RU2583627C2 - Multipurpose greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural facilities for year-round use for growing seedlings of various crops in soil protected from environment and for other purposes, particularly for storage and poultry growing under conditions of lower area, snowmelt flooded area for a relatively long period. Greenhouse comprises a frame made of shaped elements with a waterproof property when in contact with flood water, interconnected by screw fastening elements. Frame includes buried in soil supports, connected with supports horizontal lengthwise beams, connected with posts and supports to form cells for installation of guard panels installed therein. In compartment of greenhouse for growing crop seedlings, panels are made of transparent materials, and for other parts of greenhouse are made from plywood and fibre with heat-insulating inner layer. Greenhouse is provided with mounted on a base platform, made in form of a frame from wooden bars with detachable sections board flooring, under which on rack fixed to frame there are lightweight, waterproofed floats, giving platform positive buoyancy and required heat insulation at flooding of greenhouse with spring flood.

EFFECT: such design ensures efficient crop production on area, snowmelt flooded area at a relatively long shelf and year-round use of greenhouse by creating conditions for storage and growing, for example, poultry.

4 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural facilities year-round use for growing seedlings of various crops in soil protected from the external environment and for other purposes, in particular, for keeping and growing poultry in low-lying areas, flooded by spring flood for a relatively long time.

Known greenhouses according to copyright certificates SU (for example No. 1183024 10/07/1985) can not be used under the above terrain conditions.

The invention consists in the following.

A multi-purpose greenhouse containing a frame made of profiled elements connected by screw fasteners and having the property of waterproofing. The frame includes supports buried in the ground, horizontal longitudinal runs connected to the supports, connected to the uprights and supports with the formation of cells for installing fencing panels in them, inclined and horizontal floor beams connected to each other and with the struts, carrying roof fencing panels. At the same time, in the department of the greenhouse for growing seedlings of agricultural crops, the panels are made of translucent materials, and for other departments of the greenhouse - from plywood and fiberboard with a heat-insulating layer between the outer and inner surfaces.

Unlike the mentioned analogues, the supports buried in the soil are made towering above the soil level to the required height (depending on the long-term data of the maximum flood level), and the greenhouse is equipped with a platform installed on the base, made in the form of a frame of wooden beams with sections of the boardwalk installed on it under which light floats are installed on the rack fixed to the frame, giving the platform positive buoyancy when the greenhouse is flooded with spring flood. In this case, the sections of the flooring are installed with the possibility of disconnecting from the frame, to monitor the status of the floats.

The platform is made with side walls fixed to it along the perimeter, which do not touch the supports, and elements of the greenhouse fixed to them.

To ensure simultaneous movement of the entire platform when the flood level changes with the deviation of its surface from the horizontal, not exceeding the permissible ones, the platform is made with guide rollers mounted on it, interacting with supports that additionally perform the function of guides.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 - shows a greenhouse, side view;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a view of B in figure 1, with the image of the porch;

figure 4 is a section bb in figure 3;

figure 5 - section GG in figure 1;

figure 6 is a section DD in figure 5;

in Fig.7 is a section EE in Fig.2;

on Fig - depicts an enlarged node I in figure 2 with a cut along the axis of the roller platform;

figure 9 - shows the plate of the node I for securing the roller housing;

figure 10 is a section FJ in figure 9;

figure 11 is a section II in figure 6;

in Fig.12 shows an enlarged node II in Fig.2 with a cut between 3 and runs;

on Fig - section KK in figure 4;

on Fig - section LL in figure 4;

3 in FIG. 15 is a cross-section MM in FIG.

in Fig.16 is a section NN in Fig.1 with a depiction of an embodiment of the fence panel in the form of a rotary transom;

on Fig-view P in Fig;

The proposed greenhouse contains supports 1 and 2 buried in the ground, made, for example, of concrete pipes used for laying underground telephone and electric cables. The supports are connected by horizontal longitudinal runs 3 and 4 with the formation of cells for installing fencing panels in them.

The greenhouse is equipped with a platform 5 made in the form of a rectangular frame of wooden side and end beams 6, transverse beams 7 in the form of a tee and ribs 8, connecting the transverse beams with each other to form cells for installing sections of the boardwalk 9. The bars 6 located along the inner perimeter on buried and associated with the supports 1 supports 10 of brick or concrete (figure 5), while the bars 6 are removed from the supports 1 by five to seven mm. The bars and ribs of the platform are rigidly interconnected with glue and metal squares 11.

