JP3531932B1 - Building blocks, roofs and walls using the building blocks, and methods of constructing them - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a building block utilizing characteristics such as high heat insulation and a unique texture using a dried plant such as straw, a roof and a wall using the building block, and a method of constructing the same. That is. SOLUTION: A main body part 2 in which dried plants are formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, a waterproof part 3 covered by the main body part 2, and at least two crossbars fixed to the upper surface of the main body part 2 and having different heights. And a frame portion laid on the bottom surface of the main body portion 2 and a frame portion covering at least one of the two sets of side surfaces of the main body portion 2. It is.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention 【Technical field】

[0001] The present invention relates to a building block, a roof and a wall using the building block, and a method for constructing them. In particular, the building block is inexpensive, has a high heat insulating efficiency, and is environmentally friendly, and the building block. The present invention relates to a roof and a wall and a method of constructing them.

[Background technology]

Generally, thatched roofs and thatched roofs have been widely used in Japan since ancient times as roofs having excellent heat insulating properties that are cool in summer and warm in winter. However, those thatched roofs and thatched roofs need to be replaced after the end of their life of 20 to 30 years, and the roofing costs will increase, and they will disappear rapidly due to changes in lifestyle and society. This is the current situation. On the other hand, in order to preserve the tradition of Japan's ancient times, methods such as reducing thatching costs and simplifying thatching work are possible, and building materials that use straw etc. and that are in harmony with nature have been proposed. There is.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a thatched roof in which a breathable and waterproof air-permeable and waterproof layer is provided midway along the thickness direction of the thatch in a thatched roof formed by stacking thatched roofs. Has been done. In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, rainwater and the like do not permeate into the layer below the ventilation waterproof layer to be installed, so the damage to the thatched roof is small, and the durability of the thatched roof can be extended. Further, if the outside of the air-permeable waterproof layer is made thinner, rainwater or the like flows down on the air-permeable waterproof layer in a short time, so that the roof can be dried quickly. Further, since the ventilation waterproof layer has not only waterproofing but also ventilation function, it is possible to discharge indoor humidity to the outside without impairing the advantage of the conventional thatched roof.

Further, in Patent Document 2, a civil engineering block in which a plant-growing base layer for promoting plant growth is provided on the surface of a concrete block, or a concrete block is used as a pedestal, and soil is a main component on the upper surface of the pedestal. Disclosed is a civil engineering block provided with a plant growing base layer containing a solidified soil material containing a plant fiber such as straw. This patent document 2
In the invention disclosed in, the concrete block that is a heavy object covers the construction surface and exerts a function such as a seawall or a seafloor, and plants are cultivated in the plant cultivation base layer installed on the upper surface of the concrete block. Therefore, not only the landscape but also the habitat of plants and animals can be created and harmony with the surrounding natural environment can be achieved. In addition, since the plant growth base layer contains soil as a main component and contains plant fibers such as straw, the texture of the soil can further improve the scenery, and the plant fibers can enhance the water retention in the soil solid matter. . In particular, when straw is used, the water retention function is strengthened by using the possession passage of straw.

However, according to the conventional technique described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to construct a roof having the same appearance and characteristics as those of the conventional thatched roof at a low cost, and it is possible to prolong the durable life. Since it was a method of loading and loading Kaya, there was a problem that it took time to construct and the work safety was poor. Furthermore, since it is not flame-retardant, there is a problem that it cannot be used according to the Building Standards Law in areas designated as non-combustible roofs.

On the other hand, in the conventional technique described in Patent Document 2, a plant growing base layer containing plants such as straw and soil is placed in a concrete block, and plants are grown in the plant growing base layer to naturally It is possible to provide civil engineering blocks that are in harmony with the environment, but there is a problem that it cannot be applied to applications that require waterproofness such as structural materials of buildings, although it can be used outdoors. It was

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-306554

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-176522

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

The present invention has been made in response to the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and utilizes a dry plant such as straw to take advantage of its characteristics such as high heat insulation and unique texture, and a building block for this construction. An object is to provide a roof and a wall using blocks and a method for constructing them.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the building block according to the invention of claim 1 is a main body part in which dried plants are formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, a waterproof part covered by the main body part, and a main body. At least 2 fixed on the upper surface of the part and having different heights
It has a cross section of a book. In the building block having the above structure, the main body formed of the dry plant is waterproofed by covering the waterproof part, and the upper surface of the main body has a slope formed by two crosspieces having different heights. Has the effect of being.

Further, the building block according to claim 2 is the building block according to claim 1, wherein
It has a film part laid on the bottom surface of the main body part, and has an effect that the dried plant of the main part does not scatter due to the film part.

