RU2572257C2 - Modular system for working and storing of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: claimed system consists of two and more chambers separated by posts provided with cross slits for sequential venting that make the spare material feed outlets. Said chambers have side solid coal posts arranged on both sides spacing there between being smaller than the roof caving spacing. The chambers extend along its rift to provide the crosswise impermeability of rift fractures. Posts between the chambers at optimum spacing are produced by smooth drives of heading machine. Note here that unloading of rock from said heading machine is performed by self-propelled cars onto the group conveyor.

EFFECT: impermeable coal posts.

2 dwg

Description

Gas storages are an obligatory link with the transportation of gas through pipes over long distances from its fields to consumers.

Underground gas storages, starting in 1950, are becoming increasingly popular in northern countries, such as Germany, France, the USA, England, Sweden, and Norway, as they have acquired an important role in energy supply and provide a reliable and safe gas supply to consumers during periods of seasonal uneven gas consumption, probable accidents in gas pipeline systems and other crisis phenomena. Twenty-five underground gas storages located on the territory of the Russian Federation comprise a total active capacity of 80 billion m ³ . Among industrial facilities, gas storages are the most environmentally friendly and safe, because gas in them is stored at significant depths from 500 to 1500 m in an oxygen-free environment [1]. In northern countries, more than 50% of the oil and gas storage facilities are underground. In underground storages, in addition to gas, including liquefied, they store crude oil, fuel oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline. There are such storages in the USA, France, Great Britain, Germany.

Mine-type storages are constructed in rocks practically impervious to oil, in addition, during the construction process requirements are made for their stability, humidity and chemical characteristics of the rock mass [1]. Unfortunately, in the South of Russia, which is located at a considerable distance from the main gas and other hydrocarbon deposits, there are no underground storage facilities, the absence of which causes a certain risk of remaining there without hydrocarbon reserves in critical situations for objective - subjective reasons. Given the strategic importance of underground storage of hydrocarbons, which should be dispersed throughout the country and close to the places of concentrated industry, compact population living in the same place, the absence of such reserves is unacceptable. Even during his second election, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin said that the use of natural combustible gas only as an energy source does not meet safety conditions, he needs an alternative, underground gas storage facilities can serve as an alternative. In the Rostov Region, the Sulino-Sadkinskoye and Kadamovskoye anthracite deposits are most suitable for the construction of large underground hydrocarbon tanks consisting of separate blocks. Construction of 3 mines was planned at these fields, but due to the high cost of construction and dubious competitiveness, private owners of these mines refrain from implementing projects.

The industrial and densely populated South of Russia spends a large amount of natural gas, for example, 7.5 billion cubic meters ^of gas are sold annually in the Rostov Region alone. One of the main consumers is Novocherkasskaya GRES, burning 150 thousand m ^{3 of} gas per hour. In addition, the South Stream gas pipeline, the construction of which is already underway, will pass through the Rostov region near these fields. The construction of underground storage facilities for gas and other hydrocarbons in the Rostov Region is a vital necessity that needs to be built in the region’s most profitable anthracite deposits. The Sulino-Sadkinsky anthracite deposit consists of 20 hollow beds, where it will be possible to create a cascade of blocks of underground hydrocarbon storage in the board suite, Fig. one.

, который мощностью 1,8-2,2 м, преимущественно пологого падения с углами залегания 6-10°, представляет собой синклиналь с глубиной погружения до 360 м. Зольность пласта достигает до 40%, сера 2,2-3,7%, балансовые запасы угля составляют 85 млн. т., породы кровли устойчивые.Sadkinskaya-Vostochnaya mine is at the design stage for 8 years. Working layer $$m_8^{\mathrm{one}}$$

, which is 1.8–2.2 m thick, mostly of a gentle fall with 6–10 ° lying angles, is a synclinal with an immersion depth of up to 360 m. The ash content of the formation reaches 40%, sulfur 2.2–3.7%, coal reserves are 85 million tons, roofing rocks are stable.