Under the sections of the flooring 9, racks 13 are mounted on metal rods fixed to the beams 12, on which light floats 14 are installed, giving the platform the necessary amount of positive buoyancy. (In the proposed greenhouse, the floats are made in the form of rather rigid blocks with rounded corners of the corners made from a mixture of sawdust (or shredded chips) with a small amount of moistened cement and gypsum).

Blocks 14 are protected from water penetration by means of a durable polyethylene film 15 mounted on glue and have good thermal insulation ability, which allows them to be used in greenhouses located in the Far North. To install sections 9 on the ribs 8 of the platform frame, supports 16 made of aluminum alloy in the form of a tee are fixed on them, and plate mounts 17 are attached to the ribs 8 and bars 6 to install the rods 12 (Figs. 5, 13).

The longitudinally arranged boards of the sections 9 are fastened by plank ribs 18 evenly spaced along the length, which at the points of interaction with the supports 16 are made with plates 19 fixed to them, increasing the strength of the ends of the ribs 18 (Fig. 13).

To transmit the buoyancy force from the floats to the platform, they have installed board beams 20 evenly spaced along the length of the platform, made in the form of a tee and interacting with the bars 6 and the ribs 8 of the frame with the help of stops 21 mounted on them from an angular metal profile. To increase the strength of the ends of the beams 20, metal plates 22 are fixed on them (FIGS. 5, 13).

Sections 23 of the side wall are fixed along the perimeter of the platform, made in the form of plank frames with racks 24 connected by horizontal girders and to the outer surface of plywood or fiberboard (to separate the greenhouse, which contains poultry). Racks 24 are attached to the bars 6 of the platform frame using metal squares 11 and do not touch the tubular supports 1.

The horizontal runs 3 and 4 were fastened to the concrete tubular supports using intermediate supports 25 and threaded rods 26, articulated with nuts installed in the holes of the supports 1 and 2. The supports 25 are made in the form of prisms, made using the technology of the same wood-fabrication technology particle boards (chipboard) and are protected by water painting during spring floods.

In the cells formed by horizontal runs 3 - 4 and supports 25, fencing panels 27 are fixed with glue and screw fasteners for wood, which are made of translucent materials in the compartment of the greenhouse for growing seedlings, such as double-glazed windows, and for the other section of the greenhouse - of plywood and Fiberboard with insulating inner layer.

To increase the heat-insulating ability of the fence panel 27 is also installed under the sections of the deck 9, located on the Central longitudinal axis of the greenhouse (Fig).

To prevent contamination of free cavities under the platform by dumping 28 produced around the greenhouse, a guard 29 of roofing slate installed on the lower run 30 of an angular metal profile is provided (Fig. 5).

The entrance to the greenhouse during the flood is provided from the end of the greenhouse from the farmer’s living room (not shown), or from the porch 31, located at run level 3, through the door 32 located on the central longitudinal axis of the greenhouse. The porch was built on the supports 33 buried in the ground, made with a ladder 34 fixed to it and a guard 35 (Fig. 3).

The entrance to the greenhouse in the absence of flood is carried out through the door 36, located on the side of the porch, while the platform is supported by longitudinal bars 6 on the recessed supports 10.

The entrance from the porch to the platform is provided along the ladder 37, made with the possibility of angular rotation relative to the axis 38 mounted on the run 3 (or door hinges for heavy loads). The bottom edge of the ladder is made with support rollers 39 mounted on it, interacting with the platform deck when the flood level changes.

A door is provided for exiting and entering during a flood of a waterfowl - a ladder 40 mounted instead of the side wall section 23 with the possibility of rotation relative to the horizontal axis of the door hinges 41 fixed to the door and the lower edge of the door frame 42. The door frame is attached to the side beam 6 of the platform frame using metal angles 11. A translucent film 43 is attached to the upper edge of the box 42, stored through a roller 45 mounted in the bearing supports 44. The supports 44 are fixed to the run 4, and to the free edge th film via the adhesive tape is fixed load - the counterweight 46 of the metal rod. In winter, the opening between the door frame 42 and the girder 4 is blocked by the installation of the fencing panel 27. With the door 40 open, the stop 47 fixed to it interacts with the beam 6, providing the necessary inclination of the door to the platform surface. A railing 48 of a bent rod and plates 49 of textile material are attached to the door, along the perimeter of which pieces of wire are wrapped with a diameter of 3-5 mm (FIGS. 5 and 6).

