RU2587383C1 - Supporting and coupling assembly of mechanical drive of shipboard artillery installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship artillery installations of medium calibre, in which are widely used mechanical drives converting supplied primary mechanical energy into mechanical work of actuator. Supporting and coupling assembly of mechanical drive of shipboard artillery installation comprises tubular body connected to driven part of artillery mount, rod inserted into tubular housing and forming together with it reciprocation kinematic pair “housing-rod” with cylindrical surface of contact of adjacent links and contact link connected with rod. Movable part of artillery mount transmits kinetic energy of its motion to driven part of artillery mount. On tubular housing there is coupling forming with this body reciprocation kinematic pair “housing-coupling” with cylindrical surface of contact of adjacent links. In cylindrical wall of tubular housing there are holes to accommodate balls, and on inner cylindrical surface of coupling and outer cylindrical surface of rod annular grooves are made with provision of geometric closure of kinematic pair “housing-rod” with balls, when they are in groove of rod, and displacement of balls into groove of coupling at its displacement relative to body. Contact link can be made in form of double-arm lever, support of rotation of which is fixed on driven part of artillery mount.

EFFECT: obtained is elimination of peak load of drive of its drive part at opening of drive and driven parts of artillery mount and higher reliability of separate units and probability of faultless operation of mount in general.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to medium-sized naval artillery installations in which mechanical drives are widely used that convert the supplied primary mechanical energy to the mechanical operation of an actuator. Actuators that convert mechanical energy include, for example, a spring actuator of the rammer of an artillery machine gun, for charging which the kinetic energy of the recoil parts of the artillery gun is used. The peculiarity of these drives is that the movable part of the artillery installation, transmitting the kinetic energy of its movement, and the movable part of this installation, driven in motion, do not have the same length of movement. In these drives, the process of transferring mechanical energy, including the operation of coupling the transmitting and receiving parts, their joint movement and subsequent separation, is provided by the corresponding fifth wheel assembly.

Known fifth wheel assembly used in the mechanical drive of the receiver of an artillery machine gun of a ship’s artillery installation (see RF patent for invention No. 2533947, published November 27, 2014, Bull. No. 33).

This well-known fifth wheel assembly, selected by the prototype of the claimed device, includes a hook and a spring cylinder forming a crank-link mechanism with which the receiver arm of the artillery machine is equipped. In this mechanism, the links of the spring cylinder form a reciprocating kinematic pair of "body-rod" with a cylindrical contact surface and a force closure of the mating links by means of a spring, and the hook is a crank, which, when turning through the dead position, is fixed by the spring cylinder in the extreme positions - active and passive. When transferring the hook from the passive to the active position, it interacts with the corresponding protrusion on the feeder of the artillery machine, made in the form of a cart conveyor. At the moment of coupling of the lever of the receiver of the artillery machine with a non-stop moving cart conveyor, the said spring cylinder also acts as a shock absorber. The short angular movement of the receiver arm in conjunction with the cart conveyor is limited by the stop that stops this arm. The trolley conveyor, which continues its non-stop movement, turns the hook into its extreme passive position, in which the hook is fixed by a spring cylinder. Since the compression of the spring in the spring cylinder increases when the hook is rotated, the transfer of the hook from the active to the passive position is accompanied by a peak increase in the load on the drive of the cart conveyor, which is a drawback of the known coupling scheme, joint movement and subsequent separation of the artillery unit driving and driven parts. The reason for this drawback is the presence in the fifth wheel of the prototype reciprocating kinematic pair with a power circuit of the mating links by means of a spring.

The objective of the invention is to exclude when opening the leading and driven parts of the artillery installation peak load drive its leading part.

The problem is solved as follows: in the well-known fifth wheel assembly of the mechanical drive of the ship’s artillery installation, containing a tubular body connected to the driven part of the artillery installation, a rod inserted into the tubular body and forming together with it a reciprocating kinematic pair of “hull rod "with a cylindrical contact surface of the mating links, and a contact link connected to the rod, which is directly affected by the corresponding movable part of the artillery installation, transmitting the kinetic energy of its movement to the driven part of the artillery installation, according to the claimed invention, a sleeve is mounted on the tubular body, forming a reciprocating kinematic pair of the body-sleeve with the cylindrical contact surface of the mating links in round holes, made in the cylindrical wall of the tubular body, balls with a diameter greater than the thickness of this wall are located, and on the inner cylindrical surface In the case of the coupling and the outer cylindrical surface of the rod, annular grooves are made to ensure the geometrical closure of the kinematic pair “body-rod” by balls when they are in the rod groove, and to displace the balls into the groove of the coupling when it is displaced relative to the body.

