RU2579067C1 - Valve plate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petrochemical industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for mass exchange devices, can be used in rectification, absorption, distillation. Valve plate is installed in the case and comprises base with rows of holes for passage of gas, each row of holes is covered with flat valves and is equipped with hinge or guide element limiters, partitions, forming with the wall of the unit case overflow pockets. Flat valve is made in the form of a comb with teeth overlapping partially or completely its base holes. Wastes from stamped-out base holes can be used as comb teeth.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increase of efficiency of valve plate by gas and liquid, wider range of effective operation, simplified design of valve plate and lower costs, higher efficiency and reduced carry-over of liquid with gas flow.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to contact devices of mass transfer apparatus, may find application in the processes of distillation, absorption, distillation.

Known valve-grating plate (Czechoslovak patent No. 153371, B01D 3/22, Valve design of mass transfer apparatuses, ZINTIKHIMNEFTEMASH, MOSCOW, 1982) with plate valves, the web of which consists of plates, between which slots are formed for the passage of the gas and liquid phases, partially blocked by transverse valves of profiled metal flat strips or gutters. The length of the valve is significantly greater than the width. To limit vertical movement, each valve is equipped with a stop in the form of a bracket or a lift limiter connected to the valve. To improve the dispersion of the gas stream, openings are provided in the valves.

The main advantages of this valve-trellised plate:

- simplicity of design;

- increased valve length, which reduces their number on the plate.

Disadvantages of the plate:

- gas sparging occurs through openings in the valves and channels along the perimeter of the valves located above the web, and the liquid dips directly from the plate cloth outside the sparging zone through the gaps between the plates, which reduces gas contact with the liquid and affects the efficiency of the plate;

- the increased length of the valves interferes with the organized movement of the liquid along the base (grate), especially when performing plates with overflow pockets;

- the reduced diameter of the bubbling holes (gaps) and channels for the gas outlet from under the valves is significant, which leads to an increase in the diameter of gas bubbles bubbling through the liquid, to a decrease in their number and, as a result, to a decrease in the contact surface between the gas and the liquid, and a decrease in the efficiency of the plate ;

- a limited range between the upper and lower performance of the gas plate, which, when beyond the limits of the operating range, leads to "flooding" of the plate or an uneven liquid dip;

- for plates with a round cross section, the unification of the paintings is difficult, because the number of valves in the rows is not the same and the sheets have different geometric dimensions.

Known valve plate for mass transfer apparatus (copyright certificate No. 1187833 of 05/15/1984, B01D 3/30), including a base with holes and direct-flow valves located above them, equipped with levers, one end of each of which is rigidly attached to the valve, and the other, free , located above the base of the plate between the valves, ballast with limiters for its vertical movement, a receiving pocket and an overflow device.

The disadvantages of the valve plate for mass transfer apparatus are:

- design complexity;

- limitation of liquid productivity due to the small perimeter of the single-flow overflow and receiving partitions of the drain pockets;

- limiting the speed of fluid movement on the plate with open valves;

- the inability to unify the canvas base plates due to their different geometric dimensions;

- increased number of valves, limited range of efficient operation.

Known contact plate (patent No. 1604389 from 07/04/1988, B01D 3/30 (prototype)), consisting of a canvas with a drain and with rectangular holes, over which there are flat valves with a restrictive leg. The plate is equipped with an axis attached to the canvas (base), offset with respect to the axis of symmetry of a number of holes in the direction opposite to the drain, and located between the canvas and the valve.

The advantage of this plate is:

- a flat long valve with a number of holes, simplicity of design, which does not require special die tooling and eliminates the waste of sheet material in the manufacture;

- the location of the valve above the row of holes ensures their simultaneous opening and uniform bubbling of gas through the liquid for the entire row;

- articulated rocker mount eliminates the sticking of the valve, requires minimal energy costs for its rotation.

The disadvantage of this design is:

- significant equivalent (reduced) diameter of the holes in the plate plate;

- limiting the speed of movement of fluid on the plate with open valves;

- limitation of the upper and lower ranges for productivity, determined for the bottom by the beginning of the liquid dip and for the top by the entrainment of the liquid with gas at speeds above the permissible value;

- the complexity of the unification of segment paintings, because the width of the canvas should be less than the diameter of the manhole;

- uneven opening of the valves in rows.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the range of effective operation of the valve disc (i.e., the ratio of maximum to minimum performance), increasing the efficiency of the mass transfer process between gas and liquid flows by increasing the contact surface between the phases (liquid and gas), and ensuring uniform opening of valves in rows.