мощностью 1,5-2,2 м., преимущественно пологого падения с углами залегания 6-12° представляет собой синклиналь с глубиной погружения до 650 м., зольность пласта достигает до 40%, сера 2,2-3,7%. Балансовые запасы угля составляют 192443000 т.Sadkinskaya-Severnaya mine, the construction of which is postponed for an indefinite future, the main layer $$m_8^{\mathrm{one}}$$

with a thickness of 1.5–2.2 m, a predominantly gentle fall with an angle of 6–12 °, is a synclinal with a depth of immersion of up to 650 m, the ash content of the formation reaches 40%, and sulfur is 2.2–3.7%. The balance reserves of coal are 192,443,000 tons.

, мощность пласта преобладает 1,59-1,70 м., преимущественно пологого падения. Глубина залегания пласта от дневной поверхности составляет от 30 до 400 м. Углы падения пород на выходах угольных пластов 10-15°, выполаживаясь у оси синклинали до 3-5°. Зольность пласта достигает до 40%, содержание серы, в среднем 2,1%, балансовые запасы - 9482000 т. Большая часть месторождений нуждается в доразведке и в балансовые запасы не включены.Kadamovskaya mine, the main coal seam is anthracite $$k_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{one}}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="k"\; filenames="00000005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}_2^{\mathrm{one}\mathrm{at}}$$

, the thickness of the reservoir prevails 1,59-1,70 m., mostly gently sloping. The depth of the bed from the surface is from 30 to 400 m. The angles of incidence of rocks at the exits of the coal seams are 10-15 °, flattening along the axis of the syncline to 3-5 °. The ash content of the formation reaches 40%, the sulfur content, on average, 2.1%, the balance reserves - 9482000 tons. Most of the fields need additional exploration and are not included in the balance reserves.

Anthracite coal of these deposits, especially high-grade coal, after enrichment is mainly sold in the domestic market, but not in the most profitable one on the external one, since it has a high sulfur content. In many countries of the world, it is forbidden by law to import and burn coal with a sulfur content of more than 1%, the ash content of coal after enrichment should not exceed 10-12% for thermal power plants. Since anthracite coal from the Sulino-Sadkinsky and Kadamovsky deposits is not of great value in this period of time and for the foreseeable future, it is proposed to build the maximum number of stable and durable tanks for storing hydrocarbon resources on the basis of these deposits. The design and construction of hydrocarbon storage facilities at the Sulino-Sadkinsky and Kadamovsky coal deposits should take into account the implementation of the Long-Term Development Program of the Russian coal industry for the period until 2030, developed in 2010 and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation No. 14-p of January 24, 2012 [3 ] with the obligatory implementation of coal mining during this period, assigned to the East Donbass, including during the construction of underground hydrocarbon storage facilities.

As analogues, the most representative is the "Method for the development of mineral deposits" (Pat. RF No. 2443864), the purpose of which is to achieve completeness of the development of the field and to prevent weakening of the surrounding array of worked out space and the creation of small, medium and large capacities, different from the development of previously known mineral deposits by the fact that the development of ore bodies is carried out from bottom to top by a layered method with a limited extraction capacity of the layer using a drilling (downhole) method from b ortov ortov, which creates a stable developed space, allowing you to use it to store gases, oil and its products, radioactive waste.

This method of developing minerals is acceptable in those conditions when the mineral itself is a monolithic structure that does not allow the permeability of gases and liquids, and the sizes of the blocks themselves are not dependent on the influence of the main rock pressure on them. In nature, many minerals have cracks, microcracks, and targeted cleats that significantly affect permeability. The main rock pressure in protecting the block from destruction has a significant effect and is mainly determined when mining the mineral by the step of landing the main roof.

The block system of mineral development, including the face of the chamber up to 12 m wide, between the chambers there are interchamber pillars, 3-5 m wide, they are knocked down for successive ventilation of chambers, anchor support is often used to maintain the roof in the chambers, after extraction of minerals chambers are extinguished by the collapse of the roof rocks.

