RU2582372C2 - Combined pumping-displacement system for feed of hydroreactive fuel (hrf) liquid components to consuming hardware - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; motors and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fuel supply circuits to combustion and devices for production of combustion products of high pressure or high speed. Combined pump-displacement fluid component feed circuit hydro-reacting fuel (HRF) to consumer, containing consumer with cooling system, oxidizer pump, oxidizer pump drive turbine, which is rotated by flow of reaction products and fuel and oxidiser, fuel tank tightly divided into cavity with HRF and cavity for displacement body by means of bellows, bag or moving or elastic baffle, connection lines, fuel components feed and discharge line, valves, control and control members, wherein oxidant is used as displacing body to feed liquid hydro-reacting fuel to consumer, wherein oxidizer for displacement of liquid hydro-reacting fuel is taken from consuming equipment cooling system tank, hence it is of high temperature. Extra heat exchange surface between the displacing oxidizer and HRF is composed by the chambers for HRF displacing oxidizer with their limiting surfaces in, at least, partial contact with the HRF in the tank. Oxidiser pump drive turbine can be actuated by superheated water steam, taken from consuming equipment cooling system. Circuit can contain heat exchanger.

EFFECT: decreased weight and its volume, lower costs of feed and HRF feed, simplified provision variety of operation conditions of system operation, better controllability and stability of underwater or two environment vehicles, which use invention, and simpler and cheaper design feed system.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fuel supply systems for combustion devices and devices for producing high pressure or high speed combustion products using a “hydroreactive fuel (GRG) - water” fuel pair as a working fluid, for example, combustion chambers of propulsion and power plants and power plants , in particular, can be used in propulsion systems of underwater and two-medium vehicles.

Two main systems for supplying fuel components in liquid-propellant rocket engines are known and traditionally used: turbopump (pump) and displacing (see, for example, “Liquid-propellant rocket engines. Fundamentals of design”, M. M. M. Dobrovolsky, “Engineering”. 1968. 396 from.). These fuel supply schemes are also used in other areas, for example, in propulsion systems of underwater or aircraft.

Also known is the invention "A turbopump power system for a liquid propellant rocket engine" (RU 2246023 C2, IPC F02K 9/48, publ. 02/10/2005). The turbopump power system for a liquid propellant rocket engine includes lines of unlike fuel components, gas lines, and a gas generator. In front of the main turbopump unit with a multi-stage fuel component pump and a gas driven gas turbine, a booster turbopump unit with a fuel component pump and a single-stage driven hydraulic turbine powered from the nth stage of the main pump is installed. The working path of the hydraulic turbine is located in the connecting line between the output of the nth and the input of the (n + 1) st stage of the main pump. The invention will simplify the power system and reduce the mass of a liquid rocket engine.

The disadvantage of the invention is its relatively high indicators of mass and volume when used in the technical field defined for the invention.

The invention “The system of pressurization of fuel tanks (options)” is also known (RU 2341675 C2, IPC F02K 9/50, publ. 20.12.2008). The invention relates to space technology, and more specifically to the design and operation of jet propulsion systems (RDU) of spacecraft (KLA). In the system of pressurization of fuel tanks, containing high-pressure cylinders connected by pneumatic lines to the gas cavities of the corresponding fuel tanks of the fuel and oxidizer, and sequentially installed on the pneumatic lines, start-off valves and gas reducers, in contrast to the prototype, according to the first embodiment, a heating device is introduced into it, made in a multichannel shell-and-tube heat exchanger connected to the temperature control system, inside each tube of which there is a propellant body throughout the length of the tube with the formation of a uniform gap in the annular channel between the wall of the tube and the propellant body, the tubes being made in the form of coils and heat exchanger channels included in the corresponding circuits of the pneumatic lines after gas reducers, before which throttle devices are installed, while the annular cavity of the heat exchanger is connected to the on-board system thermoregulation. According to the second option, a heating device is introduced into the system of pressurizing the fuel tanks, made in the form of a multi-channel shell-and-tube heat exchanger connected to the thermal control system, inside each tube of which a propellant is located along the entire length of the tube with the formation of a uniform gap in the annular channel between the tube wall and the displacer body, moreover, the tubes are made in the form of coils and the heat exchanger channels are included in the corresponding circuits of the pneumatic lines after the throttle devices are installed x in front of gas reducers, while the annular cavity of the heat exchanger is connected to the on-board temperature control system. The invention provides increased efficiency and reliability by eliminating the formation of a cold gas stream entering the gas cavities of the fuel and oxidizer fuel tanks.