Further, the building block according to a third aspect of the present invention is the building block according to the first or the second aspect, wherein at least one set of the two side faces of the main body portion is covered with a frame. It has a body portion, and the body portion has an action of being supported by the frame body portion.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a roof includes a plurality of beam members, and a plurality of rafters vertically provided on the plurality of beam members,
A plurality of building blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a fixture for fixing the building blocks to a rafter, and a roof covered on the upper surfaces of the plurality of building blocks. And a front part. The roof with the above configuration is
A roof block is provided on the upper surface of the building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is fixed to a rafter installed on a beam of a building, and is waterproof, heat-insulating, and sound-insulating. And so on.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wall, a beam member, a plurality of building blocks according to any one of the first to third aspects, and the building block suspended from the beam member. And a wall surface portion that is provided on the side surfaces of a plurality of building blocks. The wall having the above structure has a wall surface portion on a side surface of the building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is suspended from a beam material of a building, and is waterproof, heat-insulating, and Has the effect of sound insulation.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a roof, in which a dry plant is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, a waterproof portion is covered, and a crosspiece is provided on the waterproof portion to form a building block. The steps of installing the rafters that support the building blocks on the beam of the building, the steps of arranging and fixing the building blocks on the rafters, and the step of fixing the roof surface to the cross section and covering the building blocks. I have. The roof construction method with the above configuration has an effect of safely and promptly constructing a roof excellent in waterproofing, heat insulation and sound insulation.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a wall in which a building block is formed by forming a dry plant in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, covering a waterproof portion, and providing a cross portion on the waterproof portion. The steps of installing the beam material supporting the building block in the building, stacking the building blocks on the beam material and suspending them, and fixing the wall surface part to the crosspiece to cover the building block. I have. The wall construction method with the above configuration has an effect of safely and promptly constructing a wall excellent in waterproofing, heat insulation and sound insulation.

【The invention's effect】

The building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3 of the present invention is a building material which is excellent in waterproofness, heat insulation and sound insulation, and is particularly excellent in hygroscopicity due to dry plants.
In addition, since the dried plants provided from nature are used, the environment is taken into consideration, and the texture of the building is given a natural texture.

Further, the roof according to claim 4 of the present invention and the wall according to claim 5 of the present invention are defined by claim 1 to claim 3.
Since the building block described in (1) is used, it is possible to form a roof and a wall which are excellent in waterproofness, heat insulation, sound insulation and moisture absorption and retain a natural texture. Moreover, since a plurality of building blocks are used, only the deteriorated portion can be replaced, so that maintenance can be performed easily and at low cost.

In the roof construction method according to claim 6 of the present invention and the wall construction method according to claim 7 of the present invention, the building blocks according to claims 1 to 3 are sequentially loaded from the lower stage. Since it is built in, the safety is high, and the work is easy and the construction period can be shortened.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3 of the present invention provides a cheap and high-quality building material mainly composed of dried plants supplied from nature, and the building block The roof according to claim 4 of the present invention and the wall according to claim 5 of the present invention which were used realized the design of the roof and the wall utilizing the characteristics of dry plants. In the roof construction method according to the sixth aspect of the present invention and the wall construction method according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the construction period is shortened by creating the building block and performing the construction efficiently.

[Example 1]

First, a first embodiment in which a building block according to the best mode for carrying out the invention is used as a roofing material will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. (In particular, it corresponds to claims 1 to 4) Fig. 1 is an outline view of a roof block according to this embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the roof block 1 has a straw that is hardened or bundled into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape as a main body, and at least the upper surface and the front surface of the straw main body 2 are covered with an asphalt roofing 3 and the upper surface has a first portion. The pier 4, the second pier 5, and the third pier 6 are installed by pier hook bolts 7. Further, on the back side of the roof block 1, piano wires 8 that connect the roof block 1 to a rafter installed on a beam of a building are provided at two places.

In the roof block 1 of this embodiment,
Since the straw body 2 is designed to be thick, the heat insulation effect is high,
When used on the roof, the room is not easily affected by the outside air. In other words, summer is cool, winter is warm, and residents can live a comfortable life throughout the season. In addition, the wall thickness of the straw main body 2 is also excellent in sound insulation, so that it is possible to reduce external noise such as wind and rain, and prevent daily living noise from leaking to the outside. Furthermore, if the bottom of the straw main body 2 is installed as the ceiling of a building so that it is exposed to the living space side, the effect of moisture absorption by straw can be expected, and it is possible to absorb the moisture in the room and at the same time feel the natural texture from the room. be able to. When fire-retardant paint or the like is applied to the straw main body 2, fire resistance can be improved.
The straw main body 2 may be bundled with a durable piano wire or the like and solidified into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, but may be solidified with a solid agent or the like, and the shape and size are not particularly limited. . In addition to straw, dried plants such as kaya can be used for the main body. For example, when a dried plant having an aroma such as potpourri is contained, a faint scent can be enjoyed indoors. Further, it is possible to add charcoal such as charcoal and bamboo charcoal to add a humidity control effect.