To achieve the technical result indicated, in a valve plate installed in a housing that includes a base with rows of openings for gas passage, each row of openings is closed by flat valves and equipped with a hinge or guide element, travel stops, partitions, forming overflow pockets with the body wall of the apparatus, flat valves made in the form of a comb, the teeth of which completely or partially cover the holes in the base, and waste from the stamped can be used as the teeth of the comb 's base apertures.

Technical solutions according to the invention allowed:

to reduce the resistance of the liquid when moving along the base of the valve plate due to the implementation of valves in the form of combs;

- to unify the base canvases and valves for it by performing them in one geometric size;

- increase the load on the liquid per unit area of the base due to the increase in the perimeter of the drain;

- reduce the entrainment of liquids with a gas stream, simplify and unify separation and mass transfer devices (nozzles);

- the supply of the valve plate with a travel limiter connected to the base or to the overflow partition allowed each valve to simultaneously and simultaneously open when the gas flow rate changes;

- fixing the separation-mass transfer nozzle under the plate’s plate made it possible to maintain the plate’s efficiency even when it was in failure mode, i.e. at minimum gas loads.

The applicant is not aware of the prior art mass transfer devices in which the above tasks would be achieved in a similar manner.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a valve disc in plan with a symmetrical arrangement of valves in adjacent rows one after another on lines perpendicular to the rows, and supplying fluid from two opposite sides of the receiving partitions and draining it from two selected partitions perpendicularly located (relative to the fluid supply).

In FIG. 2 shows a projection of a valve disc in a vertical section along AA.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a valve disc in a plan with staggered arrangement of valves in rows and liquid supply from two opposite sides of the receiving partitions and its removal from two perpendicularly selected selective partitions.

In FIG. 4 shows the ballast with its location in the groove of the partition mounted on the base - view B in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 5 shows a multi-drain valve plate with identical base canvases.

In FIG. 6 shows a single-threaded valve disc.

The valve plate is installed in the housing 1 (Fig. 1, 3, 5, 6), in which along the inner surface 2 of the housing 1 along the perimeter there are overflow 3 and receiving 4 partitions, forming overflow 5 and receiving 6 pockets with their inner surface 2 with their separation apart from each other. The base 7 of the valve disc is attached to the partitions 3 and 4 in the form of an equilateral polygon, for example a square (Fig. 1,3) or a hexagon (Fig. 5). The base 7 is divided into canvases 8 of the same size (Fig. 1, 3, 5), the dimensions of which provide the ability to mount and dismantle them through the manhole. Valves 9 cover the holes 10 (Fig. 2) at the gas inlet on the canvases 8. Valves 9 in rows are made or combined in the form of combs 11 (Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6) and are mounted for rotation on the guiding elements 12 placed in tubes 13 located at the ends of the combs 11, and the tubes 13 are fixed on the base 7 (Fig. 2). Valve 9 on the base 7 can be staggered (Fig. 3).

To increase the performance of the valve plate, it is equipped with movement stops 14 located above the valves 9 in the grooves 15 (Fig. 4), and the movement limiter 14 is fixed with the possibility of vertical movement to the base 7 or to the partitions 3 or 4.

To expand the performance range towards its lower limit while maintaining efficiency, a nozzle 16 (Fig. 2) is placed under its base 7 in the housing 1, made of parts mounted (dismantled) through the hatchway of the housing 1.

The device operates as follows.

The fluid is fed into the receiving pockets 6, and then, evenly distributed, enters the base 7, placed in the housing 1 (Fig. 1). A gas stream is supplied under the base 7 of the valve plate (Fig. 2).

At low gas loads, gas sparges through the liquid, passing through openings 10 located outside the valves (Fig. 1, 3).

As the gas load increases, the valves 9 in the combs 11 begin to operate in self-regulation mode within the free gap determined by the initial height of the position of the travel stop 14 (Fig. 2).

At medium and high gas loads, the combs 11 work in self-regulation mode together with the movement limiter 14, lifting it.

Saturated liquid after contact with the gas is discharged through partitions 3 into overflow pockets 5 (Fig. 1, 3, 5, 6).

Thus, the tasks are solved to increase the valve plate productivity in gas and liquid, expand the range of efficient operation, simplify the valve plate design and reduce its cost, increase efficiency and reduce the entrainment of liquid with the gas stream.

Claims (2)

1. A valve plate installed in the housing, including a base with rows of openings for gas passage, each row of openings is closed by flat valves and equipped with a hinge or guide element, movement limiters, partitions, forming overflow pockets with the apparatus body wall, characterized in that the flat valves made in the form of a comb, the teeth of which overlap completely or partially holes in the base. 2. The valve plate according to claim 1, characterized in that waste from the stamped openings of the base can be used as the teeth of the comb.

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