RU2582134C1 - Explosion-proof chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safety; blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of providing safety of blasting operations. Explosion-proof chamber comprises front, rear, side walls and ceilings, side and rear walls are doubled and have inner and outer wall arranged at certain distance from each other and equipped with windows and openings, which are shifted in inner walls relative to windows and openings in external walls, in ceilings also has opening closed by cover arranged at certain distance from ceiling, front wall is equipped with movable gates, inner side walls have possibility of movement on guides for change of internal chamber volume, is additionally equipped with explosion-proof device with safety indicator on breaking element installed in expansion adapter with hatch and containing valve body, heat-insulating and disruptive elements, lined load gate covering hole in the body of protected object, and in upper cylindrical part of valve body there are heat-insulating element and sealing membrane pressed to valve body by cover, articulated with lever interacting with baffle plate, and attachment point of breaking element is fixed with its upper part on lever, and lower part on upper cylindrical part of valve body, and bursting element consists of wire, locking bolt, fork, valve cover lever, nuts, two drums, located respectively in valve cover plate fork lever and in upper cylindrical part of valve body, wherein wire ends are inserted into holes of drums and then, wound on them, and clearance h between forks is about (1.5÷3) of wire diameter, and parameters of valve are within following optimum intervals of values: c = H/Dy = 2.5÷3.0, where Dy is diameter of upper cylindrical part of valve body, equal to maximum size of holes of housing of protected object; H is height of valve assembly, at that on wire breaking safety indicator element is fixed in form of sensor responding to deformation, for example resistive strain gauge, output of which is connected with signal amplifier, for example strain-amplifier, and strain-amplifier output is connected to input of device warning on emergency situation, and wire breaking element, on which there is safety indicator sensor is made elastic and has several turns in part connected with safety indicator sensor.

EFFECT: invention allows improving explosion safety of experimental investigations.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for ensuring the safety of special-purpose blasting in mining and construction for the safe blasting of lumpy rock mass (oversized) and can be used to create explosive chambers and structures as a research center for explosive fast-moving processes.

Known localizing device according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2455614, F42D 5/04 [1], which is a sealed explosive chamber in a metal case.

A known design of the device according to the patent of Russian Federation 2168107, F42D 5/00 [2], consisting of reinforced concrete and metal sealing shell, which absorb the pressure of the explosion transmitted through the damping layer.

The scope of their application and, accordingly, the design are determined from the need to ensure tight containment in an enclosed volume of explosion products containing explosive highly toxic substances, the disadvantage is the inability to regulate, i.e. change the internal volume of the device.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2100774, F42D 5/045 [3], consisting of freely hanging flexible elements, a mesh screen, limiting the expansion of solid destruction products, including during explosive crushing of oversized rock mass.

The disadvantage of this device is the need to keep flexible elements in a free-hanging state, which is not always possible, given the cramped quarry conditions, as well as the limited use in open work areas, due to the likely expansion of pieces outside the device.

An explosion-proof chamber according to RF patent No. 147840 is selected as a prototype, including front, rear, side walls and a ceiling, characterized in that the side and rear walls are double and contain internal and external walls located at a certain distance from each other and equipped with windows and openings that are displaced in the inner walls relative to windows and openings in the outer walls, a window is also provided in the ceiling, covered by a lid placed at a certain distance from the ceiling, the front wall is provided on the movable gate, the inner side walls are movable along the guide to vary the inner volume of the chamber.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the limitation of the size of the shelter, due to its movement in transport, as well as the lack of the ability to change the internal volume within the necessary limits for research.

The technical task to be solved is the development of a safe design of a stationary explosion-proof chamber for conducting experimental studies of the mechanical properties of destructible material, as well as studying the course of explosive processes, the design of which allows you to change the internal volume and ensure safe crushing of oversized explosive methods.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the explosion safety of experimental studies.