The asphalt roofing 3 is a material having a high waterproof property, and by covering the straw main body 2, rainwater or the like does not penetrate into the straw main body 2 to prevent the straw main body 2 from decaying or becoming brittle, and the construction. It prevents water from leaking into the room. In addition, in this embodiment, sufficient waterproofness can be obtained only by coating the asphalt roofing 3 on the upper surface and the front surface, which are channels for water such as rainwater, and the amount of the asphalt roofing 3 used. By reducing the amount of raw materials, the raw material cost is reduced and the cost is reduced. However, the covering surface of the asphalt roofing 3 is not particularly limited, and it goes without saying that if the entire surface of the straw main body 2 is covered, the waterproof effect is enhanced. Further, a waterproof material may be used instead of the asphalt roofing 3.

The first pier 4, the second pier 5 and the third pier 6 are rectangular parallelepiped timbers having different heights and rectangular cross sections. The height of each of the piers is highest in the first pier 4, is lower in order of the second pier 5 and the third pier 6, and gradually decreases toward the front side of the roof block 1. have. These piers form a slope on the roof surface plate, which will be described later, installed on the upper surface of the pier, and play a role of guiding water such as rainwater dripping onto the roof surface plate to a lower slope, that is, to the eaves of the building. I carry it. In this embodiment, three berths are installed, but the number of berths is not particularly limited as long as a slope can be formed. Also, the shape is not particularly limited, and for example, the cross section having different heights on the front side and the back side may be trapezoidal or quadrangular. However, although the cross section may be triangular or circular, a quadrangle is preferable in consideration of the strength for supporting the covered roof plate. The material to be used can be a durable synthetic resin other than wood, and the material is not limited.

Next, the detailed structure of the roof block will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2A is a top view of the roof block according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the roof block. In FIG. 2 (a), on the upper surface of the roof block 1, along the end portion on the front surface side,
The pier 6 is installed, and the second pier 5 and the first pier 4 are arranged in parallel to the third pier 6, and are fixed by pier hook bolts 7, respectively. Also, on the rear side of the roof block 1, there are two hook bolts 9 for piano wire.
Has been inserted. Although not shown in this figure, the piano wire 8 shown in FIG.
It is fastened with. On the other hand, in FIG. 2B, when the cross section of the roof block 1 is viewed, the asphalt roofing 3 is coated on the upper and front surfaces of the straw body 2, and on the upper surface, three piers are attached to the pier hook bolts 7. Is fixed by. The hook bolt 7 for the pier has a hook-like tip, and the hook portion at the tip is hooked on the fiber of the straw body 2 to fix the pier. Also, the height of each of the three jetties is different,
It can be seen that the height is lower toward the front of the roof block 1. Further, the hook bolt 9 for the piano wire is also hooked at the tip, and like the hook bolt 7 for the pier, the hook portion at the tip is fixed to the fiber of the straw body 2 to fix the piano wire. .

Next, the frame body of the roof block will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an outline view of the frame body of the roof block according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 3, the frame body 10
Is a pair of side covers 11 facing each other, and a band 12 and a band fisher 13 provided over the pair of side covers 11.
And the net 1 laid on the bottom surface of the pair of side covers 11.
It is configured from 6 and can accommodate the above-mentioned roof block inside. The frame 10 of the roof block in this embodiment is a member mainly for fixing the roof block to the building, and the band 12 has a connecting hole 14 for fixing the frame 10 to the rafter of the building. Further, a plurality of hooks 15 are provided on the band fisher 13 for hooking with the roof surface plate (also referred to as hooking). In addition, the net 16 installed as the film portion is made of a breathable material such as Kanreisha, and prevents the straw of the straw main body of the roof block housed inside the frame 10 from falling. is there. further,
When a material having air permeability is selected for the net 16, it is possible to obtain the aroma of straw and the moisture absorption effect. However, as long as it can feel the texture of straw, it may be a non-breathable material, and for example, a transparent film or the like can be used. In addition,
Although not shown, the net 16 includes a pair of side covers 11
It is fixed to the bottom of the box by aluminum rivets. However, the method for fixing the net 16 is not particularly limited.

Next, the roof plate and the fixture will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is an outline view of the roof surface plate of the roof block according to the present embodiment. In FIG.
The roof surface plate 17 is L-shaped with a right-angled portion 18, and all ends thereof are subjected to a seam processing. The first seam 19 at one end of the roof plate 17 is bent upwards, while the second seam 20 at the other end is bent downwards, thus When they are installed laterally adjacent to each other, they can be fixed by splicing and hooking them at their ends. Further, the roof surface plate 17 is installed above the roof block and the frame body that are laminated in accordance with the roof slope of the building, and the roof upper portion 21 of the roof surface plate 17 is for one roof. The roof front part 22 is placed on the upper surface of the block so as to be in contact with the front surface of another roof block installed on the upper stage of one roof block. Therefore, the third seam 23 of one roof block contacts the fourth seam 24 of another roof block, and the plurality of vertically adjacent roofs is formed by seaming these seams. The front plate 17 is fixed. In this vertical fixing, the hooks installed on the band fishing rod of the frame body are wound together to connect the roof surface plate 17 and the frame body. The roof surface plate 17 can be a plated steel plate such as a durable galvanized steel plate, or a metal plate such as a coated steel plate, an alloy plate, an aluminum plate, a lead plate, and a titanium plate.

