RU2573969C1 - Method of harvesting pressed crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of harvesting pressed crop comprises their mowing, turning, raking in rolls and pressing with balers in bales or rolls with their subsequent unloading on the field. Raking the crop is carried out on the previously separated plots of the field: the main and two auxiliary. The main plot occupies a main middle part of the field, and the auxiliary plots are located at opposite ends of the field. In the plots, shuttling raking is performed. The rolls are arranged on the main and the auxiliary plots perpendicular to each other. Pressing is performed on a certain route on the rolls of the main and the auxiliary plots in bales or rolls with their subsequent unloading on the main plot of the field in the tape-forming points. The tape is located perpendicular to the rolls with a pitch equal to the run distance of the baler in the formation of one bale or roll. The outermost tapes are located at a distance less than half the said run distance.

EFFECT: invention provides an orderly unloading of bales or rolls in a predetermined location.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a method for harvesting pressed crops and controlling a baler when selecting a row of mowed crop.

A known method of harvesting pressed crops, including mowing, tedding, raking in the rolls, pressing. The formation of the rolls is done with a rake during movement, as a rule, by shuttle method along one of the sides of the field. Crops are pressed using balers, which form rectangular bales or cylindrical rolls and unload them on the field as they form (see Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: KolosS, 2006 ., p. 247, 266).

Among the disadvantages it should be noted: the formation of bales (rolls) occurs without tracking the roll parameters and the current state of the formed roll.

To eliminate this drawback, a baler control method and a baler are directed, including a picking device for picking up a row of mowed crop, a baler for forming a bale, a device for forming a three-dimensional image of a field and a row, and a control device. The pressing device comprises means for measuring the degree of filling of the pressing chamber. A volumetric image forming apparatus registers a volumetric image of a field and a row of beveled crop in front of a baler. The control device contains a data processor for controlling the baler depending on the data from the volumetric image and the degree of filling, which ensures a uniform degree of filling of the bale chamber and eliminates the need for the operator to control the pressing process (RF Patent 2365087, A01F 15/08, Method for controlling the baler and baler).

The disadvantages of this baler include the fact that all systems control the filling process of the closed bale chamber and do not provide information on where the bale will be finally formed, which is undoubtedly important to ensure an orderly arrangement of bales on the field. This desire significantly reduces labor and economic costs for the process of collecting bales or rolls randomly distributed across the field. Also presented is a rather complicated design of the baler control system.

To increase the productivity of assembly and loading operations in the methods of haymaking, various technical solutions are used to form accumulators in which two, three or more bales or bales are stored.

A transport device is known for orderly stacking of large rectangular bales of plant materials. The device comprises a supporting frame with self-mounted pneumatic wheels fixed to it, a receiving tray and mounting brackets to the baler. Also, guides and an unloading tray are pivotally mounted on the frame, while the contact sensor is located at the rear of the frame. The transporting device is equipped with three locking devices with electric traction relays, one of which fixes the guides, and the other two are located in the place where the discharge tray is fixed. The electric traction relays of the locking devices are connected by an electric circuit to a contact sensor, a warning light and a forced discharge button on the tractor dashboard. The length of the unloading tray is three quarters of the length of the bale. The device allows you to orderly stack bales in even rows on the field, as well as double bales in unconnected packages (see RF patent 2354103, A01D 90/00, A01D 90/10 Transporting device for the orderly stacking of large rectangular bales of plant materials).

This device requires additional energy for moving, increases the total mass and reduces the maneuverability of the unit “tractor - baler - transporting device". The following disadvantage: the inability to discharge bales in a certain place, thereby ensuring an ordered arrangement of bales (rolls) on the field surface.

The technical task is to increase the productivity of the process of harvesting pressed into bales or rolls of agricultural crops by orderly unloading bales or rolls in a calculated place based on the movement of the baler along a certain route with tracking the current mass of the formed bale or roll and the distance traveled with it.

This is achieved by the fact that the raking of the mowed crop is carried out in pre-divided sections of the field: the main and two auxiliary, located at opposite edges of the field, while the rolls on the auxiliary sections are placed perpendicular to the rolls on the main section. The unloading points of the rolls in the main section are determined, which are oriented into tapes, perpendicular to the rolls with a step equal to the path length of the baler during the formation of one bale or roll. The end lines with the unloading points, located first to the auxiliary sections, are located at a distance less than half the mileage of the baler during the formation of a bale or roll.

To ensure the unloading of the bale or bale in a given place, the baler is controlled based on the current mass of the formed bale or bale and the distance traveled. To do this, the baler is equipped with sensors for the mass of the formed bale or roll and the distance traveled, on the basis of which the remaining path to unloading is calculated and the route of the unit to unloading the bale or roll on the field on the planned tape is calculated, and in the case of the end of the roll on the main section of the field, the route laid on the transverse rolls of the auxiliary section.