Also according to the claimed invention, the contact link, made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, the support of rotation of which is fixed on the driven part of the artillery unit, is pivotally connected to the rod, and the tubular body is pivotally connected to an elastic support fixed to the movable part of the artillery installation, while a crank-link mechanism is formed, in which the contact link is a crank, the tubular body is a rocker, and the rod is a connecting rod.

Also, according to the claimed invention, the connection of the tubular body to the driven part of the artillery mount is made in the form of a flange connection, and the contact link, made in the form of a tip, is fixed to the rod.

The inventive device in comparison with the prototype has significant differences and has new technical properties that are absent in the known fifth wheel assembly of the mechanical drive of a medium-sized ship’s artillery mount.

It is essential in the claimed device that the coupling and joint movement of the transmitting and receiving kinetic energy parts of the artillery installation occurs when the tubular body and the rod are motionlessly interconnected by balls, which are closed by a sleeve in the groove of the rod. Before the separation of the indicated moving parts of the artillery mount, the coupling moves relative to the tubular body, and the rod, displacing the balls into the groove of the coupling, moves freely relative to the tubular body. Thus, translations of the fifth wheel from the active to the passive position and vice versa are not accompanied by a peak increase in the load on the drive of the movable part of the artillery installation, which transfers the kinetic energy of its movement to the driven part of the installation.

The claimed technical solution, while maintaining the advantages of the prototype, the totality of its essential features increases the reliability of individual nodes and the likelihood of failure of the installation as a whole.

Analysis of the existing scientific, technical and patent information showed the uncertainty of the proposed combination of significant distinguishing features. Some significant features were also unknown. Thus, the present invention can be considered as meeting the patentability criterion of "novelty."

In the inventive device, there is an unconventional solution to the problem, namely, the power closure of the kinematic pair taking place in the prototype, in which one link restricts the movement of the other link due to the spring force, in the inventive device is supplemented by the geometric closure of the kinematic pair, in which one link restricts the movement of the other link due to the geometric shape of the elements of the links. For a specialist, such a solution does not logically follow from the well-known technical level of development of mechanical drives of medium-caliber shipboard artillery installations. Thus, the present invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

In the description of the device and operation of the inventive fifth wheel assembly, two examples of its execution are given, depending on the nature of the movement of the part of the artillery installation transmitting primary mechanical energy, which can be either continuous in one direction, or reciprocating or reciprocating. An example of a fifth wheel assembly for an artillery machine receiver corresponds to a mechanical drive in which a part of the artillery installation transmitting primary mechanical energy moves continuously in one direction. An example of a fifth wheel assembly designed for an extension of an artillery machine corresponds to a mechanical drive in which a part of the artillery installation transmitting primary mechanical energy moves back and forth.

The device and operation of the inventive fifth wheel assembly are illustrated by the drawings:

- in FIG. 1 shows the hitch assembly of a receiver of an artillery machine gun in its initial position;

- in FIG. 2 shows a general view of the fifth-wheel assembly of the rammer of an artillery machine gun;

- in FIG. 3 shows the geometrical closure of the kinematic pair "body - rod";

- in FIG. 4 shows the geometrical closure of the kinematic pair "housing-clutch";

- in FIG. 5 shows the translation of the contact link of the supporting-coupling unit of the receiver of the artillery machine gun in the active position;

- in FIG. Figure 6 shows the transfer of the contact link of the fifth wheel receiver of the artillery assault rifle to a passive position.

- in FIG. 7 shows the supporting hitch assembly of a rammer of an artillery machine gun in its initial position;

- in FIG. 8 shows the support hitch assembly of the rammer of an artillery machine gun at the end of a rollback;

- in FIG. 9 shows the supporting hitch assembly of a rammer of an artillery machine gun at the end of a coast;

- in FIG. 10 shows the supporting hitch assembly of a rammer of an artillery machine gun during reloading.

The inventive support-hitch assembly includes a housing 1, a rod 2, a coupling 3, balls 4, a contact link 5, which is directly affected by a part of the artillery installation, transmitting the kinetic energy of its movement, a device 6 designed to connect the housing 1 to the artillery driven part installation, and the device 7, designed to bias the coupling 3, and these two examples of the supporting-coupling node differ only in the design of the contact link 5, device 6 and device 7.

The housing 1 has a tubular part 8, in the cylindrical wall of which round holes are made 9. The balls 4 are located in the holes 9, and the diameter of the balls 4 is greater than the thickness of this cylindrical wall of the housing 1.

The rod 2, inserted into the tubular part 8 of the housing 1, forms together with the housing 1 a reciprocating kinematic pair of "housing-rod" with a cylindrical contact surface of the conjugated links and the power closure of the relative movement of these links due to the spring 10.