Next, FIG. 5 is an outline view of a discard plate and a fishing rod of the roof block according to this embodiment. In FIG.
The discard plate 25 has the right-angled portion 18 similarly to the roof surface plate L.
It is V-shaped, and all ends are processed by seam. However, in the waste plate 25, the upper and lower seams have the same shape as the roof surface plate, but the seams at both ends are both bent upward. The discard plate 25 is laid below the boundary between the adjacent roof cover plates when the roof cover plates are connected side by side in the horizontal direction, and strengthens the leakage prevention.
Even if rainwater or the like is dropped on the discard plate 25, the folds at both ends that are bent upward can block the rainwater and prevent the flooding of the building block. In addition, the discard plate 25
The upper and lower seams of the are secured together by a third seam and a fourth seam of the longitudinally arranged roof cover. On the other hand, the fishing hook 26 has an elongated shape in which both ends are subjected to upward and downward seams, and is installed under the roof upper part of the roof surface plate, and the first seams and the second seams are provided. The seams are used together with the seams to reinforce the connection between the roof panels adjacent to each other in the lateral direction. Further, when the fishing hook 26 is used, it is possible to firmly attach the metal plate in consideration of expansion and contraction of the metal plate due to heat. The materials of the discard plate 25 and the fishing hook 26 are, like the roof surface plate, plated steel plates such as durable zinc plated steel plates, painted steel plates, alloy plates, aluminum plates, lead plates and titanium plates. A metal plate is preferred.

Next, a roof using a roof block will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. FIG. 6A is a conceptual diagram showing a partial cross section of a roof portion of a house that constructs a roof block according to this embodiment, and FIG. 6B shows a roof portion of a house that also constructs a roof block. It is a conceptual diagram which shows a partial cross section. In FIG. 6A, a house 27 shows a structure of a roof part of a general house, and includes two pillars 28.
The gable beam 29 and the eaves girder 30 are installed in the gable beam 29, and the gable beam 29
A hut bundle 31 and two climbing beams 32 are installed in the house. Although not shown, a plurality of climbing beams 32 are installed so as to cover the flat portion of the roof. Also, reference numeral 33
Is a double beam, and 34 is a purlin. Then, in order to construct the roof block, the climbing beam 28 is provided with a plurality of rafters 29 at equal intervals in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and
A base plate 36 is provided above the eaves girder 30. on the other hand,
In FIG. 6B, a plurality of roof blocks 1 are fixed to the rafters 35 on the back side thereof and placed on the climbing beams 28 in a stepwise manner to form a roof. Although not shown, a roof surface plate is installed on the upper surface of the roof block 1 together with the discard plate and the fishing hook.

Here, the structure after installation of the roof block will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the roof block when the roof block according to the present embodiment is constructed on the roof of a house, and FIG. 7B is the same when the roof block is constructed on the roof of the house. FIG. 4C is a top view of the roof block of FIG. 4C, and FIG. 7C is a rear view of the roof block when the roof block is similarly constructed on the roof of the house. In FIG. 7A, the roof block 1 is fixed to a rafter 35 fixed to the climbing beam. There are two methods for this fixing, and one is performed by driving a double-headed nail 37 into a connecting hole of a band of a frame body installed on the upper surface of the rafter 35. This band is indicated by reference numeral 12 in FIG. 3, and the connecting hole is indicated by reference numeral 14. A general nail can be used instead of the double-headed nail 37. And the other is that the piano wire hook bolt 9 is inserted into the back side of the roof block 1 and the piano wire fastened to the piano wire hook bolt 9 is raftered.
It is carried out by winding the double-ended nail 37 or the nail that has been driven in 5, and it may be fixed by either one of the methods, or the two methods may be used in combination. In addition,
The lower half of the double-headed nail 37 is driven into the rafter 35, and the upper half thereof is driven into the straw main body of another roof block placed at one end of the roof block 1 to remove the vertical roof block. It is fixed. Then, on the upper surface of the roof block 1, the first splint 4, the second splint 5 and the third splint 6 are installed, and the roof surface plate 17 is in contact with these spurs.
Is placed. As described above, the height of these piers is designed to be lower toward the front of the roof block 1, so that the roof top plate 2 of the roof top plate 17 to be placed is
1 is provided with a slope that decreases toward the front side of the roof block 1. Therefore, water such as rainwater does not remain on the roof surface plate 17 and is guided downward in the roof. In addition, the roof front portion 22 is the roof block 1
Has a structure for covering the front surface of another roof block installed above the roof, and the third seam 23 and the fourth seam 24 of the roof surface plate 17 are other roofs vertically arranged. The roof of the building block is fixed by fitting it with the seams.

