RU2578951C1 - Vehicle flywheel accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to electric vehicles, characterised by rechargeable mechanical storage batteries, for example flywheels. Flywheel accumulator consists of three flywheel energy accumulators of identical design. Flywheel accumulator consists of casing, bearings, shaft, flywheel and electric machine. Flywheel and electric machine rotor are fixed on the shaft. Rotor of each flywheel energy storage unit is made with the same total moment of inertia relative to its rotational axis. Electrical machine stator and bearings are secured in the case. Rotor rotation axes of each flywheel accumulator cross at one point and are shifted in space at 120°, and storage units are arranged at equal distance from the point of their axes intercrossing. According to the second version, flywheel accumulator consists of four flywheel energy storage units. Rotor rotation axes of each flywheel accumulator cross at one point and are shifted in space at an angle (arcsin(1/3)+90°)=109.47° relative to each other, and accumulators are arranged at equal distance from the point of their axes intercrossing.

EFFECT: technical result consists in complete compensation of gyroscopic moment harmful to vehicle using flywheel energy accumulator.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to the field of arrangement and installation of several primary engines of a vehicle, characterized by several flywheels with a gyroscopic effect using electric motor generators.

State of the art

A device is known for storing energy in a flywheel and for using it in a vehicle developed by Oerlikon (UK patent GB 1139936, CL F16F 15/315, H02K 19/20, H02K 7/02, H02K 7/16 [1] ), containing the flywheel in the casing, electric machines are fixed on the flywheel shaft on each side of the flywheel, the flywheel casing rests on a spherical support, and spiral springs counteract the casing precessions.

It is known that when changing the direction of the axis of rotation of the flywheel, the gyroscopic (precession) moment acts on the flywheel [2]

Where:

ω is the angular velocity of rotation of the flywheel relative to the axis of its shaft;

Ω is the angular velocity of rotation of the axis of the flywheel;

J is the moment of inertia of the flywheel;

θ is the angle between the axis of the flywheel and the angular velocity vector of rotation of the axis of the flywheel Ω.

The gyroscopic moment M _g acts on the flywheel in such a way as to rotate the direction of the angular velocity vector ω to the direction of the angular velocity vector Ω over the shortest distance until these vectors coincide.

Let us determine the gyroscopic (precessional) moment acting on the flywheel, the axis of rotation of which is directed along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, rotating with an angular velocity ω equal to 6280 1 / second and having an inertia moment J of 8 kg · m ² when turning the vehicle in a horizontal plane around a circle with a radius R of 6 meters with a linear velocity V of 10 m / s. In this case

θ = 90 °, Ω = v / R = 10/6 = 1.66 1 / s

and gyroscopic moment

M _g = 6280 · 1.66 · 8 · 1 = 83,400 Nm.

This gyroscopic moment will act in a vertical plane and, depending on the direction of rotation of the vehicle and the direction of rotation of the flywheel, will raise either the front or rear of the vehicle, which can lead to a coup or loss of control.

With the vertical axis of the flywheel, the gyroscopic moment does not prevent the vehicle from turning in the horizontal plane. At the same time, the deviation of the vehicle trajectory from horizontal leads to the appearance of a gyroscopic moment. So, for example, when the front of the vehicle gets into the recess on the road, the angular velocity of rotation around the transverse horizontal axis will appear and a gyroscopic moment will appear, which tends to turn the vehicle around the longitudinal axis on its side.

The disadvantages of the known device include the following.

In the known device according to British patent GB 1139936, the flywheel housing is supported by a spherical support, which allows the flywheel to rotate in the direction of the gyroscopic moment, and spiral springs counteract the rotation of the housing. At the same time, the angle of rotation of the flywheel housing is limited and the flywheel, after full compression of the springs, stops turning in the direction of the gyroscopic moment and the gyroscopic moment begins to turn the vehicle over. Compensation of the gyroscopic moment acting on the vehicle is possible due to the use of specially arranged two flywheels, as was done in the device according to Fig. 4 patents US 4282948 [3].

