RU2569991C1 - Spinning parachute with two-stage braking - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft engineering.

SUBSTANCE: parachute canopy consists of the central part of triangular, square or polyhedral shape whereto secured are three or more as-folded blades. Blade slings remote from the parachute centre are of equal or larger length than the slings abutting on the canopy central part. Controlled fastener is composed of a textile or film web enveloping the blade laid in the roll. Every web is fastened by one or several controlled locks to the canopy central part, or several webs are secured by one lock, one to the other.

EFFECT: higher safety of gliding.

10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rotating (rotary) parachutes. Rotating parachutes of a single-layer and two-layer inflatable structures are known, see, for example, Pat. No. RU 2382322 and RU 2028255 (prototype), having an elongated or star-shaped shape in plan, the rays (hereinafter “blades”) which are located at an angle of attack to the incoming flow. However, they have one drawback - opening them at high speed can lead to a violation of the integrity of the parachute or to unacceptable overloads on the load or person.

It would be desirable to be able to control the aerodynamic drag of the parachute if necessary.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to increase the safety of parachute descent by temporarily reducing the aerodynamic drag of the parachute at the initial stage.

For this, the dome of this parachute consists of a central part having a triangular (with three blades), square (with four blades) shape or a polyhedron shape (with several blades - the number of faces - according to the number of blades), to which three are attached by controlled fastening when folded or more tissue or film blades.

The essence of the invention is that at high speed the first part of the parachute is opened. As the speed drops, a controlled mount opens and three or more blades open, after which the parachute begins to rotate, providing great aerodynamic drag.

In this case, the blades may have a less solid construction than the central part of the canopy.

In order that in the folded state the blades with their slings do not distort the shape of the central part, the slings of the blades farthest from the center of the parachute should be equal or greater than the slings adjacent to the central part of the dome.

To prevent the parachute from swinging, its central part, as usual, may have a central opening in the dome.

Of great importance is the type of temporary controlled fastening of the blades in the folded state. It must meet versatile requirements - it must withstand turbulence of the velocity stream when folded, it must not distort the shape of the blade after it opens. These requirements are met, in particular, by a controlled fastening in the form of a fabric or film panel covering a blade laid in a roller located horizontally (relative to the conditionally working position of the parachute in the air) and tangentially to the central part of the dome. Each panel can be attached with one or more controlled locks to the central part of the dome, or several panels are fastened with one lock to each other.

Such controlled locks can be, for example, pyro-cutters located on cords securing the rollers (pyro-cutters are cutters triggered by a gas-emitting pyrotechnic charge).

Perhaps the use of electric cutters.

It is possible to use electric or pyrotechnic locks in the form of a system of two thimbles located on different panels connected by a pin, or a system of two thimbles located on one panel and a third thimble located between them on another panel, also connected by a pin, and the pin has pyrotechnic or electric drive pulling it out of thimbles.

Due to the fact that when using this method of fastening the blades when folded, they have the shape of rollers, it is desirable to use the faceted shape of the central part of the dome. Then the rollers are placed along the rectilinear faces of the square of a rectangle, triangle, etc.

Another variant of fastening the blades in the folded state is also possible: the blades are folded in bags or in pockets attached to the central part of the dome and have exhaust parachutes ejected by a controlled mount, for example, in the form of a spring fixed in a compressed state.

So that after the blades open, the exhaust parachutes do not interfere with their rotation, 4 design options are possible:

OPTION 1. At the end of the halyard of an exhaust parachute there is a triangular plate made of fabric with a friction elastic pad on the opposite end from the halyard, which is not fastened, but is wrapped in a roller of a folded blade.

This option works like this: after pulling and unfolding the folded blade, the plate from the fabric is separated and lowered on its own.

OPTION 2. There is a pyro cutter on the halyard of the exhaust parachute, which works with a slowdown.

This option works like this: after pulling the folded blade, the pyro cutter cuts the halyard of the exhaust parachute, and it lowers on its own.

OPTION 3. The hitch of the exhaust parachute is attached to the center of the blade and has a length greater than the radius of the parachute.