Next, referring to FIG. 7 (b), when the roof block 1 is viewed from above, the front side covers the first pier 4, the second pier 5, and the third pier 6 indicated by dotted lines. The roof surface plate 17 is placed on the roof surface plate 17, and the fishing line 26 is also laid on the roof surface plate 17 to reinforce the lateral seam of the roof surface plate 17, which is also shown by a dotted line. In addition, on the back side of the roof block 1, a U-shaped dagger 38 having a projecting tip is driven in for connection with another roof block installed in the lateral direction. Although not shown, the roof surface plate 1
Discard plates are laid at both ends of 7.

In FIG. 7 (c), when viewed from the rear side of the roof block 1, side covers 11 are in contact with both side surfaces of the roof block 1, and the roof block 1
You can see that is stored in the frame. Then, the upper half of a plurality of double-headed nails 37 for fixing the frame body of another roof block installed in the lower stage and the rafter is inserted into the straw body of the roof block 1. In addition, in the upper part, a glare 38 is driven in for connection with another adjacent roof block. In this way, the plurality of roof blocks, the frame body and the roof surface plate are connected to each other to form a roof.

Next, the appearance of the roof using the roof block will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG. 8 is a side view of the roof portion of the house in which the roof block according to the present embodiment is constructed. In FIG. 8, when the roof of the house 27 is viewed from the side, it can be seen that the plurality of roof blocks 1 are densely installed vertically and horizontally to form the roof. In addition, although a part is shown by a dotted line, a plurality of climbing beams 32 are used as purlins 34 and eaves girders 3.
0 are provided with sufficient spacing in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, in the house 27, when a decorative plate such as a ceiling material is not installed, looking up at the roof from the room,
The bottom surface of the roof block 1, that is, the straw body can be seen from between the plurality of climbing beams 32, and the aroma and texture of the straw can be sensed. As mentioned above,
In order to prevent straw chips from falling, it is desirable to cover the bottom of the block with a net or film.

FIG. 9 is an outline view of a roof portion of a house in which the roof block according to this embodiment is constructed. In FIG. 9, the roof of the house 27 has a plurality of roof blocks 1 arranged vertically and horizontally to form a roof, as in FIG. 8.
In particular, it is shown three-dimensionally that the roof is stepped. Since each roof block 1 is inclined so as to be lowered toward the eaves, rainwater does not collect when it rains and is reliably drained.

In this embodiment thus constructed, since the roof block 1 is designed to be thick, the roof is excellent in heat insulation and sound insulation, and the roof of the asphalt roofing 3 is highly waterproof. It becomes a material. Also, because straw is used, the humidity of the straw is used to control the humidity inside the room, and you can enjoy the texture of thatched roof from ancient Japan. Further, due to the slope of the roof surface plate formed by the piers, it is possible to conduct rainwater and the like without stagnation on the roof. Further, since the roof block is unitized, if it is partially deteriorated, only that part can be replaced, so that maintenance is easy and repair costs are low.

Example 2

Next, FIG. 10 shows Example 2 in which the building block according to the best mode of the present invention is used as a wall material.
11 and FIG. 11 will be described. FIG. 10 is a front view of a wall portion of a house in which the wall block according to the present embodiment of the present invention is constructed (particularly corresponding to claims 1 and 5).
In FIG. 10, a wall 39 of a house is formed by regularly arranging a plurality of wall blocks 40 vertically and horizontally. Then, the nail 41 that is driven into the upper eaves girder and the lower receiving material 42
The wall block 40 is fixed by the first piano wire 43 fastened to the nail driven into the wall block 40 so as not to collapse in the vertical direction. Although the first piano wire 43 is fixed to the wall block 40 at two positions in the vertical direction, the number of installation is not particularly limited.

Next, FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a wall portion of a house in which the wall block according to this embodiment is constructed. In FIG. 11, when the cross section of the wall 39 of the house is viewed, the base material 45 fixed to the foundation 44 is provided with the support material 42 in the vertical direction, and the wall block 40 is provided on the support material 42. Walls 39 are formed by being sequentially stacked until reaching the point.
Then, a hook bolt 46 is driven into the upper surface of each wall block 40, and the second piano wire 47 fastened to the hook bolt 46 is extended to the eaves girder 30 and is attached to the eaves girder 30. It is locked to the driven hexagonal coach screw 48. In the figure, the second piano wire 47
Although it seems that the second piano wire 47 is extended through the inside of the wall block 40, in reality, the second piano wire 47 is once laid from the upper surface of the wall block 40 to the side surface side and is laterally adjacent. That is, it extends up to the hexagonal coach screw 48 through the diagonal direction between the wall blocks 40. Further, although not shown, the hook bolt 46 and the second piano wire 47 are installed at two places per one wall block and fixed to the eaves girder 30. Therefore,
The block 40 for wall is the eaves girder 3 for each block 40 for wall
The second piano wire 47 that is locked to 0 and the first piano wire that is attached to the front surface of the wall block that is vertically stacked as described above are fixed to the structural material of the building. ing.