The coupling 3 mounted on the tubular part 8 of the housing 1 forms, together with the housing 1, a reciprocating kinematic pair "housing-coupling" with a cylindrical contact surface of the mating links and the power closure of the relative movement of these links due to the spring 11.

An annular groove 12 is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the rod 2, and an annular groove 13 is made on the inner cylindrical surface of the sleeve 3, providing a geometrical closure of the kinematic pair “body-rod” with balls 4 when they are in the groove 12 of the rod 2 and forcing the balls into the groove 13 of the coupling 3 when shifting it relative to the housing 1.

In the example of the fifth wheel assembly intended for the receiver of the artillery machine, part of the artillery unit transmitting primary mechanical energy is a conveyor 14 supplying the artillery machine with ammunition, and the lever 15 of this receiver, which is driven by the artillery unit, is equipped with a spring 16 that stores energy for the return movement of the lever 15 to its original position. On the corresponding links of the conveyor 14, protrusions 17 are made, which are intended to directly act on the contact link 5, which in this example of the fifth wheel assembly is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever with a rotation support 18 located on the lever 15. The device 6 in this example, the fifth wheel includes a lever 19 with a rotation support 20 located on the lever 15, and a shock absorber 21 pivotally connected to the levers 15 and 19. The housing 1 is pivotally connected to the lever 19, and the rod 2 is pivotally connected to the contact link 5, made in the form of a two-shouldered lever. In this case, a crank-link mechanism is formed, in which the contact link 5 is a crank, the housing 1 is a link, and the rod 2 is a connecting rod. The device 7 in this example of the fifth wheel assembly includes the rocker arms 22 and 23, pivotally connected to the levers 15 and 19, the connecting rod 24 connecting the rocker arms 22 and 23, the rod 25 connecting the coupling 3 to the rocker arm 23, the pusher 26 and the fixed stop 27.

In the example of the fifth wheel assembly designed for the reloading of an artillery machine gun, the part of the artillery system transmitting primary mechanical energy are the retractable parts 28 of this machine, which perform a rectilinear reciprocating movement, and the driven part is a recharger 29. The retractable parts 28 are provided buffer 30, intended for direct impact on the contact link 5, which in this example, the fifth wheel is made in the form of a tip mounted on the rod 2. D sylatel 29 provides longitudinal movement of the munition 31 dosylka line due to the spring energy 32 vzvodimoy when rollback loading rod 29 is mounted in the guide frame 33 with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the frame 33 and fixing relative to the frame 33, sear 34 at the end of recoil of the loading rod. The device 6, through which the housing 1 is connected to the rammer 29, in this example, the fifth wheel assembly is made in the form of a flange connection 35, and the device 7 is made in the form of a stop 36, which at the end of the rollback rammer 29 displaces the coupling 3 relative to the housing 1.

Description of the operation of the fifth wheel artillery receiver receiver

In the initial position of the fifth wheel assembly (Fig. 1), the contact link 5 is in a passive state, passing the protrusions 17 of the conveyor 14 past it. The contact link 5 is held in a passive state by the rod 2, preloaded by the spring 10. In this case, the coupling 3 is in the leftmost position relative to the housing 1, the balls 4 are located in the groove 13 of the coupling 3, are held in it by the cylindrical surface of the rod 2 and block the movement of the coupling 3 relative to the housing 1.

To translate the contact link 5 in the active state (Fig. 5), a pusher 26 is used, which acts on the rocker 22, turning it relative to the lever 15. The rotation of the rocker 22 is transmitted by the connecting rod 24 to the rocker 23, which, turning relative to the lever 6, creates a twisting force due to the rod 25 the moment that the housing 1 rotates relative to the lever 19. The crank-link mechanism, including the contact link 5, the rod 2 and the housing 1, passes through the “dead” position and puts the contact link 5 in the active state, in which the groove 12 rod 2 and the holes 9 of the housing 1 are located in the same plane. The coupling 3 under the action of the spring 11 is displaced by the rod 25 to the right extreme position relative to the housing 1, while the balls 4 are moved from the groove 13 of the coupling 3 into the groove 12 of the rod 2 and block the movement of the rod 2 relative to the housing 1.

