive should not exceed 90 ° C, since with prolonged heating above 90 ° C, amines are destroyed.

The composition is used in an amount of 0.3-0.6 wt.% By weight of the fertilizer, depending on the brand of mineral fertilizer.

Example 1

As industrial oil, I-20 oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 29-35 mm ² / s is used. As the active component, a mixture of higher primary amines was chosen: a hydrogenated tall amine (solid) with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length and oleylamine (liquid) with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain. The composition of the components is as follows, wt.%:

a mixture of tall amine hydrogenated and oleylamine 6 ± 1 industrial oil I-20 94 ± 1

Example 2

As industrial oil, I-40 oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 61-75 mm ² / s is used. A mixture of higher primary amines was also chosen as the active component: a hydrogenated tall amine (solid) with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length and oleylamine (liquid) with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain. The composition of the components is as follows, wt.%:

a mixture of tall amine hydrogenated and oleylamine 6 ± 1 industrial oil I-40 94 ± 1

The conditioning mixtures according to examples 1 and 2 are intended for use at a temperature of less than 0 ° C in the autumn-winter period of time. The use of a conditioning mixture based on a mixture of solid and liquid higher primary amines will provide a conditioning mixture with a lower viscosity.

By mixing higher primary amines: a hydrogenated tal amine (solid) with a typical distribution of alkyl substituents 67% C ₁₈ and oleylamine (liquid) 82% C ₁₈ , a reduction in the mass fraction of primary amines in the conditioning additive is achieved, in this case from ± 9% to ± 6%

The use of a mixture of conditioning oil based on industrial oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C 29-35 mm ² / s, or oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C 61-75 mm ² / s, or their mixture will ensure uniform application of the mixture on the surface of the granules, high efficiency at a temperature of less than 0 ° C of the environment, good conditions for using this mixture at the conditioning stage (eliminates the possibility of clogging of pipelines).

Example 3

As industrial oil, I-50 oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 90-110 mm ² / s is used. As the primary amine, a hydrogenated tall amine with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length was selected. The composition of the components is as follows, wt.%:

tall amine hydrogenated 9 ± 1 industrial oil I-50 91% ± 1

The conditioning mixture according to example 3 is intended for use at a temperature of more than 0 ° C in the spring-summer period of time. The use of a mixture of conditioning oil-based industrial I-50 with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 90-110 mm ² / s ensures uniform application of the mixture to the surface of the granules and high efficiency at high ambient temperatures. In addition, this mixture promotes the formation of a hydrophobic film on the surface of the granules and eliminates the possibility of penetration of a mixture of mineral fertilizers conditioning in the granule with a large porosity of the latter.

These compositions at 70 ° C were applied by spraying on the surface of a granular fertilizer. Testing the effectiveness of the conditioning composition was carried out on NPK samples 15:15:15, because this brand of fertilizer is the most porous and prone to caking. The study of physical and chemical properties was carried out in time: at the beginning of the experiment and after 30 days of storage in a packed form in the laboratory. The caking method is based on determining the load required to break a fertilizer briquette made under certain conditions. The method for determining dustiness is based on calculating the amount of dust released from the product when it is poured in a rotating drum. The processing efficiency of NPK is 15:15:15 (dosage 3.0 kg / t). Efficiency,% after 30 days of product storage (in comparison with the untreated product) is shown in the table:

Table The processing efficiency of NPK 15:15:15 (dosage of 1.5 kg / t) Efficiency,% Example 1 and 2 Example 3 Trackability 93 97 Dustiness 93 96

The data show that the proposed composition is intended for the processing of mineral fertilizers (granule surfaces) in order to improve their anti-caking and dust suppressing properties during storage and transportation. In addition, the use of the proposed composition provides protection of fertilizers from moisture, hardening granules in order to suppress abrasion, provides friability of commodity fertilizers, unimpeded dissolution of the processed fertilizer in the soil, eliminates the need to use several reagents for processing fertilizers, because possesses all protective properties. The compositions are based on available raw materials for use in both spring-summer and autumn-winter periods of the year (at high and low ambient temperatures).

Claims (5)

1. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers, including primary amines with a hydrocarbon chain length of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ , characterized in that the basis of the composition includes industrial oil heated to 70-80 ° C and / or a mixture of industrial oils with a viscosity at 40 ° C from 29-110 mm ² / s with the addition of primary amines with constant stirring in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
industrial oil and / or a mixture of industrial oils 98-70 primary amines and / or mixtures thereof 2-30 2. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that hydrogenated tall amine is included as primary amine. 3. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary amines are a mixture of a hydrogenated taly amine with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length and oleylamine with a C ₁₈ hydrocarbon chain length. 4. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that when conditioning fertilizers at a temperature of more than 0 ° C, an oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 90-110 mm ² / s was used as industrial oil. 5. The conditioning composition for mineral fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that when conditioning at a temperature of less than 0 ° C, oil with a viscosity at 40 ° C of 29-35 mm ² / s, or oil with a viscosity at 40 is used as industrial oil ° C 61-75 mm ² / s, or a mixture thereof.