Now, the structure of the wall block 40 will be described. The wall block 40 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is mainly composed of a straw body in which straw is bundled with a piano wire. Then, the wall block 40 is vertically and horizontally stacked as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 to form a wall, but on the outdoor side,
Further, as the wall surface portion, the surface of the wall block 40 is coated with soil to form an earth wall, or an outer wall material is struck to form an outer wall. Therefore, when the outer wall material is struck to form the outer wall, the wall block 40 is provided with a splint for fixing the outer wall material. Like the first, second, and third piers described in the first embodiment, this pier is fixed to one surface of the wall block 40 by a pier hook bolt. The size of the pier is not particularly limited as long as nails can be driven. On the other hand, on the indoor side, a decorative plate may be struck on the surface of the wall block 40 to form an inner wall, or the straw body may be exposed without covering anything and the wall block 40 itself may be used as an inner wall. . In the case of striking the decorative plate, as in the case of using the outer wall material, it is necessary to install a splint for fixing nails on the striking surface of the decorative plate of the wall block 40. Further, when the wall block 40 is covered with a waterproof sheet such as asphalt roofing, the waterproofness of the straw main body is enhanced.

In this embodiment thus constructed, the thick wall block 40 makes it possible to provide a wall material excellent in heat insulation and sound insulation. In addition, since straw is used, it is possible to remove indoor moisture by the hygroscopic action of straw. Furthermore, when the wall block 40 itself is used as an inner wall, the texture and aroma of straw can be enjoyed. Since the wall block 40 is inexpensive and can be easily installed, it is possible to provide a wall material with reduced material costs and installation costs. The above-mentioned roof block 1
In addition to straw, dried plants such as kaya may be used as the wall block, and the same effect can be obtained.

Example 3

Next, a method of constructing a roof using a building block according to the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described as a third embodiment with reference to FIG. (Particularly corresponding to claim 6)
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a method of constructing a roof using the roof block according to the present embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1
In step 2, step S1 indicates a straw drying process. In this step S1, the cut straw is dried sufficiently. The drying may be carried out in the sun, or a dryer or the like may be used. Next, step S2 has shown the straw formation process. In this step S2, step S1
Or bundle the dried straws and fasten them with a piano wire,
An approximately rectangular parallelepiped straw body is formed using an adhesive or the like. And step S3 has shown the asphalt roofing coating process. In this step S3, step S2
In, the asphalt roofing is coated on the upper surface and the front surface of the straw body formed into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped. The asphalt roofing may cover not only the upper surface and the front surface of the straw body but also the back surface or the entire surface.
Succeedingly, Step S4 shows a pier installation step.
In step S4, three blocks are installed on the upper surface of the asphalt roofing covered on the upper surface of the straw body in step S3 to create a roof block. In addition, the three berths are created by changing the height of each of them, and are installed so that the height becomes higher in order from the front of the straw body. In addition, hook bolts are used to fix these piers and straw itself. And step S5 has shown the piano wire installation process.
In this step S5, two hook bolts are driven into two places on the back side of the straw body, and then a piano wire is fastened to these hook bolts. The piano wire is used for fixing a roof block described later.

Step S6 shows a rafter installation step. In this step S6, a plurality of rafters are sequentially installed in the climbing beam of the building in the climbing direction. The rafters should be installed so that they are vertical to the ground and stand on the climbing beams, and the installation position is adjusted to the width of the roof block. Moreover, step S7 has shown the base plate installation process. This step S7
Then, a base plate for mounting the roof block at the bottom is fixed to the lower end of the climbing beam.

Next, step S8 shows a frame installation step. In step S8, the frame body of the roof block is installed on the rafter installed in step S6.
The frame body is composed of a pair of side covers that cover the side surfaces of the roof block, a band provided with a connecting hole extending above the side covers, and a band fisherman. The installation of the frame body on the rafter is performed by placing the band of the frame body on the upper surface of the rafter and driving a nail into the connecting hole. In addition, the number of frames according to the design is set in one rafter in the lateral direction, and the frames are sequentially attached to the rafters standing in the climbing direction.

Succeedingly, step S9 shows a roof block arranging step. In this step S9, the roof block is placed inside the frame body installed in step S8. The roof block is housed in the frame so that the asphalt roofing covered in step S3 is on the front side and the pier installed in step S4 is on the top side. Step S10 shows a step of fixing the roof block. This step S
In step 10, the piano wire installed in step S5 is wound around the nail to which the frame body is fixed in step S8 to fix the roof block to the rafter.