The disadvantage of this invention is the organization of the displacement of the fuel components by the gas body - due to the significantly lower density compared to the displaced liquid component, the centers of gravity of the component tanks significantly change their position during the operation of the propulsion system, which ultimately negatively affects the controllability and stability of the apparatus. In addition, this system implies the presence in the composition of the system (on board the device) of containers with a gas displacing body, which increases the volume and weight of the entire structure as a whole.

A common drawback of these analogues is the difficulty in ensuring the multi-mode operation of the propulsion system, that is, changing and maintaining the necessary operating parameters. For this, it is necessary to introduce into the system of bodies coordination of the costs of the oxidizing agent and fuel, which negatively affects the mass, occupied volume and reliability of the installation as a whole.

As a prototype, the supply scheme for installing aluminum-seawater on a fuel, described in the book “Hydrodynamics and power engineering of underwater vehicles” (Greiner L., Hydrodynamics and power engineering of underwater vehicles, translation into Russian, Leningrad, “Shipbuilding”, 1978, 384, was selected) p.) on page 233: “Aluminum is placed in a compartment, which is a high-pressure tank, the outer wall of which serves as a torpedo shell. Aluminum is injected into the combustion chamber under pressure from seawater, which is supplied through a pipeline through an aluminum checker to the front of the fuel compartment. The combustion chamber, where the reaction of aluminum with water takes place, is made as a whole with the housing of the fuel compartment and is its aft end, the front of which is in contact with the fuel. In the steady state, heat is transferred from the combustion chamber to the fuel in the contact zone to form molten aluminum, which then flows into the combustion chamber in liquid form ... ” An image of the described circuit is presented in Fig. 5.11 on page 233. Also on page 236, a standard power plant is used to compare the characteristics of fuels: “Gaseous products of combustion under high pressure drive the turbine, which rotates the propeller shaft and the water pump through the gearbox. "The water pump supplies water to the combustion chamber and creates the necessary pressure in the fuel compartment."

The disadvantage of this scheme is that for the transfer of heat from the combustion chamber to the fuel, it is necessary to perform them in the form of a single design, which is not always appropriate for various reasons, for example, on balancing the apparatus in which this scheme is used. In addition, the oxidizer pump drive turbine operates in a high-temperature flow of reaction products having high pressure and also containing solid particles, in this case, aluminum oxides. This imposes increased requirements on reliability, heat resistance, wear resistance and strength to the turbine used, which leads to a complication and cost of construction.

The above disadvantages are eliminated in the present invention. The objective of the invention is the organization of the process of supplying the liquid components of hydroreactive fuel (GRT) to the consumer (for example, a reactor or combustion chamber), which reduces the weight of the supply system and the volume occupied by it, reduces energy costs for supplying and preparing for supplying GRG to the consumer, improving the controllability and stability of underwater vehicles and two-medium vehicles, in the case of using in their composition the invention, simplifying the provision of multi-mode operation of the engine Fitting minutes, propulsion system or other power plants and power plants, in which the composition is used, the invention, as well as easier and cheaper construction supply system as a whole. The tasks are achieved by the following:

- reducing the mass of the supply system and the volume occupied by it - due to the absence of a separate pump or tank with a displacing body in the invention for supplying fuel (liquid GRG) to the consumer, in contrast to the traditional pump supply system. The displacement of GRG is carried out by an oxidizing agent (water);

- reduction of energy costs for supplying and preparing for supplying GRG to the consumer - due to the displacement of liquid GRG by an oxidizing agent (water) supplied to the tank cavity for displacing the body from the consumer cooling system (for example, the reactor cooling path or the combustion chamber), i.e. (oxidizing agent) has a high temperature. Thus, by displacing the liquid GRH from the tank, the oxidizing agent first heats it, melting, if the GRH is in the solid aggregate state, and reduces its viscosity, which generally reduces the energy costs for supplying and preparing for the supply of GRG to the consumer;

