RU2588984C2 - Method for manufacture of fur skins - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; fur production.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in processing of ship-fur and down and fur, primarily beaver hides. Fur stock is subjected to soaking, wet crushing, fleshing, degreasing, washing, stepped pickling, tanning, drying, breaking down, greasing, ageing, crushing, haulage, drying, grinding. Pickling and tanning of fur stock is carried out in an aqueous solution containing silver and copper citrate. Silver and copper content is 225-275 mg/dm³, and solution is used in concentration of 8-12 ml/l. Proposed method increases ultimate tensile strength of leather fabric under tension by 3.5 %, elongation at break by 8 % and elongation at load of 9.8 MPa by 16 % on average, which increases utilisation of this type of fur and improves shaping of designed furs.

EFFECT: method provides prolonged storage of fur semi-finished product in medium of contaminated by microorganisms and mold, and use of silver and copper citrate during dressing has decontamination action on waste water, which improves environmental safety of process.

1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to light industry and can be used in fur production when processing sheepskin-fur coat and fur-fur raw materials, mainly skins of river beaver.

Known methods for carrying out processes of pickling fur raw materials using various target additives, including surfactants, organic acids and antiseptics, to ensure the preparation of leather and hair coat of fur raw materials for subsequent tanning and finishing processes (Yu.N. Aronina and others. Technology furs. - Legprombytizdat, M., 1974. - 151 p.).

Known compositions containing silver compounds and designed to protect various materials that are biodegradable from damage as a result of exposure to microorganisms [RF Patent No. 2434382, publ. 11/27/2011].

However, there are no effective modes of their application for processing fur skins, the possible negative consequences of using silver and copper citrate in the technological process of fur dressing and its effect on the consumer properties of the semi-finished product are unknown. Closest to the claimed method is a method of making beaver skins using Lowenstein technology (Jos. H. Lowenstein sons, inc. Technological processing schemes for fur-fur raw materials, 2006. - P. 39-40), including soaking 1 in the presence of NaCl - 25 g / l, non-ionic bactericidal wetting agent Wetter NAS - 1 ml / l, ELBRO 100-C enzyme - 0.5-2 g / l; wet pulping, oiling, soaking 2, washing, 2-stage pickling in the presence of NaCl - 50 g / l, Wetter NAS - 0.5 ml / l, formic acid - 4 ml / l, SUPER LOTAN A - 3 ml / l; tanning in the presence of: NaCl - 45 g / l; potassium alum - 40 g / l; a retanning synthetic agent TANNING ASSIST B - 2 g / l and the introduction of glutaraldehyde TAN EZN after 2 hours - 1 ml / l; drying, breakdown, fatliquoring, spilling, scraping, rolling, drying, grinding. All liquid processes are carried out at LC = 20.

The disadvantage of this method is the low elasticity and plasticity of the skin tissue, an undesirable dark shade of the skin tissue, insufficient resistance of the semi-finished product to mold.

The technical objective of the proposed method is to improve the strength and elastoplastic properties of the skin tissue of the fur semi-finished product, providing a milky shade of the skin tissue without yellowness or gray tint, increasing the gloss of the hair, increasing the resistance of the fur semi-finished product to the action of microorganisms and mold during storage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of dressing fur skins includes soaking, wet beading, mesning, washing, 2-stage pickling, while the antiseptic drug Preventol is additionally injected into the soak 2 ml / l; and at the 2nd stage of pickling and subsequent tanning of the skins, an antiseptic preparation is added to the processing compositions containing 225-275 mg / dm ^{3 of} active silver and copper in the form of citrates, at a concentration of 8-12 ml / l.

As the silver and copper citrate, the Sumer SilVet antiseptic of the Sumer SilVet trademark is used, containing 250 ± 25 mg / dm ^{3 of} active silver in the form of citrate, 250 ± 25 mg / dm ^{3 of} active copper in the form of citrate, 0.005-0, 5% citric acid and purified water.

For skins of river beaver obtained by hunting and preserved in a fresh-dry state under natural conditions in the presence of various microorganisms, the antiseptic preparation “Preventol” 2 ml / l is additionally introduced at the stage of soaking to prevent putrefactive processes in high and thick hair.

The technical result consists in the fact that the semi-finished fur product developed according to the claimed method is characterized by better strength and elastoplastic properties compared to the semi-finished product developed by the known technology, has an attractive shine of the hairline, light skin color, a large degree of granularity that improves the performance properties of fur skins, keeps within the normal range the pH of the aqueous extract. Under extreme conditions of long-term storage in an environment infected with microorganisms and mold for more than 30 days at an air humidity of 90-95%, a temperature of 28-30 ° C, the area of damage to the hair coat of a semi-finished product produced by the proposed method was 55% less than that of samples produced by known technology, and did not exceed the normative (GOST 15592-76). The use of silver and copper citrate in the production has a disinfecting effect on wastewater, thereby increasing the environmental safety of the process.

The method is as follows. The skins of a river beaver, after curing, washing and washing according to standard technology, are subjected to two-stage pickling and tanning with the following parameters.

Technological conditions for the production of fur skins on the example of skins of river beaver are shown in table 1.

Further processes and operations are carried out according to the technology. Quality indicators of the semi-finished fur product produced according to the closest analogue and the claimed technology using the example of river beaver pelts are shown in Table. 2, 3 and 4.

As follows from the table. 2, the proposed method allows to obtain a semi-finished fur product, characterized in comparison with the semi-finished product produced by the closest analogue, an increase in the welding temperature, characterizing a large degree of penetration, improving the operational properties of the fur skins while maintaining the pH of the aqueous extract and moisture content within the normal range.

As follows from the table. 3, the proposed method allows to obtain a semi-finished fur product, characterized in comparison with the semi-finished product produced according to the closest analogue, an increase in the tensile strength of leather fabric in tension by 3.5%, elongation at break by 8% and elongation at a load of 9.8 MPa by 16% on average, which allows to increase the utilization rate of this type of fur and improve the shaping of the designed fur products.

As follows from the table. 4, the proposed method allows to obtain a semi-finished fur product that meets the requirements of GOST 28505-90 in terms of welding temperature, pH of the water extract and the area of damage to the hair under extreme storage in an environment infected with microorganisms and mold, compared with the semi-finished product manufactured by the closest analogue, in which the pH value of the aqueous extract increased by 76.5%, and the area of hair damage by mold and putrefactive processes was 90%, which indicates high stability and mold infection during storage of fur skins made by the claimed method.

The use of silver and copper citrate in the production has a disinfecting effect on wastewater, thereby increasing the environmental safety of the process.

Claims (1)

A method for producing fur skins, including soaking, wet pulping, embering, washing, 2-stage pickling, tanning, characterized in that the antiseptic preparation Preventol with a concentration of 2 ml / l is added to the soak, and at the 2nd stage of pickling and subsequent tanning of the skins, an antiseptic preparation containing 225-275 mg / dm ^{3 of} active silver and copper in the form of citrates at an concentration of 8-12 ml / l is additionally introduced into the processing compositions.