Then, step S11 shows a lateral seaming process of the roof top plate. This step S11
In step S10, the roof surface plate is placed on the upper surface of the roof block fixed in step S10, and the roof surface plate in the lateral direction is welded. In the horizontal seam, first place the waste board on the upper surface of the boundary of the adjacent roof blocks, and then
While hooking the fishermen on the underside of the roof surface plate, the seams on the edges of the roof surface plate are fixed while the adjacent roof surface plates are interlocked. In addition, the discarding plate and the roof surface plate are precisely placed on the frame body for housing the roof block, and are put together. Finally, step S12 shows a vertical seaming process of the roof cover. In this step S12, in addition to the fixing of the roof surface plate by the lateral seam performed in step S11, the roof surface plate is vertically meshed and fixed. Longitudinal seams are the seams that are applied to the front edge of the roof plate, and the seams that are applied to the rear edge of the roof plate installed below the roof plate. , Bend together the hooks of the band fishing hooks of the frame that are in contact with the front edge of the roof plate. In this way, since the frame body is joined together with the roof cover plate, the frame body is firmly fixed in the front-rear direction by the roof cover plate and the rafters. In addition, if the roof surface plate is spliced in the ascending direction from the bottom, the scaffolding is stabilized by the fixed roof block and the roof surface plate, so that the work can be performed safely.

In this embodiment thus constructed, the roof block excellent in waterproofness, heat insulation, sound insulation and moisture absorption is made into a component, and the roof is constructed by using this component. It is easy and the construction period can be shortened. Also,
Since partial repair is possible, maintenance is easy and the cost required for maintenance can be reduced. Since the roof blocks are installed in the ascending direction from the eaves, the scaffolding is stable and it is not necessary to separately install the roof scaffolding. Moreover, since it is stepped, the risk of the worker slipping down is reduced.

Example 4

Finally, a method of constructing a wall using a building block according to the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described as a fourth embodiment with reference to FIG. (Corresponding to claim 7) FIG.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a wall construction method using the wall block according to the present embodiment of the present invention. In addition, step S1 and step S2 in FIG.
Since the process is the same as the process shown in FIG. 12 described in the third embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted. In FIG.
Step S3 shows an asphalt roofing coating process. In this step S3, the asphalt roofing is coated on the straw main body formed in the substantially rectangular parallelepiped in step S2. The asphalt roofing coating is applied to the entire surface of the straw body to enhance waterproofness, but the coating surface is not particularly limited. Further, the asphalt roofing may not be covered, and in this case, step S3 is omitted. And step S4 has shown the pier installation process. In this step S4, a splint is installed on one side surface or both side surfaces of the straw body to create a wall block. These piers are for nailing the inner wall material and the outer wall material, which will be described later, and the installation surface of the pier is determined according to whether or not the inner wall material and the outer wall material are installed. If both the inner wall material and the outer wall material are not installed, step S4 is omitted. Also, these piers need only be nailable,
The size and the number of installations are not particularly limited. Then, step S5 has shown the 1st piano wire installation process. In this step S5, two hook bolts are driven into two places on the upper surface side of the straw body, and the first piano wire is fastened to these hook bolts. The piano wire is used for suspending a wall block described later.

Next, step S6 shows a receiving plate setting step. In step S6, a backing plate for installing the wall block is installed on the base of the building. The size of this receiving plate is determined according to the size of the wall block to be installed. Step S7 shows a block loading process for walls. In this step S7, first, the blocks for walls are horizontally mounted on the upper surface of the receiving plate installed in step S6, and they are sequentially stacked in the vertical direction of the blocks for walls. Step S8 has shown the wall block suspension process. In step S8, the wall block is hung on the eaves girder of the building. First, a nail is driven into the eaves girder suspending the wall block, and then the first piano wire installed in the step S5 is pulled out from each wall block loaded in the step S7. It is wrapped around the nails and hung. When step S8 is alternately performed in combination with the wall block loading step of step S7, the wall blocks can be efficiently loaded and fixed without collapsing. Then, in step S9,
The 2nd piano wire installation process is shown. This step S
In step 9, the wall blocks loaded in step S7 are fixed in the vertical direction. That is, the wall block is supported by winding two second piano wires around the eaves girder and the nail driven into the receiving plate for the wall block for one vertical column, and prevents the vertical collapse. To do.

Succeedingly, step S10 shows an inner wall installation step. In this step S10, step S7 is performed.
Through step S9, the inner wall is installed on the indoor side of the wall formed by being stacked and fixed. The type of the inner wall to be installed is not particularly limited, but in the case of a plate material such as a decorative plate, it is installed by nailing it to the pier installed in step S4. Note that step S10 may be omitted and the inner wall may not be installed. In this case, the straw of the wall block is exposed as a wall in the room, and the texture and aroma of the straw can be enjoyed. Finally, step S11 shows an outer wall installation step. In this step S11, steps S7 to S9
The outer wall is installed on the outdoor side of the wall formed by loading and fixing in. Similar to the case of the inner wall in step S10, the type of the outer wall to be installed is not particularly limited, and when a plate material is adopted as the wall surface part, it is installed by nailing the pier installed in step S4. Further, when the soil is applied as the surface of the wall to install the earthen wall, step S4 may be omitted and the soil may be applied in step S11.