составляет 50 м.Interchamber pillars and roof rocks must be stable, satisfy their physical and chemical properties in order to preserve hydrocarbons in the chambers, at the end of the service life of the chambers, the pillars are removed by lavas equipped with highly mechanized rebellion or strike complexes using the stored workings of this system. A block development system is proposed for the storage of hydrocarbons (Fig. 2), consisting of two or more chambers 3) separated by pillars, periodically having failures 10) for sequential ventilation, serving as emergency exits for supplying materials, at certain intervals the pillars have arrivals for unloading the rock mass 9) onto a group conveyor installed in one of the central chambers. The cameras have side pillars 1) on both sides, the distance between which is less than the pitch of the main landing of the roof installed in the lavas. For example, at the Sadkinskaya mine, the step of the main landing of the roof along the worked out formation $$m_8^{\mathrm{one}}$$

is 50 m.

кливажные трещины по углю распространены так, что они почти полностью совпадают с углом падения пласта. В Краснодонецком шахтоуправлении, отрабатывающем этот же пласт $$m_8^1$$

, доказано, что метан активно выделяется по наименьшему сопротивлению вдоль кливажных трещин и практически не проницает поперек им. См. наши патенты на изобретения №2442899, №2466277, решение о выдаче патента на изобретение, заявка №20111367882 [4]. Кровля и почва пласта $$m_8^1$$

на шахте Садкинская не имеют открытых кливажных трещин. Если междукамерные целики в сочетании с анкерной крепью удерживают непосредственную кровлю блока, то барьерный целик вместе с междукамерными целиками и анкерной крепью 4) удерживают основную кровлю блока, не позволяя ей расслаиваться, оседать, образовывать трещины, микротрещины и нанотрещины.In order to ensure the integrity of the pillars of coal chambers are held along its cleat, providing maximum resistance to permeability across cleat cracks or its absence. At the Sadkinskaya mine in the mining layer $$m_8^{\mathrm{one}}$$

coal cleavages are widespread so that they almost completely coincide with the dip angle. In the Krasnodonetsk mine administration, working out the same layer $$m_8^{\mathrm{one}}$$

, it was proved that methane is actively emitted by the least resistance along cleavage cracks and practically does not penetrate across them. See our patents for inventions No. 2442899, No. 2466277, the decision to grant a patent for the invention, application No. 2011116767882 [4]. Formation Roofing and Soil $$m_8^{\mathrm{one}}$$

the Sadkinskaya mine does not have open cleavage cracks. If the inter-chamber pillars in combination with the anchor roof support the immediate roof of the block, the barrier pillar together with the inter-chamber pillars and anchor support 4) hold the main roof of the block, not allowing it to delaminate, settle, form cracks, microcracks and nanocracks.

Double-chamber inter-chamber pillars: most of them of rectangular design are interrupted by inter-chamber faults 2) and periodically to ensure the optimal distance for unloading the rock mass with self-propelled cars to the group pillar of the pillar with smooth rides 9).

Block development system, its preparation is fully mechanized. The passage of chambers and interruptions between pillars is carried out by tunneling combines 5), transportation of rock from all passable blocks by a group belt conveyor 8), delivery of rock from combines to a belt conveyor by self-propelled cars 6), delivery of people and materials by underground vehicles 7).

The feasibility of the design and use of underground hydrocarbon storage facilities according to US scientists for the storage of gases over 19 thousand m ³ are beneficial underground facilities. In the Scandinavian countries, it is considered advisable to create underground tanks with a volume of 20-30 thousand m ³ . [5]

It is proposed to create underground tanks for storing hydrocarbons in the Rostov Region with a total capacity of up to 100 million m ³ , in the future up to 1 billion m ³ , consisting of separate blocks with three or more chambers with a total capacity of 90-120 m ³ . The feasibility of the proposed underground hydrocarbon storage facilities is obvious.

Claims (1)

A block development system for the storage of hydrocarbons, characterized in that the system consists of two or more chambers separated by pillars, having failures for sequential ventilation, which are spare and for supplying material with exits, the chambers have side continuous coal pillars on both sides, the distance between which are less than the step of landing the main roof, to ensure the tightness of the pillars of coal, the chambers pass along its cleat, which provides tightness across the cleats, interchamber pillars at the optimum distance are performed by smooth arrivals of the miner, and unloading the rock mass from the miner to the group conveyor is carried out by self-propelled wagons.

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