RU2588215C2 - Septic tank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment plant.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to structures for preliminary mechanical and natural biological treatment of waste water coming from houses individual development, and can be used for number of permanent residents of up to 9 people. Septic tank comprises housing 1 with inlet and outlet, neck with a cover, an insert in form of a sleeve connected to output of housing. Insert is fitted in housing with division into receiving, intermediate and restricted with walls of insert chamber. Receiving and intermediate chambers can communicate via installed in insert overflow pipe. In lower part of insert on side of intermediate chamber there are drain holes.

EFFECT: invention provides improved design and higher efficiency of purifying waste water.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to structures for preliminary mechanical and natural biological wastewater treatment coming from residential buildings of individual development, and can be used with the number of permanent residents up to 9 people.

Known septic tank containing a housing with input and output, a neck with a lid mounted on the housing, an insert in the form of a glass communicating with the housing exit (see RF patent No. 136036 of 12/27/2013).

A disadvantage of the known septic tank is the low efficiency of wastewater treatment, due to the irrational layout of the chambers, which reduces the path of wastewater, and in the receiving chamber a stagnant zone is formed, because the communication of the intermediate chamber is carried out with the middle part of the receiving chamber.

The technical result consists in improving the design and increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment by creating zoning for a higher sedimentation (sedimentation) process, which depends on the mass, size, shape and density of the particles of the medium, and creating a favorable regime for anaerobic decomposition.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a septic tank containing a housing with an inlet and an outlet, a neck with a lid installed on the housing, an insert in the form of a cup communicating with the housing outlet, the insert is installed in the housing with its separation into the receiving and intermediate chambers communicated through an overflow pipe installed in the insert, while drainage holes are made in the lower part of the insert from the side of the intermediate chamber.

The housing in the area of the insert can be narrowed, while the output is located on the narrowing.

A water seal can be installed in the inlet chamber at the inlet to the overflow pipe, and a water seal with a biofilter can be installed in the insertion chamber at its outlet.

The insert in the upper part can be made with horizontal walls, limiting respectively the receiving and intermediate chambers and having inspection openings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a septic tank; in FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a septic tank.

The septic tank contains a housing 1, an insert 2, a neck 3, an inlet pipe 4 with a diffuser, an overflow pipe 5, a liquid outlet pipe 6, a water seal 7 and a water seal 8 with a biofilter. Box 2 has drainage holes 9.

The septic tank has three cleaning zones - this is the receiving chamber 10, the intermediate chamber 11 and the chamber 12, limited by the walls of the insert 2.

The housing 1 is cylindrical and with a vertical narrowing 13 at the installation site of the insert 2. Insert 2 is made in the form of a glass of irregular shape. The lower part of insert 2 (to the middle of the height) has a smaller cross section than the upper one, in order to increase the volume of purified water in the upper part (purified water zone) and the volume of the lower part to be sufficient for the accumulation of deposited particles. Due to the larger volume of the upper part, a more smoothed process of mixing the settled water with the newly introduced effluents takes place.

The insert 2 is installed vertically in the housing 1 in such a way that the outer surface of the wall of the insert 2 and the inner surface of the housing 1 at the point of narrowing 13 are in contact or have the smallest possible gap. On the inlet pipe 4, a diffuser is installed, made in the form of a plumbing pipe having a cutout at the interface between the liquids in the septic tank and coming from the inlet pipe. The purpose of the diffuser installation is to slow down (expand) the fluid flow by increasing the cross section, destroying the formed film and reducing the sediment agitation.

The three-zone design of the septic tank provides preliminary cleaning and sedimentation of large fractions in the first zone, overflow of water purified from large fractions through a системе110 mm shaped pipe system to the second zone and drainage from the middle water layer into insert 2 for final cleaning.

From the first zone, wastewater through a water trap 7 mounted on a horizontal overflow pipe 5 enters the second zone of the septic tank. The overflow opening of the water trap 7 is located below the level of the water mirror, which makes it possible to fully use its stable state to build up a colony of bacteria. An overflow horizontal pipe 5 is installed in the middle of the insert 2.

After the passage of the second zone, the wastewater through the drainage holes 9 enters the chamber 12 of the insert 2.

At the outlet of the chamber 12, a water trap 8 with a biofilter is installed to reduce substances not washed out from the septic tank during the decomposition process.

The tightness of the housing 1 and the presence of hydraulic locks 7 and 8 at the inlet and outlet of the chambers make it possible to maintain a deficiency of free oxygen, which ensures an anaerobic wastewater treatment process.

Holes 15 are made on the horizontal walls 14 of insert 2 to control the amount of undecomposed sludge in order to determine the need for pumping and to pump out the undecomposed sludge with a sewage machine.

On the body 1 of the septic tank, a neck 3 with a quick-release lid is installed, made in the form of a truncated cone with a cylindrical tip, providing access to the internal volume of the insert 2 and the holes 15 of the insert 2.

The relative position of the housing 1, having a narrowing 13, and the insert 2 with the overflow channel (pipe 5) made it possible to improve the design by creating zones (chambers) to reduce the particle size of particles flowing with flows inside the septic tank. The installation of a diffuser at the inlet to the septic tank allowed to slow the flow rate of the incoming liquid by increasing the cross-sectional area and led to a more uniform distribution of particles entering the water stream in the first treatment zone. Cutout 16 is made the upper part at the boundary of the media entering and being in the chamber 10 to its middle. A pipe section that does not have a cut-out is intended for the accumulation of non-decomposed sludge, which is a seed for the resumption of the activity of anaerobic bacteria after the annual pumping out of non-decomposed sludge. Installation of hydraulic locks 7 and 8 prevents the disruption of anaerobic decomposition processes resulting from hydrodynamic processes that occur when fluid moves in a septic tank.

Installation in the hydraulic lock 8 at the outlet of the chamber 12 of the biofilter performs the final removal of suspended solids.

Claims (5)

1. A septic tank comprising a housing with an inlet and an outlet, a neck with a lid installed on the housing, an insert in the form of a cup communicating with the housing outlet, characterized in that the insert is installed in the housing with its separation into a receiving, intermediate and limited by the walls of the camera insert, a receiving and the intermediate chamber is configured to communicate with each other through an overflow pipe installed in the insert, while drainage holes are made in the lower part of the insert from the side of the intermediate chamber. 2. The septic tank under item 1, characterized in that the housing in the area of the insert is narrowed, while the output is located on the narrowing. 3. A septic tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a water seal is installed in the inlet chamber at the inlet of the overflow pipe, and a water seal with a biofilter is installed in the insertion chamber at its outlet. 4. A septic tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insert in the upper part is made with horizontal walls, limiting respectively the receiving and intermediate chambers and having inspection openings. 5. The septic tank according to claim 3, characterized in that the insert in the upper part is made with horizontal walls, limiting respectively the receiving and intermediate chambers and having inspection openings.

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