RU2442052C1 - Explosion-protective valve for process equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering and is intended for explosion protection of process equipment. In the explosion-protective valve comprising valve body, valve, heat insulating and discontinuous elements, there is additionally lined cargo bolt. This cargo bolt is movably connected to the valve body by at least three flexible connectors, such as chains. One end of the chain is pivotally connected to the valve body. The other end is pivotally connected to the cargo bolt. The valve body is designed as bottom cylindrical, middle conical and upper cylindrical parts. In the bottom cylindrical part the lined cargo bolt that overlaps the hole on the protected object is placed. In the upper cylindrical part of the valve bode the insulation and sealing membrane is placed. The membrane is pressed against the valve body through the lid. The lid is pivotally connected with a lever coupled to the striker. Attachment point of the burst element is mounted on the lever by its upper part and to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body by its bottom part. The burst element consists of wire, locking bolt, plug, valve led lever, nuts, two drums, located respectively in the plug of the valve lid lever and in the plug of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body. The ends of the wire are inserted into the drums holes and then are wound up on them. ^ EFFECT: improved protection efficiency of the process equipment from explosions by increasing the speed and reliability of operation. ^ 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used for explosion protection of technological equipment.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is an explosion-proof device for A. with. USSR No. 593019, F16D 3/04, 1976 (prototype), comprising a valve body, a shutter, heat insulating and explosive elements.

A disadvantage of the known solution is the relatively low reliability of operation of the bursting disc.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of protection of technological equipment from explosions by increasing speed and reliability of operation.

This is achieved by the fact that in the explosion-proof valve containing the valve body, a shutter, heat insulating and bursting elements, an additional lined cargo gate is movably connected to the valve body by means of at least three flexible connections, for example, in the form of chains, one end of which is pivotally connected to the valve body, and the other is pivotally connected to the cargo lock, while the valve body is made in the form of a lower cylindrical, middle conical and upper cylindrical parts, and in the lower cylindrical part and a lined cargo lock is placed that covers the hole in the body of the protected object, and in the upper cylindrical part of the valve body there is a heat-insulating element and a sealing membrane pressed to the valve body by means of a cover pivotally connected to the lever interacting with the chipper, and the fastening element of the breaking element is fixed the upper part on the lever, and the lower part to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, and the bursting element consists of a wire, a locking bolt, a fork, a cover lever valve, nut, two drums located respectively in the fork of the lever of the valve cover and in the fork of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, while the ends of the wire are inserted into the holes of the drums and then wound on them.

Figure 1 shows a frontal section of the explosion-proof valve, figure 2 - the mounting unit of the bursting element.

The explosion-proof valve is installed on the body 1 of the protected object and contains a lined cargo lock 2, movably connected to the valve body 3 by at least three flexible connections, for example, in the form of chains 10, one end of which is pivotally connected to the valve body 3, and the other is pivotally connected with a cargo lock 2 valves. The valve body 3 is made in the form of a lower cylindrical, middle conical and upper cylindrical parts, with a lined cargo closure 2 located in the lower cylindrical part, covering the hole with a diameter Dy in the housing 1 of the protected object. In the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 3 there is a heat-insulating element 4 and a sealing membrane 5 pressed to the valve body by means of a cover 6, pivotally connected to a lever 8 interacting with the chipper 7. The fastening element 9 of the bursting element (wire) is mounted with its upper part on the lever 8 and the bottom to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 3. The fastening element of the bursting element consists of a wire 16, a locking bolt 11, a plug 12, a lever 13 of the valve cover, a nut 14 and two drums 15 located respectively in the fork 12 of the lever 13 of the valve cover and in the fork of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 3. The ends of the wire 16 are inserted into the holes of the drums 15 and then wound on them when they are rotated with a conventional wrench. After sufficient wire tension, the drums 15 are fixed with locking bolts 11. It is important to note that the valve operating pressure depends only on the strength of the wire 16 and does not depend on its tension. So that valve actuation is not preceded by large plastic deformations of the wire, its length and, consequently, the clearance h should be minimal. The gap h should be of the order of (1.5 ÷ 3) d, where d is the diameter of the wire. So that the fastening of the ends of the wire is reliable and does not allow them to be pulled out of the holes in the drum, at least three turns must be wound on it. The hinged lid 6 through the lever 8 is held in a closed position with a bursting element 9, the role of which is performed by a calibrated section wire. For complete valve sealing, a membrane 5 made of aluminum foil or of a polymeric material is used. Under the action of pressure in the protected device, the membrane is pressed against the cover and thus through the lever 8 all the pressure is transferred to the lever hinge and the bursting wire 9. The membrane itself is almost completely unloaded and the valve operating pressure (wire break 9) has a significant effect does not render. In this sense, the membrane is not a design element of the explosive valve design.