- improving the controllability and stability of the apparatus - in contrast to the analogue, where the components are replaced by a gas body, the liquid GRG is displaced by heated water, whose density is closer to the density of the liquid GRG as compared to the gas displacing body, respectively, as the liquid GRG is displaced from the tank, its volume is filled with water, and the change in the position of the center of gravity of the tank with GRG and, as a consequence, the apparatus, with respect to the center of pressure of the apparatus decreases. In addition, due to the lack of the need to carry out the fuel tank at the same time as the consumer, due to heat transfer using the displacing component passing through the consumer cooling system, and not due to the thermal conductivity of the common wall, as in the prototype, it becomes possible to carry them in the volume of the apparatus or structure the object in which the invention is used, in order to optimally position the center of gravity of the entire structure;

- simplification of ensuring the multi-mode operation of the installation - due to the possibility of regulating the flow rate of the components of the hydraulic fracturing by means of a direct dependence of the flow rate of the GRG on the flow rate of the displacing water, unlike analogues, where for these purposes it is necessary to introduce additional organs and units for coordinating the flow of components.

- simplification and cheapening of the design of the supply system as a whole - due to the operation of the oxidizer pump drive turbine from superheated steam coming from the consumer cooling system. Thus, the requirements for the strength, wear resistance and heat resistance of the turbine are reduced, since, unlike the prototype, where a high-temperature stream of reaction products of fuel components is used as a working fluid for the turbine, it has high pressure and contains solid particles (aluminum oxides), the superheated steam has lower temperature and does not contain solid particles that can destroy the turbine blades. Also, the simplification of the supply system is a consequence of the absence in the invention of a separate pump or tank with a displacing body for supplying fuel to the consumer.

The invention is intended to organize the supply of liquid components of the fuel pair "GRG - water" to the consumer (for example, a reactor or combustion chamber) in power plants and propulsion and power plants, in particular in propulsion systems of underwater and two-medium vehicles. It is preferable to use the invention in installations with access to large resources of water (rivers, reservoirs, seas, etc.), as a result of which it is not necessary to introduce into the composition of the installation a container with a supply of water and water can be supplied to the installation directly from such a resource, for example, in propulsion systems of underwater vehicles, where water can be drawn from the side of the vehicle.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. Figure 2 shows the principal images of the combined pump-displacement scheme for supplying liquid components of hydraulic fracturing, differing in the way the turbine is driven (the images are illustrative and do not limit the scope of rights of the aggregate of essential features). As a consumer of the components of GDT in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows a reactor.

The inventive combined pump-displacement scheme for supplying liquid components of hydraulic fracturing to the consumer, comprising a tank with GRG 1, hermetically divided into a cavity with GRG and a cavity for the displacing body by means of a bellows, bag or other movable or elastic septum 2, an oxidizer pump (water ) 3, the oxidizer pump drive turbine 4 and a consumer with a cooling system (in this particular case, reactor 5 with a cooling path 6), as well as connecting lines and component supply and removal lines, valves and reg evidence and governing bodies, uses an oxidizing agent (water) as a body to displace liquid GRH from the tank. In one embodiment (shown in Fig. 1), the turbine is driven into rotation by the flow of reaction products of the components of the GDT from the reactor. In the second embodiment (shown in Fig. 2), the turbine is driven into rotation by superheated steam obtained by introducing water into the reactor cooling path.

The combined pump-displacement scheme for supplying the liquid components of the hydraulic fracturing to the consumer works as follows:

Water is supplied via an oxidizer pump 3 to the consumer cooling system (in this particular case, the cooling path 6 of the reactor 5). In the first embodiment (Fig. 1), passing through the cooling path 6, the water is heated, cooling the reactor 5, and part of it is supplied to the reactor 5 for the subsequent reaction with liquid GRG, and the second part is sent to the cavity for the displacing body of the GRG tank 1, heating GRH and through partition 2 displacing the liquid GRH into the reactor 5. The liquid GRH and water entering the reactor 5 react, forming a high-temperature stream of reaction products. The turbine 4 is driven into rotation by the reaction products of the components of the GDT formed in the reactor 5, and drives the oxidizer pump 3.