In the device according to Fig. 4 of US Pat. No. 4,282,948, the goal is achieved in that the flywheel battery includes two flywheels, each of which is equipped with a drive, the flywheels are placed on the same axis relative to their axis of rotation and symmetrically about the axis perpendicular to their axis of rotation, the flywheels are made with the same total moment of inertia relative to their total the axis of rotation, and the rotation of the flywheels is carried out with the same frequency and with the same direction of rotation when considering the rotation of the flywheels from the center point of the device. From the point of view of optimizing the placement of the flywheel of the flywheel accumulator on the vehicle, it may be advisable to use not two flywheels, but three or four in the flywheel accumulator.

It is known to use three flywheels with mutually perpendicular axes of rotation mounted on a common platform. This device serves to stabilize the position of the platform in space [4, p. 77]. We assume that in the device according to [4, p. 77], the axis of rotation of the flywheels are directed along the rectangular axes of coordinates x, y and z. Then the gyroscopic moments of each of the flywheels will be equal

и

- θ_x и суммарный гироскопический момент, воздействующий на транспортное средство с тремя маховиками, будетwhere θ _x , θ _y and θ _z are the angles between the x, y and z axes of the vector Ω. For definiteness, we assume that the angle θ _{x is} plotted in the x, z, о plane, where о is the origin of the coordinate axes x, y, z. Then

and

- θ _x and the total gyroscopic moment acting on the vehicle with three flywheels will be

In the general case, for all θ _x expression (5) is not equal to zero and when using the device with three flywheels according to [4, p. 77] as the flywheel battery of the vehicle, the compensation of the total gyroscopic moment acting on the vehicle is not provided. This property of the device with three flywheels according to [4, p. 77] is its significant drawback when used as a flywheel battery of a vehicle.

Disclosure of invention

The aim of the present invention is the creation of a flywheel energy accumulator with a high level of use of stored energy and with full compensation of the gyroscopic moment, harmful effect on the vehicle. Flywheel energy storage devices use flywheel energy storage devices. Flywheel energy stores in the claimed devices are made of identical design. Each of the flywheel energy storage devices includes a casing, bearings and a rotor of the flywheel energy storage device. The rotor of the flywheel energy storage device includes a shaft, the flywheel and the rotor of the electric machine are fixed to the shaft, the rotor of each flywheel energy storage device is made with the same total moment of inertia about its axis of rotation, the stator of the electric machine and bearings are fixed in the casing.

Two flywheel energy options are available.

Firstly, a flywheel battery designed for use on a vehicle, including three flywheel energy stores of the same design, three flywheel energy stores are located on the vehicle in close proximity to each other, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the rotor of each flywheel energy store intersects one central point and shifted in space by 120 ° and three flywheel energy storage devices are placed in the same way at the same distance from the intersection point their axes.

Secondly, a variant of a flywheel energy accumulator intended for use on a vehicle, including four flywheel energy stores of the same design, four flywheel energy stores are located on the vehicle in close proximity to each other, characterized in that the rotational axis of the rotor of each flywheel energy store intersect at one central point, the axes of the adjacent flywheel energy storage devices are shifted in space by an angle (arcsin (1/3) + 90 °) = 109.47 ° relative to each other and four flywheel energy storage devices are placed in the same way at the same distance from the point of intersection of their axes.

In the proposed versions of the flywheel energy accumulator, a known method is used to control the frequency of rotation of the electric machines of the flywheel accumulator, in which the rotation of the flywheels is carried out with the same frequency and with the same direction of rotation when considering the rotation of the flywheels from the point of intersection of the axis of rotation of the flywheels.