This is achieved in that the explosion-proof chamber, including the front, rear, side walls and the ceiling, characterized in that the side and rear walls are double and contain internal and external walls located at a certain distance from each other and equipped with windows and openings that are the inner walls are offset relative to windows and openings in the outer walls, a window is also provided in the ceiling, covered by a lid placed at a certain distance from the ceiling, the front wall is equipped with movable gates, the inner side walls can be moved along the guides to change the internal volume of the chamber; it is additionally equipped with an explosion-proof device with a safety indicator on the bursting element mounted in the expansion neck of the tank with a manhole and containing a valve body, heat-insulating and bursting elements, lined cargo closure, covering the hole in the body of the protected object, and in the upper cylindrical part of the valve body there is a heat-insulating element and a sealing m a membrane that is pressed to the valve body by means of a cover pivotally connected to a lever interacting with the chipper, and the fastening element of the discontinuous element is fastened with its upper part to the lever and the lower to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, and the discontinuous element consists of a wire, a locking bolt, plugs, valve cover lever, nut, two drums located respectively in the valve cover lever fork and in the fork of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, while the ends of the wire are inserted into the holes of the drum new and then wound on them, and the gap h between the plugs is of the order of (1.5 ÷ 3) of the wire diameter, and the valve parameters are in the following optimal ranges of values: c = H / Dy = 2.5 ÷ 3.0, where Dy — diameter of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body equal to the maximum size of the hole of the body of the protected object; H is the height of the valve assembly, while a safety indicator is fixed on the wire of the discontinuous element in the form of a sensor that responds to deformation, for example, a strain gauge, the output of which is connected to a signal amplifier, for example a strain gauge, and the output of the strain gauge is connected to the input of the emergency warning device, and the wire of the bursting element, on which the sensor of the safety indicator is fixed, is made elastic and has several turns in the part connected to the sensor of the safety indicator.

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of an explosion-proof chamber, FIG. 2 shows a section along section AA in FIG. 1, in FIG. 3 shows a general view of an explosion-proof device with a bursting element, FIG. 4 is a diagram of a safety indicator on a discontinuous element.

The explosion-proof chamber is a stationary reinforced concrete building structure, which can be located near crushing and screening complexes, and is designed to safely explode oversized particles inside it, formed after the initial breaking of the rock mass. The predominant area of its use is experimental research when blasting inside it, for example, oversized rock mass.

The camera body consists of side and rear double walls - internal and external, placed at a certain distance from each other, the front wall with a gate and a ceiling. In the side and rear inner and outer walls there are windows and openings located offset from each other so that the pieces do not fly out of the chamber and the shock wave is diverted from it. A window was also made in the ceiling for the removal of the shock wave, and to prevent the oversized pieces from flying outside, this window is also covered by an additional cover placed at a certain distance from the plane of the ceiling. The walls and ceiling in places of possible contact with pieces of oversized pieces flying apart during the explosion are lined with steel sheets to prevent them from destruction. A distinctive feature of the camera is the ability to move along the guides of its internal side walls within specified limits for the study of explosive processes.

Through the gates in the front wall of the chamber body, which are closed during blasting, oversized items are delivered and the destroyed mass is removed after the blasting. Through openings in the outer walls of the loader, cleaning of the destroyed mass that got there during the explosion through the windows in the inner walls is carried out. Thus, the design of the camera allows you to reliably localize the effect of the explosion, while maintaining the strength of all elements.

A new set of essential features, as well as the presence of connections between them, allow, in particular, due to the design of the explosion-proof chamber, to safely destroy the rock mass near production sites, study explosive processes, and also carry out experimental studies to determine the mechanical properties of rocks.

On the foundation 1 there is a reinforced concrete building, in the ceiling 2, in the rear and lateral outer 5, lateral inner 4 and rear inner 5 walls of which there are openings 6 and windows 7 for overpressure output (shown in arrows in Fig. 2) of the blast wave. The lid 8, blocking the window 7 in the ceiling 2, is located above it at a distance sufficient to exit the excess pressure generated by the explosion of oversized 9, and to prevent the pieces from flying apart. The front wall 10, the walls 4, 5 and the ceiling 2 in places of possible contact with pieces of oversized 9 that fly apart during the explosion are lined with steel sheets 11, which prevent them from destruction. In the front wall there is a transport arch 12 with a gate 13 for the import of oversized goods 9 and the export of destroyed material after the explosion.