To ensure the simultaneous movement of all parts of the surface of the platform when the flood level changes (with an acceptable deviation from the horizontal), the platform is made with guide rollers 50 mounted on it, interacting with supports 1, which additionally perform the function of guides. Two-cone rollers 50 in the amount of four pieces for the proposed greenhouse contain an axis 51 mounted on glue, which is mounted in bearing bearings 52 mounted on the housing 53. A metal plate 54 is fixed at the locations of the rollers to increase the strength and rigidity of the joists 6 and 7. Housing 53 attached by screw fasteners 55 to the base plate 56, which is screw fastened to a tree 57 fixed to the bars 6 or 7 of the frame. The fixing is carried out after adjusting the position of the roller relative to the corresponding support 1 and drilling the holes in the plate 54. The housing 53, the plate 54, the support plate 56 and the roller 50 are made of aluminum alloy to increase the positive buoyancy of the platform (Fig. 8, 9).

(To increase reliability when exposed to the lower part of the platform of the river flow, it is made with one or two pairs of cylindrical rollers 58 mounted (Fig. 12)).

(The necessary accuracy of the location of the supports 1 (and 2), their verticality to the base with an acceptable deviation is provided by the use of the alleged invention according to the application RU No. 2011 111916/13, (017577), 03/29/2011).

To detach sections of the deck 9 from the platform frame, to control the state of the floats, handles 59 are mounted on the ribs 18 located along the edges of the sections. An embodiment of sections 9 is also provided, in which they are disconnected from the frame using portable handles 60 (Fig. 14).

The health check of the floats is carried out by weighing after unlocking and removing the beams 20, which in the working position are fixed by the latches 61 (figure 5).

The base under the platform is made with two or three transverse trays 62 with concrete walls and a bottom into which river water enters during floods through pipes 63 (Fig. 5,6).

To provide the possibility of opening the door of the ladder 40 during the flood, a less time-consuming maintenance option is provided, in which, instead of a removable guard panel 27, a panel - guards 64 is mounted above the opening for the ladder-door. The panel is mounted using door hinges 38 attached to the intermediate support 65, located on the support 1. And on the support 2 is mounted a rotary latch 66 interacting in the working position with the plate hook 67 fixed to the panel 64. The intermediate support 65 is made of solid wood, and attached to it is a wooden board 68, which is not in contact with the door frame 42.

To eliminate uneven loading and unacceptable distortions, adjust the location of seedlings in peat-humus pots and other useful loads, as well as cages with poultry on the surface of the platform.

The work of the employee serving the greenhouse is reduced to maintaining a temperature and humidity regime favorable for plants, regardless of the weather conditions of the area, as well as observing the regime of keeping poultry: feeding, harvesting manure, creating conditions for reproduction and protecting offspring from external adverse factors.

In the established warm summer weather, some plants, except heat-loving ones, can be planted in open ground, and early ripening varieties and decorative flowers are planted in the place of transplanted plants.

Thus, the present invention allows for efficient crop production in areas flooded by spring flood for a relatively long period. In addition, it is possible to use the greenhouse year-round by creating conditions in it for keeping and raising, for example, poultry, thereby achieving a significant reduction in the payback period for the costs of its construction.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-purpose greenhouse containing a frame made of profiled elements with the property of waterproofing in contact with flood water, interconnected by screw fasteners, which includes supports buried in the ground, horizontal longitudinal runs connected to the supports, connected to the posts and supports to form cells for installing fencing panels in them, while in the compartment of the greenhouse for growing seedlings of agricultural crops, the panels are made of translucent mat rials, and for other departments of the greenhouse - from plywood and fiberboard with an insulating inner layer, characterized in that it is equipped with a platform mounted on the base, made in the form of a frame of wooden beams with sections of the board floor installed on it with the possibility of detaching, under which on a fixed light floats protected from water absorption are installed to the frame of the rack, giving the platform positive buoyancy and the necessary thermal insulation when the location of the greenhouse is flooded in spring flood. 2. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform is made with sections of the side wall fixed along its perimeter, which do not touch the supports and elements fixed to them. 3. A greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the platform is made with one of the sections of the side wall of the door-ladder mounted in place with a horizontal axis of rotation in a position with the required small angle to the floor surface, and above the door-ladder a support panel mounted in the form of a transom swivel on the door hinges to provide the ability to open - close the door-ladder during the flood. 4. A greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the platform is made with guide rollers mounted on it, interacting when the flood level changes with supports that perform an additional function of the guides.

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