The inventive variants of the device are characterized in that during their operation provides full compensation for the gyroscopic moment, harmful effect on the vehicle. We show that in the proposed versions of the device provides compensation for the gyroscopic moment. Consider an embodiment of a device with three flywheels. The axis of rotation of the flywheels AO, BO and CO in the proposed device will lie in the same plane and will be directed at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other. Since the rotation of the flywheels is carried out with the same direction of rotation when considering the rotation of the flywheels from the point of intersection of the rotation axes of the flywheels O, the angular velocity vectors of the flywheels ω _A , ω _B , ω _C will also be directed at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other along the axes AO, BO and CO, respectively . Then in a vector form the gyroscopic moments of the device flywheels

where x is the sign of the vector product and Ω, ω _A , ω _B and ω _C are vectors, and J is the scalar. The total gyroscopic moment of the proposed device with three flywheels will be equal to

Since the vectors ω _A , ω _B , ω _{C are} directed at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other and are equal in absolute value (the rotation speeds of the flywheels are the same), the expression (ω _A + ω _B + ω _C ) = 0 and the gyroscopic moment of the device M _Σ = 0. Indeed, for the projection of the sum of the vectors ω _A , ω _B , ω _C onto the axis A, we obtain

A similar result is obtained for the projections of the sum of the vectors ω _A , ω _B , ω _C on the axis BO and CO. Therefore, the gyroscopic moment of the device with three flywheels is M _Σ = 0. Consider an embodiment of a device with four flywheels. The rotation axis of the flywheels DO ^/ , EO ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ in the proposed device will be shifted in space by an angle (arcsin (1/3) + 90 °) = 109.47 °. Since the rotation of the flywheels is carried out with the same direction of rotation when considering the rotation of the flywheels from the point of intersection of the rotation axes of the flywheels O ^/ , the angular velocity vectors of the flywheels ω _D , ω _E , ω _F , ω _G will also be directed at an angle of 109.47 ° relative to each other along the axes DO ^/ , EO ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ respectively. Then in a vector form the gyroscopic moments of the device flywheels

The total gyroscopic moment of the proposed device with four flywheels will be equal to

Since the vectors ω _D , ω _E , ω _F , ω _{G are} directed at an angle of 109.47 ° relative to each other and are equal in absolute value (the rotation frequencies of the flywheels are the same), the expression (ω _D + ω _E + ω _F + ω _G ) = 0 and the gyroscopic moment of the device M _Σ = 0. Indeed, for the sum of the projections of the vectors ω _D , ω _E , ω _F , ω _G onto the DO ^/ axis, we obtain

A similar result is obtained for the projections of the sum of vectors ω _D , ω _E , ω _F , ω _G on the axis EO ^/ , FO ^/ , GO ^/ . Therefore, the gyroscopic moment of the device with four flywheels is M _Σ = 0.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The technical feasibility of the proposed devices is illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. four.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a flywheel energy storage device. Flywheel energy stores in the inventive devices according to claim 1 and 2. The claims are made of identical design. Each of the flywheel energy storage devices includes a casing 1, bearings 2 and a shaft of a flywheel energy storage device 3. A flywheel 4 and a rotor of an electric machine 5 are fixed to the shaft of a flywheel energy storage device 3, all of the flywheel energy storage devices are made with the same total moment of inertia relative to the axis of rotation 6, in the casing the stator of the electric machine 7 and the bearings 2 are fixed.

In FIG. 2 shows a layout of a flywheel energy storage device on a vehicle of a flywheel battery embodiment according to claim 1. In the inventive device according to claim 1, three identical flywheel energy storage devices 8 are placed on the vehicle in the immediate vicinity of each other. In this case, the rotation axes A, B and C of the flywheel energy storage devices of each flywheel energy storage device are in the same plane, intersect at one point O and are shifted in space by 120 °.