If technological processes take place in the protected device 1 at high temperatures, then two levels of thermal insulation are provided for thermal protection of the membrane 5 and other valve parts. The first one is a cargo lock 2 lined with refractory material, and the second is mineral wool, asbestos chips or other heat-resistant porous material 4, placed in a basket of metal rods or strips in the form of at least three heat-resistant shells filled with heat-resistant porous material and elastic ties connected to the basket (not shown), the length of which exceeds the height of the entire explosion-proof valve. This will allow you to quickly restore the valve to working condition, since the shells with heat-resistant porous material after actuation will be close to the valve body and they can be easily put back into the basket, blocking the passage section of the basket.

The shutter 2 does not provide a tight shutoff of the discharge opening of the protected apparatus 1, it lies freely on it, and slightly loosened chains 10 serve only to center the shutter 2, i.e. to prevent large displacements relative to the outlet.

A lined cargo lock 2 protects the valve body 3 from burning in the event of a high temperature in the protected device, and filling 4 further reduces the temperature in the area of the membrane 5.

To obtain the highest explosion protection efficiency of industrial equipment, the explosion protection valve has parameters that are in the following optimal ranges of values: a = D / Dy = 1.5 ÷ 2.0; b = H / L = 1.3 ÷ 1.8; s = H / Dy = 2.5 ÷ 3.0,

where Dy is the diameter of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 3, equal to the maximum hole size of the body 1 of the protected object; D is the diameter of the lower cylindrical part of the valve body 3; H is the height of the valve assembly; L is the maximum overall dimension of the valve in the plan (in the top view).

Explosion proof valve operates as follows.

The pressure in the device to be protected acts on the cover 6, since the shutter 2 closes the inlet and is leaky and can rapidly rise with a rapid increase in pressure, and the insulating layer 4 is porous. When the valve is activated, the cover 6 is thrown as far as it will go into the chippers 7, the backfill 4 is ejected by the gas flow from the cavity of the valve, and the shutter 2 rises up as far as the length of the chains holding it allows.

After the end of the gas discharge, the shutter and cover fall down and close the valve outlet. In this case, the valve tightness is not completely restored, however, an intensive intake of air from the atmosphere into the cavity of the protected device, which can cause a secondary explosion in the equipment, is eliminated. After the valve is activated and the causes of the explosion in the equipment are eliminated, the valve must be restored, i.e. it is necessary to lay the insulating layer in the basket.

For chemical and other related industries, the products of which are valuable and extremely harmful to the environment, the condition of complete tightness should be considered as a priority, largely determining the area of their possible application.

Claims (2)

1. An explosion-proof valve for technological equipment, comprising a valve body, a shutter, heat insulating and explosive elements, characterized in that it further comprises a lined cargo gate, movably connected to the valve body by means of at least three elastic flexible connections, for example in the form of elastic belts, one end which are pivotally connected to the valve body, and the other is pivotally connected to the cargo gate, while the valve body is made in the form of a lower cylindrical, middle conical and upper cylindrical parts, with a lined cargo lock located in the lower cylindrical part, covering the hole in the body of the protected object, and in the upper cylindrical part of the valve body there is a heat-insulating element and a sealing membrane pressed to the valve body by means of a cover pivotally connected to the lever interacting with the chipper, and the mounting unit of the discontinuous element is fastened with its upper part to the lever, and the lower to the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, and the discontinuous element consists of wires faucet, locking bolt, fork, valve cover lever, nut, two drums located respectively in the valve cover lever fork and in the fork of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body, while the ends of the wire are inserted into the holes of the drums and then wound on them, and the gap h between forks is about (1.5 ÷ 3) of the wire diameter, and valve parameters are in the following optimal ranges of values:
a = D / Dy = l, 5 ÷ 2.0; b = H / L = 1.3 ÷ l, 8; c = H / Dy = 2.5 ÷ 3.0,
where Dy is the diameter of the upper cylindrical part of the valve body 3, equal to the maximum hole size of the body 1 of the protected object;
D is the diameter of the lower cylindrical part of the valve body 3;
H is the height of the valve assembly;
L is the maximum overall dimension of the valve in plan. 2. An explosion-proof valve for technological equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper cylindrical part of the valve body there is a heat-insulating element made in the form of mineral wool, asbestos chips or other heat-resistant porous material, laid in a basket of metal rods or strips in the form at least three heat-resistant shells filled with heat-resistant porous material and connected to the basket by elastic bonds, the length of which exceeds the height of the entire explosion-proof valve.

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