This option works like this: after the start of the parachute rotation, the halyards of all (for example, as in the drawing, two) exhaust parachutes are intertwined above the center of the parachute, and do not interfere with its rotation (in the center the linear rotation speed is zero).

OPTION 4. All blades have one common exhaust parachute located above the central part of the dome and connected to it by a piece of a halyard with a pyro cutter.

This option works as follows: after the central part of the dome has been opened and the fall rate has been reduced to a predetermined limit, the pyro cutter (for example, by the signal of the pyrotechnic time switch) cuts the length of the file, while the exhaust parachute, which is already in the open state, is released and extends all the blades of the parachute. After that, the exhaust parachute remains above the central part of the dome and does not prevent the parachute from rotating (in the center, the linear speed of rotation is zero).

Options 3 and 4 have another feature - with a very large length of halyards (halyard) of exhaust parachutes (parachute), there are about 5 diameters of the parachute, they can be opened simultaneously with the opening of the central part of the dome. While the halyards (halyard) choose a free length, the central part will have time to open and slow down the fall to the desired safe speed. After which the halyards (halyard) will be pulled out by the folded blades, they will open, and the parachute will begin to rotate.

In FIG. 1, 2, this parachute is shown in side view in two stages of its disclosure, and in FIG. 3 shows a parachute in a fully opened state in a plan view.

The parachute consists of a central part 1, having the shape of a square, and two blades 4. The central part and the blades are connected by slings 2 to the load 3.

The parachute works as follows: after the discharge at high speed, the central part 1 opens first, providing its aerodynamic drag to reduce the speed of fall to the limit safe for opening the less durable parachute blades. At this stage, the parachute is neutral and does not rotate (Fig. 1).

After the speed drops to a predetermined limit by means of a time relay (for example, a pyrotechnic one) or by means of a control action from a person or from a remote control system, a controlled mount is opened and the blades of the 4 parachute open, which immediately begins to rotate, creating a large aerodynamic drag and reducing the speed to a given value (Fig. 2, 3).

When resetting at low speed, especially when there is a lack of height, when controlled by a control action from a person or from a remote control system, the controlled mounting of the blades is revealed simultaneously with the release of the parachute, or with a slight delay in time. This will speed up the deployment of the parachute.

Claims (10)

1. A rotating parachute with two-stage braking, containing fabric or film surfaces and slings, characterized in that the dome of this parachute consists of a central part having a triangular, square shape or polyhedron shape, to which three or more blades are attached by controlled fastening when folded. 2. The parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that the lines of the blades farthest from the center of the parachute are of equal or greater length than the slings adjacent to the central part of the dome. 3. The parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that the controlled fastening is made in the form of a fabric or film panel covering a blade laid in a roller located horizontally and tangentially to the central part of the dome, each panel being attached by one or more controlled locks to the central parts of the dome, or several panels fastened with one lock to each other. 4. The parachute according to claim 3, characterized in that the controlled locks are pyro-cutters or electric cutters located on the cords securing the rollers. 5. The parachute according to claim 3, characterized in that it has controlled locks in the form of a system of two thimbles located on different panels connected by a pin, or a system of two thimbles located on one panel and a third thimble located between them on the other the panel is also connected by a pin, and the pin has a pyrotechnic or electric drive that draws it from the thimbles. 6. The parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are folded in bags or pockets attached to the central part of the dome and have exhaust parachutes ejected by a controlled mount, for example, in the form of a spring fixed in a compressed state. 7. The parachute according to claim 6, characterized in that at the end of the halyard of the exhaust parachute there is a triangular plate of fabric with a friction elastic pad on the opposite end of the halyard, which is wrapped in a roller of the folded blade. 8. The parachute according to claim 6, characterized in that on the halyard of the exhaust parachute there is a pyro-cutter that works with deceleration. 9. The parachute according to claim 6, characterized in that the halyard of the exhaust parachute is attached to the center of the blade and has a length greater than the radius of the parachute. 10. The parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are folded in bags or in pockets attached to the central part of the dome, and all the blades have one common exhaust parachute located above the central part of the dome and connected to it by a piece of the halyard pyrorezakom.

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