In FIG. 3 shows the projection "Main view" and "Top view" on the four axis of rotation of the rotors of the flywheel energy storage device of the embodiment of the flywheel battery according to claim 2. These axes DO ^/ , EO ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ intersect at one point O ^/ . The axes of the adjacent flywheel energy stores DO ^/ and EO ^/ , EO ^/ and FO ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ , DO ^/ and GO ^{/ are} shifted in space by an angle (arcsin (1/3) + 90 °) = 109.47 ° relative to each other.

In FIG. 4 shows a right triangle, including the side of the tetrahedron DG, the axes DO ^/ and GG ^/ , coinciding with the medians of the tetrahedron DEFG, and the intersection point of the medians of the tetrahedron O ^/ .

An example embodiment of the invention

Each of the flywheel energy storage devices in accordance with FIG. 1 includes a casing 1, bearings 2 and a shaft of a flywheel energy storage device 3. A flywheel 4 and a rotor of an electric machine 5 are fixed to a shaft of a flywheel energy storage device 3, all of the flywheel energy storage devices are made with the same total moment of inertia relative to the axis of rotation 6, and a stator of an electric machine is fixed in the casing 7 and bearings 2. Flywheel 4 in FIG. 1 is made of titanium or composite carbon fiber [5]. The electric machines comprising the rotor 5 and the stator 7 in FIG. 1 is performed synchronous magnetoelectric [6].

At the same time, permanent magnets are placed on the rotor 5, the stator 7 is made of burnt electrical steel with grooves, a multiphase, for example, three-phase, winding is laid in the grooves of the stators. When implementing the device according to claim 1, three flywheel energy storage devices of identical design are used, located on the vehicle in close proximity to each other so that the rotational axis of the rotor of each flywheel energy storage device AO, BO and CO intersect in accordance with FIG. 2 at one point O, are shifted in space by 120 °, and three flywheel energy storage devices are placed in the same way, for example, so that the electric machines in the rotor 5 and stator 7 are at the same and minimum distance from the intersection point of the rotational axes of their rotors . Since the angular velocity vectors of the flywheels ω _A , ω _B , ω _{C are} directed at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other and are equal in absolute value (the rotation frequencies of the flywheels are the same), the expression (ω _A + ω _B + ω _C ) = 0 and the gyroscopic moment device in accordance with (10) will be equal to zero.

When performing the device according to claim 2, four flywheel energy stores of identical design are used, located on the vehicle in close proximity to each other in such a way that the axis of rotation of the rotor of each flywheel energy store DO ^/ , ЕО ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ intersect in accordance with FIG. 3 at one point O ^/ , are shifted in space by 109.47 ° and three flywheel energy storage devices are placed in the same way, for example, so that the electric machines in the rotor 5 and stator 7 are at the same and minimum distance from the point of intersection of their rotation axes rotors. A shift between the axes DO ^/ , ЕО ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ by 109.47 ° provides the same shift of these axes in space relative to each other. Indeed, at the indicated shift of 109.47 ° between the four axes intersecting at one point, these axes coincide with the medians of the equilateral tetrahedron with the angles at the DEFG points [7]. In an equilateral tetrahedron, all medians intersect at one point O ^/ , dividing each of them in a 3: 1 ratio (counting from the top) [7]. In this case, the angle between adjacent medians, for example, the angle DO ^/ G between the medians DD ^/ and GG ^/ , will be 109.47 °. Indeed (Fig. 4), the segment GO ^/ = DO ^/ and these segments refer to the segment O ^/ G ^/ as 3: 1. Then the angle O ^/ DG ^/ = arcsin (1/3) = 19.47 ° and the angle DO ^/ G will be 90 ° + 19.47 ° = 109.47 °. The same angles will be between other medians.