The active state of the contact link 5 means that the lever 15 of the receiver of the artillery assault rifle is ready to dock with the protrusion 17 approaching it on the corresponding link of the conveyor 14. When accelerating the lever 15, the shock absorber 21 softens the impact of the protrusion 17 on the fixed contact link 5. The lever 15 is rotated by the required angle (Fig. .6), in this case, the spring 16 is charged, accumulating energy to return the lever 15 to its original position, and at the end of this rotation, the rocker 22 runs over the fixed stop 27, which leads to the rotation of the rocker 22 and 23 and displacements sleeve 3 to the left end position relative to the housing 1, in which the coupling groove 13 and three holes 9 of the body 1 are located in one plane. As a result, the blocking movement of the rod 2 relative to the housing 1 is removed, and the balls 4 are moved into the groove 13 of the sleeve 3, blocking its movement relative to the housing 1. The crank-link mechanism formed by the contact link 5, the rod 2 and the housing 1, under the action of the conveyor continuing its movement 14 passes in the opposite direction through the “dead” position and returns contact 5 to the passive state. After joining and a short joint movement of the lever 15 and the conveyor 14, they are separated, and this separation is not accompanied by a peak load on the conveyor drive. The lever 15 of the receiver of the artillery machine returns to its original position under the action of the spring 16.

Description of the operation of the fifth wheel artillery machine rammer

In the initial position (Fig. 2 and Fig. 7), the retractable parts 28 and the rammer 19 of the artillery machine are in the front extreme position relative to the frame 33. The rod 2 is fully extended by the spring 10 from the housing 1, and the movement of the rod 2 relative to the housing 1 is blocked by balls 4 , which are located in the groove 12 of the rod 2. In this case, the clutch 3 is shifted by the spring 11 until it stops against the right edge of the tubular part 8 of the housing 1. The kinematic pair "body-rod" is geometrically closed.

The retractable parts 28 during rollback act through the buffer 30 on the contact link 5 of the fifth wheel assembly, made in the form of a tip fixed to the rod 2 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 8). The force applied to the rod 2, through the balls 4, locked by the sleeve 3, is transmitted to the housing 1 and the rammer 29, which is rolled back, compressing the spring 32. The rammer 29 continues to roll back until the coupling 3 touches the stop 36 of the frame 33 and moves, compressing the spring 11, relative to the housing 1 to the left edge of the tubular part 8 of the housing 1. In this case, the groove 13 of the sleeve 3 will shift into the plane of the holes 9 of the housing 1, the sear 34 will enter the corresponding groove of the rammer 29, keeping it from translating forward under the action of the charged spring 32, produced children moving balls 4 in the groove 13 of the nut 3, releasing the stem 2, which continue to move along with the sliding portions 28 relative to the housing 1, compressing the spring 10 until stop until sliding portion 28.

When the retractable parts 28 are returned to their original position (Fig. 9), the rod 2 under the action of the spring 10 will return to its original position relative to the housing 1. In this case, the groove 12 of this rod will also return to the plane of the holes 9 in the housing 1, preparing for the transition of the balls 4 into this groove .

After the supply of ammunition 31 to the sending line, the sear 34 is disengaged from the rammer 19 (Fig. 10), which, under the action of the cocked spring 32, makes a working stroke relative to the frame 33, sending the ammunition. In the process of removing the housing 1 from the abutment 36 of the frame 33, the coupling 3, thanks to the springs 11, returns to its original position relative to the housing 1, displacing the balls 4 into the groove 12 and thereby blocking the movement of the rod 2 relative to the housing 1. At the end of the stroke, the rammer 29 and the supporting coupling the node is in the initial position (Fig. 10).

Claims (3)

1. The fifth wheel assembly of the mechanical drive of the ship’s artillery installation, comprising a tubular body connected to a movable part of the artillery installation, a rod inserted into the tubular body and forming together with it a reciprocating kinematic pair “body-rod” with a cylindrical contact surface mating links, and a contact link connected to the rod, which is directly affected by the corresponding movable part of the artillery installation, transmitting the kinetic the energy of its movement of the driven part of the artillery installation, characterized in that a sleeve is mounted on the tubular body, forming a reciprocating kinematic pair "body-sleeve" with this body with a cylindrical contact surface of the mating links in round holes made in the cylindrical tubular wall housing, balls with a diameter greater than the thickness of this wall are located, and on the inner cylindrical surface of the coupling and the outer cylindrical surface of the rod are made face grooves to ensure geometric closure of the kinematic pair of the "body-rod" balls when they are in the groove of the rod, and the displacement of the balls into the groove of the coupling when it is displaced relative to the housing. 2. The fifth wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact link, made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, the rotation support of which is mounted on the driven part of the artillery mount, is pivotally connected to the rod, and the tubular body is pivotally connected to the elastic support, fixed to the driven part of the artillery mount, a crank-link mechanism is formed in which the contact link is a crank, the tubular body is a rocker, and the rod is a connecting rod. 3. The fifth wheel assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the tubular body to the driven part of the artillery mount is made in the form of a flange connection, and the contact link, made in the form of a tip, is fixed to the rod.

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