In FIG. 1 shows the layout of the rolls and the route of movement of the baler.

In FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a baler.

Mowing, tedding is performed on the field and then the field is divided into the main section 1 and auxiliary sections 2, in areas with shuttle movement, the mowed crop is raked into rolls 3, and the rolls are mainly placed perpendicular to the rolls in auxiliary sections. The baler, moving along the roll of the auxiliary section along route 4, determines the current mass of the bale or bale and the distance traveled, calculates the remaining path to unloading the bales or bales 5. If the remaining distance is less than the path length when forming the bale or bale L _p , press the picker turns on the roll in the main section, making a selection in the main section, unloads the bale or roll at a distance L ₁ from the border with the auxiliary section. Further, the baler continues to move and presses and unloads bales or rolls on the rolls of the main section. Having unloaded the bale or roll on a strip close to the opposite auxiliary section, the baler passes the distance L ₂ and turns on the rollers of the auxiliary section. On the roll of the auxiliary section, he makes selection and pressing with mileage equal to the difference between mileage when forming one bale or roll and doubled mileage after unloading the last roll on the main section roll, i.e. it passes the distance L _pp -2L ₂ and makes a turn on the rolls of the main section, it remains for him to pick up a part of the roll of length L ₂ to unload the bale or roll on a given tape. After that, the process is repeated. Thus, there is an orderly unloading of bales or rolls lined up on adjacent rolls into a tape perpendicular to the roll in the main section. Such an ordered orientation of bales or rolls on the field significantly reduces the additional costs of collecting them.

To perform the described process, a baler is proposed having a picking device 6, a pressing mechanism 7, a drive mechanism 8, transport wheels 9, is additionally equipped with a sensor 11 in the pressing chamber 10 that monitors the filling of the pressing chamber. This information simultaneously with the information from the sensor of the traveled path 12 enters the processing unit 13, which calculates and shows the residual distance to the completion of the formation of the bale or roll. At the same time, the values L ₁ and L _{2 are} entered into his memory using the controls 14 in order to more accurately determine the required mileage on the rolls of the auxiliary sections.

The unit operates as follows. The _{machine operator} makes a trial selection and pressing on one of the rolls of the auxiliary section in order to determine the mileage L _p necessary for the formation of one bale or roll. Enters it into the memory of the processing unit 13 using the controls 14. Then begins the selection of the roll along route 3 in the auxiliary section 2. When the baler moves along the roll, the processing unit 13 determines the current mass of the bale (roll) and the distance traveled by information from the sensors 11 and 12, calculates the remaining distance to the discharging rolls 4. As evidence of residual paths become smaller path length required for forming the bale (coil) L _prosp operator controlling the baler, the roller rotates it to the main portion by performing the selection of n in the main section, unloads a bale (roll) at a distance L ₁ from the border with the auxiliary section. The value is recorded in the memory of the processing unit 13. Further, the baler continues to move and compresses and unloads bales (rolls) on the rolls of the main section. Having unloaded the bale or roll on a tape close to the opposite auxiliary section, the baler passes the distance L ₂ , which is stored in the memory of the processing unit 13 and turns onto the rollers of the auxiliary section, while the distance L _passes -2 _pp -2L ₂ and rotates again by rolls of the main section, it remains for him to pick up a part of the roll of length L ₂ to unload the bale (roll) within the planned tape. After that, the process is repeated taking into account the distances L ₁ and L ₂ . Thus, the operator has the ability to constantly monitor the procurement process, and the proposed field preparation and baler control unload bales (rolls) in places that are oriented in a tape perpendicular to the rolls in the main section. The so-called "tape" orientation of bales (rolls) can significantly save labor resources, reduce the environmental burden from additional runs of energy when collecting bales (rolls) randomly located on the field in traditional methods of harvesting and controlling the baler.

Claims (2)

1. The method of harvesting pressed crops, including mowing, tedding, raking into rolls, pressing by balers, unloading bales or rolls on the field, characterized in that at first the field is divided into the main section, occupying the main middle part of the field, and auxiliary sections located at two opposite edges of the field, raking is carried out in areas during shuttle movement, the rolls being placed on the main and auxiliary sections perpendicular to each other, then a press is produced along a certain route on the rolls of the main and auxiliary sections and unload bales or rolls on the main section at the points forming the tape, which is placed perpendicular to the rolls in increments equal to the mileage of the baler when forming one bale or roll, and the outermost tapes are spaced less than half of the specified mileage. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that during the pressing process, the mass of the formed bale or roll is determined by means of a sensor in the baler chamber and the path traveled with it, the path length is calculated until the end of pressing, based on which the travel route is determined to ensure unloading a bale or a roll within the planned belt, and in the case of a roll completion in the main section of the field, the route is chosen on the transverse rolls of the auxiliary section with a range equal to the difference between the runs one bale or roll and double run after unloading the last roll on the roll of the main section.

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