Oversized items 9 brought from the quarry or delivered from the hopper of the head crushers of the crushing and screening complex by vehicle 14 (for example, a dump truck) are unloaded inside the explosion-proof chamber. After preparatory work, the gate 13 is closed and the oversized 9 are blown up. After that, the gate 13 is opened and the loading and delivery equipment 15 is used to clean the destroyed material, including from the openings 6. For conducting experimental studies, the inner side walls 4 can be moved in predetermined limits along the guides 16, changing the internal usable volume of the camera.

A hole 17 is made in the ceiling 8, into which an explosion-proof device 18 is inserted, having a safety indicator unit 19, which is connected by a mobile communication with the warning system 20.

To increase the safety of conducting experimental studies, an explosion-proof device with a safety indicator was also mounted in the ceiling (Figs. 3 and 4). The explosion-proof device with a safety indicator on the bursting element is mounted on the housing 21 (Fig. 3) of the protected object (tank truck) and contains a lined cargo lock made in two layers: a layer of lining 30, covering the hole with a diameter of Dy in the housing 21 of the protected object, and bulk cargo layer 22 in the form of crushed stone, gravel or sand. The valve body 23 is made in the form of a lower conical and upper cylindrical part, in which a heat-insulating element 24 and a sealing membrane 15 are placed, pressed against the valve body by means of a cover 26, pivotally connected to a lever 28 interacting with the fender 27.

The knot 29 of the fastening of the discontinuous element (Fig. 4) in the form of a wire is fixed with its upper part to the lever 28, and the lower one to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 23. The fastening element of the bursting element consists of a wire 26, a locking bolt 31, a plug 32, a valve cover lever 33, a nut 24, and two drums 25 located respectively in the fork 32 of the valve cover lever 33 and in the fork of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 23. The ends of the wire 36 are inserted into the holes of the drums 35 and then wound on them when they are rotated with a conventional wrench. After sufficient wire tension, the drums 35 are fixed with locking bolts 31.

On the wire 26, in its middle (not shown, that is, as in the prototype) free of fixture parts, a security indicator 37 is fixed in the form of a sensor that responds to deformation, for example, a strain gauge (strain gauge), the output of which is connected to a signal amplifier, for example a strain gauge 28, and the output of the strain gauge 38 is connected to the input of the emergency warning device 39.

A possible embodiment of the wire (Fig. 3) of the discontinuous element, on which the sensor of the safety indicator is fixed, is elastic and has several turns in the part connected to the sensor of the safety indicator.

It is important to note that the valve operating pressure depends only on the strength of the wire 26 and does not depend on its tension. So that valve actuation is not preceded by large plastic deformations of the wire, its length and, consequently, the clearance h should be minimal. The gap h should be of the order of (l, 5 ÷ 3) d, where d is the diameter of the wire. So that the fastening of the ends of the wire is reliable and does not allow them to be pulled out of the holes in the drum, at least three turns must be wound on it. The hinged lid 26 through the lever 28 is held in a closed position with a bursting element 19, the role of which is performed by a calibrated cross-section wire. To completely seal the valve, a membrane 25 of aluminum foil or of a polymeric material is used. Under the action of pressure in the protected apparatus, the membrane is pressed against the cover and thus through the lever 18 all the pressure is transferred to the lever hinge and the burst wire 29. The membrane itself is almost completely unloaded and the valve operating pressure (wire break 29) has a significant effect does not render. In this sense, the membrane is not a design element: the design of the explosive valve.

If processes take place in the protected tank at high temperatures, then two levels of thermal insulation are provided for thermal protection of the membrane 25 and other valve parts. The first of them is a cargo lock 22, lined with refractory material, and the second is mineral wool, asbestos chips or other heat-resistant porous material 24, laid in a basket of metal rods or strips. To obtain the highest explosion protection efficiency of production equipment, the explosion protection valve has parameters that are in the following optimal ranges of values: c = H / Dy = 2.5 ÷ 3.0,

where Dy is the diameter of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body equal to the maximum size of the opening of the body 21 of the protected object; H is the height of the valve assembly.