In this embodiment thus constructed, the wall block having excellent waterproofness, heat insulation, sound insulation and moisture absorption is made into parts, and the parts are sequentially stacked from the bottom and fixed to fix the wall. Since it is built, construction is safe and easy, and the construction period can be shortened.

[Industrial availability]

As described above, the invention described in claim 1 to claim 7 of the present invention is a building block excellent in waterproof property, heat insulating property, sound insulation property and moisture absorption property, and the function of this building block. It is possible to provide a roof and walls that play, and a simple and safe construction method for these roofs and walls,
It can be used for various buildings such as general houses and leisure facilities.

[Brief description of drawings]

[0049]

FIG. 1 is an outline view of a roof block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a top view of a roof block according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the roof block.

FIG. 3 is an outline view of a frame body of the roof block according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an outline view of a roof surface plate of the roof block according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an outline view of a discarding plate and a fishing rod of the roof block according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 6 (a) is a conceptual diagram showing a partial cross section of a roof portion of a house for constructing a roof block according to the present embodiment,
(B) is a conceptual diagram showing a partial cross section of a roof portion of a house in which a roof block is similarly constructed.

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the roof block when the roof block according to the present embodiment is built on the roof of the house, and FIG. 7B is the same when the roof block is built on the roof of the house. FIG. 4C is a top view of the roof block of FIG. 4C, and FIG. 7C is a rear view of the roof block when the roof block is similarly constructed on the roof of the house.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a roof portion of a house in which the roof block according to the present embodiment is constructed.

FIG. 9 is an outline view of a roof portion of a house in which the roof block according to the present embodiment is constructed.

FIG. 10 is a front view of the wall portion of the house in which the wall block according to the embodiment of the present invention is constructed.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a wall portion of a house in which the wall block according to the present embodiment is constructed.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a method of constructing a roof using the roof block according to the present embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a wall construction method using the wall block according to the present embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Roof block 2 ... Straw body 3 ... Asphalt roofing 4 ... First pier 5 ... Second pier 6 ... Third pier 7 ... Hook bolt for pier 8 ... Piano wire 9
... Piano wire hook bolt 10 ... Frame 11 ... Side cover 12 ... Band 13 ... Band fisher 14 ... Connection hole 15 ... Hook 16 ... Net 17 ... Roof surface plate 18
… Right angle section 19… First haze 20… Second haze 21
… Roof top 22… Roof front 23… Third haze 24
… The fourth haze 25… Abandoned plate 26… A fishing boat 27… A house 28… A pillar 29… A gable beam 30… An eaves girder 31… A shed
32 ... Climbing beam 33 ... Double beam 34 ... Purlin 35 ... Rafter 36 ... Base plate 37 ... Double-headed nail 38 ... Glazing 39 ...
Wall 40 ... Wall block 41 ... Nail 42 ... Receiving material 43
… 1st piano wire 44… Foundation 45… Base 46… Hook bolt 47… Second piano wire 48… Hexagon coach screw

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A main body part in which dried plants are formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, a waterproof part covered by the main body part, and at least two crosspiece parts fixed to the upper surface of the main body part and having different heights. A building block characterized by having. 2. The building block according to claim 1, further comprising a film portion laid on the bottom surface of the main body portion. 3. The building block according to claim 1, further comprising a frame body portion that covers at least one of the two side surfaces of the main body portion. 4. A plurality of beam members, a plurality of rafters provided vertically on the plurality of beam members, and a plurality of claims 1 to 3.
A building block according to any one of paragraphs 1, a fixture for fixing the building block to the rafter, and a roof surface portion covered on the upper surfaces of the plurality of building blocks. The characteristic roof. 5. A beam, a plurality of building blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a suspender for suspending the building block on the beam, and a plurality of the hanging blocks. A wall surface portion that is provided on the side surface of the building block of. 6. A process of forming a building block by forming a dry plant in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, covering a waterproof part and providing a crossing part on the waterproof part, and a rafter supporting the building block. A roof comprising a step of installing on a beam, a step of arranging and fixing the building blocks on the rafters, and a step of fixing a roof surface portion to the crosspiece and covering the building blocks. How to build. 7. A step of forming a building block by forming a dry plant in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, covering a waterproof part, and providing a crossing part on the waterproof part, and a beam for supporting the building block. A wall having a step of placing the building block on the beam and suspending the building block, and a step of fixing a wall surface portion to the crosspiece and covering the building block. How to build.