Since the rotation of the flywheels is carried out with the same direction of rotation when considering the rotation of the flywheels from the point of intersection of the rotation axes of the flywheels O ^/ , the angular velocity vectors of the flywheels ω _D , ω _E , ω _F , ω _G will also be directed at an angle of 109.47 ° relative to each other along the axes DO ^/ , EO ^/ , FO ^/ and GO ^/ respectively. Then, in the vector form, the gyroscopic moments of the device flywheels will be determined in accordance with the expressions (11-14) on page 5 of the description of the invention. The total gyroscopic moment of the proposed device with four flywheels will be determined in accordance with (15) of the description of the invention. Since the vectors ω _D , ω _E , ω _F , ω _{G are} directed at an angle of 109.47 ° relative to each other and are equal in absolute value (the rotation frequencies of the flywheels are the same), the expression (ω _D + ω _E + ω _F + ω _G ) = 0 and in accordance with (16) of the description of the invention, the gyroscopic moment of devices M _Σ = 0. To use the proposed devices according to p. 1 and 2 of the claims as a flywheel battery of a vehicle, the stator windings of electric machines are pre-connected through semiconductor frequency converters to an electric energy source and rotated with the same frequency and with the same direction of rotation when considering the rotation of the flywheels from intersection points of the flywheel rotation axes. At the same time, they provide compensation for the gyroscopic moment that adversely affects the vehicle. When the flywheel reaches the maximum speed, the electric power source and semiconductor frequency converters are disconnected from the electrical machines. When the vehicle is moving, electric cars are put into generator mode, the kinetic energy accumulated in the flywheels is converted into electrical energy and transferred to the vehicle’s wheeled electric engines. The selection of energy from the flywheels is performed in such a way that they maintain the same rotational speed of all the flywheels of the device according to claim 1 and all the flywheels of the device according to claim 2. This provides the condition that the total gyroscopic moment acting on the device and the selection of the same power from all the flywheels of the device according to claim 1 and all flywheels of the device according to claim 2 be equal to zero.

Literature

1. British patent GB 1139936, CL F16F 15/315, H02K 19/20, H02K 7/02, H02K 7/16.

2. V.A. Aleshkevich, L.G. Dedenko, V.A. Karavaev. Solid mechanics. Lectures, Publishing House of the Physics Department of Moscow State University, 1997

3. US patent US 4282948, CL B60K 6/10.

4. D.S. Pelpor. Gyroscopic orientation and stabilization systems. Moscow, Engineering, 1982

5. I.A. Glebov, E.G. Kasharsky, F.G. Rutberg Short-term and shock synchronous generators, Leningrad, Nauka, 1985

6. A.I. Bertinov, D.A. Booth, S.R. Mizyurin et al. Special electric machines. Moscow, Energoizdat, 1982

7. Glaser G.I. The history of mathematics at school. IX-X classes. Enlightenment, 1983.- 351 s .-- S. 312.

Claims (2)

1. Flywheel battery designed for use on a vehicle, including three flywheel energy storage devices of identical design, located on the vehicle in close proximity to each other, each of the flywheel energy storage devices includes a casing, bearings and a shaft, a flywheel and an electric rotor are mounted on the shaft machines, the rotor of each flywheel energy storage device is made with the same total moment of inertia relative to its axis of rotation, the stator of the electric machine is fixed in the casing and bearings, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the rotor of each flywheel energy storage device intersect at one point and are shifted in space by 120 ° and three flywheel energy storage devices are placed in the same way at the same distance from the intersection point of their axes. 2. A flywheel battery designed for use on a vehicle, including four flywheel energy stores of the same design, placed on the vehicle in close proximity to each other, each of the flywheel energy stores includes a casing, bearings and a shaft, a flywheel and an electric rotor are fixed to the shaft machines, the rotor of each flywheel energy storage device is made with the same total moment of inertia relative to its axis of rotation, an electric stator is fixed in the casing machine and bearings, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the rotor of each flywheel energy storage device intersect at one point and are shifted in space by an angle (arcsin (1/3) + 90 °) = 109.47 ° relative to each other and four flywheel energy storage devices placed in the same way at the same distance from the point of intersection of their axes.

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