Explosion-proof device with a safety indicator on the bursting element operates as follows.

The pressure in the protected tank acts on the lid 26, since the shutter 22 closes the inlet leakage, and with a rapid increase in pressure, it can rise, and the insulating layer 14 is porous.

When the valve is activated, the cover 26 is thrown as far as it will go into the chippers 27, the backfill 22 and the heat-insulating element 24 are ejected from the valve cavity by a gas flow. When this occurs, the safety indicator 27 in the form of a sensor that responds to a deformation of the gap, for example a strain gauge, the signal from which is fed to the signal amplifier 38, and then to the emergency warning device 39.

In the case when the pressure increase in the object is insignificant, the cover 26 is still lifted, but without the ejection by the gas stream of the backfill 22 and the heat-insulating element 24, i.e. If a pre-emergency situation occurs, the safety indicator 37 is activated and the warning device 39 signals to the maintenance personnel about the violation of the process and the need to take measures to prevent the accident.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 2455614 of the Russian Federation, IPC F42D 5/04. Localizing device for radiographic studies of explosive processes / A.S. Stepanov, V.P. Kuzmin, R.S. Mukhametshin, I.N. Gordeev et al. - 2010147796/03; Claim 11/23/2010; Publ. 07/10/2012. - 11 p.: Ill.

2. Patent No. 2168107 of the Russian Federation, F42D 5/00. Prefabricated device for the localization of explosion products / G.P. Motorikin, V.P. Zhogin. - 99122203/06; Claim 10/22/1999; Publ. 05/27/2001. - 5 p.: Ill.

3. Patent No. 2100774 of the Russian Federation, F42D 5/045. Device for localization of the zone of explosive destruction / G.A. Bass. - 95121978/03; Claim 12/28/1995; Publ. 12/27/1997. - 4 p.: Ill.

4. Instructions for the organization and safe production of blasting in cramped conditions with the use of protective shelters / IHD UB RAS. - Ekaterinburg, 2010.

Claims (1)

The explosion-proof chamber, including the front, rear, side walls and the ceiling, the side and rear walls are double and contain internal and external walls located at a certain distance from each other and equipped with windows and openings that are displaced in the inner walls relative to the windows and openings in the outer walls, in the ceiling there is also a window covered by a lid placed at a certain distance from the ceiling, the front wall is equipped with movable gates, the inner side walls are able to travel along guides to change the internal volume of the chamber, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an explosion-proof device with a safety indicator on the bursting element mounted in the expansion neck of the tank with a manhole and containing a valve body, heat-insulating and bursting elements, a lined cargo gate, covering the hole in the body of the protected object, and in the upper cylindrical part of the valve body there is a heat-insulating element and a sealing membrane pressed against to the valve body by means of a cover pivotally connected to a lever cooperating with the chipper, and the fastening element of the discontinuous element is fastened with its upper part to the lever and the lower to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, and the discontinuous element consists of a wire, a locking bolt, a plug, a cover lever valve, nut, two drums located respectively in the fork of the lever of the valve cover and in the fork of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, while the ends of the wire are inserted into the holes of the drums and then wound on them, and the gap h between the forks is about (1.5 ÷ 3) of the wire diameter, and the valve parameters are in the following optimal ranges of values: c = H / Dy = 2.5 ÷ 3.0, where Dy is the diameter of the upper the cylindrical part of the valve body equal to the maximum size of the opening of the body of the protected object; H is the height of the valve assembly, while a safety indicator is fixed on the wire of the discontinuous element in the form of a sensor that responds to deformation, for example, a strain gauge, the output of which is connected to a signal amplifier, for example a strain gauge, and the output of the strain gauge is connected to the input of the emergency warning device, and the wire of the bursting element, on which the sensor of the safety indicator is fixed, is made elastic and has several turns in the part connected to the sensor of the safety indicator.

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