The second option (Fig. 2) differs from the first in that the oxidizer pump 3 is driven by a turbine 4, which is driven by superheated steam coming from the consumer cooling system (in this particular case, from the cooling path 6 of reactor 5). After the turbine 4, the generated steam can be sent to the reactor 5 for the subsequent reaction with liquid GRH, and can be discharged into the environment or used for other purposes. In the case of introducing the steam that has worked on the turbine 4 into the reactor 5, depending on the parameters of the water vapor (mainly temperature), it may be necessary to introduce a heat exchanger (not shown in FIG. 2) into the feed system to lower the vapor temperature (for example, to the condensation temperature and below). As a refrigerant, water can be used in the oxidizer line.

It is preferable to use the invention in propulsion systems and power plants of underwater and two-medium vehicles. In this case, in the first embodiment, after the turbine, the triggered reaction products can be supplied to the jet nozzle to create reactive thrust, or to another consumer. The turbine can also be a drive of a screw or other propulsion or consumer, then the reaction product stream generated on the turbine can be discharged into the environment or used for other purposes (for example, for additional heating of the GRG in the tank). In the second embodiment, the reaction products of the components of the hydraulic fracturing after the reactor are fed to the apparatus’s engine (for example, to a propeller (propeller) drive turbine), or to a jet nozzle to create reactive thrust, or to another consumer. The drive of a screw or other mover or consumer, in addition to the oxidizer pump, from the turbine 4 in this embodiment seems to be inexpedient due to the lower efficiency of water vapor in comparison with the reaction products of the components of the hydraulic fracturing. The second option seems more appropriate when organizing the jet movement of the apparatus compared to the first option.

Due to the direct dependence of the flow of GRG on the flow of water displacing it, it becomes possible to regulate the flow of GRG by changing the flow of water.

In order to provide better heat transfer between the displacing oxidizing agent and GRG in the tank, it is possible to use the walls of the tank as an additional heat exchange surface by organizing the cavity formed by the double walls of the tank, external or internal channels, or other cavities, the limiting surfaces of which are at least partially in contact with the GRG in the tank. The displaced heated water is accessed into the described cavities and, due to the increase in the heat exchange surface area, the heating of the GRG in the tank is accelerated before it is supplied to the consumer.

It is also possible to organize the supply of the displacing GRG of the body (water) bypassing the consumer cooling system, that is, without a relatively significant increase in its temperature, if the GRG does not need heating. This option will lead to a simplification of the system as a whole, ceteris paribus.

Specific schemes for initiating work (start-up) of the proposed supply circuit are not considered in this invention and are the subject of a separate consideration.

The present invention allows to achieve a reduction in the mass of the supply system and a reduction in the volume occupied by it in comparison with traditional supply systems and analogues, ceteris paribus; reducing energy costs for supplying and preparing for supplying GRG to a consumer (for example, a reactor or a combustion chamber); simplification of ensuring multi-mode operation of power and propulsion systems or other power plants, in particular propulsion systems as part of underwater vehicles or two-medium vehicles; providing better and more stable controllability and stability of underwater or two-medium vehicles, in which the invention is used; as well as simplifying and reducing the cost of the design of the feed system as a whole.

Claims (4)

1. A combined pump-displacement scheme for supplying liquid components of hydroreactive fuel to a consumer, comprising a consumer with a cooling system, an oxidizer pump, an oxidizer pump drive turbine, which is driven by a stream of reaction products of fuel and oxidizer, a fuel tank, hermetically divided into a cavity with hydroreactive fuel and cavity for the displacing body using a bellows, a bag or a movable or elastic partition, connecting lines, supply and removal lines of components opliva, valves, control and regulating organs, the oxidant is used as a displacing body for supplying liquid fuel to the consumer gidroreagiruyuschego, characterized in that the oxidant to displace gidroreagiruyuschego liquid fuel from the tank is drawn from the cooling system of the consumer than is caused by its high temperature. 2. The supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, as an additional heat exchange surface between the displacing oxidizer and GRG in the tank, cavities for displacing the hydroreactive fuel of the oxidizing agent are organized in the tank, the limiting surfaces of which are at least partially contacted with the hydroreactive fuel in the tank. 3. The feed scheme according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidizer pump drive turbine is driven by superheated water vapor, selected from the consumer cooling system. 4. The feed circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that the circuit is equipped with a heat exchanger.

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