RU2571936C2 - Preparation of wood green of spruce to increase yields and protection of plants from diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention represents a preparation for protection of wheat plants, having fungicidal, bactericidal and growth stimulating properties, where there are active substances in the form of natural phenolic compounds isolated from wood green of spruce.

EFFECT: invention enhances the fungicidal, bactericidal and growth stimulating activity of plants.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used as a biologically active preparation for the protection of wheat plants with growth-promoting and fungicidal action.

One of the urgent tasks of the development of agriculture is to increase the productivity of crops, protect them from diseases and reduce the cost of production. An important reserve for the successful solution of these problems is the use of drugs that stimulate the growth and development of plants and at the same time have a fungicidal effect, reducing plant damage to diseases.

Known chemical methods of combating plant diseases, including the use of various fungicides. However, chemicals are toxic and relatively poorly decomposed in the soil.

The actual direction of crop growing is the development of environmentally friendly fungicides and growth regulators. The use of natural growth regulators can stimulate the growth and development of plants, increase disease resistance and productivity, and improve the quality of marketable products.

It is known to use the drug Silbiol, a product of the processing of coniferous herbs, as a virucidal, bactericidal, fungicidal agent [RU 2138279, АКК 35/78, 1999]. The drug Silbiol is prepared as follows. The coniferous wood is extracted with an organic solvent, the extract is saponified after settling and filtering, the solvent is distilled off from neutral substances after separation of the saponified extract, it is separated by waxing, vacuum distillation is carried out to isolate the Labdan alcohol fraction.

It is known to use parahydroxyacetophenone obtained from the processing of coniferous wood products as a virucidal, bactericidal and fungicidal agent [RU 2196596, A61K 35/78, 2000]. The coniferous wood is extracted with gasoline, the solvent is distilled off, the mixture is treated with alkali, the green wood is separated from the aqueous-alkaline solution, which is then acidified and extracted with a hydrocarbon extractant. The extractant is distilled off to obtain an extract that contains parahydroxyacetophenone.

A known method of obtaining a plant protection product from European needles (Picea excelsa L.), which includes extraction of needles with ethyl alcohol, isolation of neutral substances from the alcohol extract with alkaline hydrolysis, extraction with hexane, column chromatography of the hexane extract in a hexane-ether system with increasing content ether. [RU 2154942, A61K 35/78, 2000].

Known methods are environmentally hazardous and time-consuming.

Closest to the proposed method for the combination of essential features is a method of obtaining a plant growth regulator with fungicidal action "Verva" based on woody fir green [RU 2298327, publ. 05/10/07], including the active substance in the form of water-soluble salts of triterpenic acids and neutral components of needles in a ratio of 1: 0.1-0.2, respectively, in the following ratio of components, wt. %: active substance 0.025-25, aqueous-alkaline solution - the rest.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to expand the arsenal of environmentally friendly natural preparations for the protection of wheat plants, increase yield and quality of agricultural products. This is the technical result.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the preparation for the protection of wheat plants has fungicidal, bactericidal and growth-promoting properties, according to the invention, it contains natural phenolic compounds isolated from spruce wood as the active substance.

The drug is obtained in a simple and affordable way to extract low molecular weight components from plant materials - without the use of organic solvents. The method includes processing chopped wood green spruce with an aqueous solution of the base, followed by separation of the solid fraction.

Example

600 g of chopped wood green spruce with a moisture content of 30-50% is poured into 3 l of a 3-5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and stirred at a temperature of 45-50 ° C using a mechanical stirrer. After 1-2 hours, the solution is filtered.

During the mixing process, extractive substances are extracted from the green wood into the solution, including the active substance of the preparation — natural phenolic compounds: acetophenones, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and stilbenes.

Natural phenolic compounds have fungicidal, repellent, and insecticidal activity (Vasiliev S.N., Roshchin V.I., Feleke S. Extractives of woody herbs Picea abies (L.) Karst // Plant Resources. Issue 1-2. 1996. P. 151-175), high activity against a number of viruses, gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, pathogenic fungi, growth-promoting effect on plants (Artemkina N.A., Roshchin V.I. "Polar" extractive substances of spruce needles and shoots of European Picea abies (L.) Karst // Plant Resources. 2004.V. 40. Issue 3. P. 77-86).

The preparation also contains neutral extractive compounds (phenolic: neutral ratio 1: 0.1-0.2)

The composition of neutral compounds includes essential oils and polyprenols. Polyprenols enhance the immunity and defenses of plants and are used for diseases caused by immune disorders. The components of essential oils have antimicrobial activity and have a bactericidal effect.

Physico-chemical properties of the drug: maroon emulsion, unlimitedly soluble in water, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, odorless. The drug is not flammable, not explosive. In aqueous solutions, stable up to 60 ° C. This is an environmentally friendly product with high efficiency at a low consumption. The drug is cost-effective, does not pollute agricultural products and the environment.

The drug is effective as a fungicide and growth stimulator of wheat plants and is used in various concentrations.

Tests of the fungicidal efficacy of the drug were carried out in the Volgograd region on winter wheat cultivar Levoberezhnaya when pickling seed material and spraying plants during the growing season (Table 1). For comparison, plants were treated with Bactofit (standard).

In terms of their effectiveness against helminthosporious seed infection, the effectiveness of the spruce preparation was 49%, the efficiency of the standard was 38% when the seeds were infected in the control 23.5%.

Against alternaria on seeds, the effectiveness of the drug was 32%, the standard - 26% with infection of seeds in the control 9.5%.

Efficiency against mold of seeds was: 28% drug ate, 24% reference drug for infection of seeds in the control of 14.5%.

Efficacy against the complex of seed infection: 37% drug ate, 33% standard for seed infection in the control 64%.

In laboratory conditions, there was no negative effect on the germination energy and germination of seeds when treated with spruce (87.5% and 90%), reference preparation (87.5% and 89.5%), in the control, respectively 85% and 88.5 %

The yield of wheat during dressing and spraying was: 110% (preparation of spruce) and 107% (standard). In the variant with etching, the yield was 106% (drug of spruce), 103.5%) (standard).

Thus, the preparation of green wood spruce enhances the fungicidal, bactericidal and growth-promoting activity of plants, in low concentrations it has an effective complex effect on the plant - against root rot helminthosporious-fusarious etiology, molds of seeds and crop structure.

Claims (1)

A preparation for the protection of wheat plants, which has fungicidal, bactericidal and growth-promoting properties, characterized in that it contains natural phenolic compounds isolated from spruce wood as the active substance.