RU2569632C1 - Method of regulation of productivity of ruminants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock husbandry, in particular to a method of regulation of productivity of ruminants. The method comprises adding to a basic diet of the mineral additive, and the additive is added into the diet as mineral shungite of Zazhoginsky deposit of Karelia of fraction up to 1.0 mm and is fed at a dose of 0.3-1.5% daily by weight of the diet dry matter.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to improve the digestibility of nutrients, the metabolic rate and productivity of ruminants, in particularly cows and sheep.

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Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to the feeding of ruminants.

It is known to use siliceous additives, for example, natural zeolites, in vitamin formulations for feeding young farm animals (patents RU 2088109, A23K 1/16, 1997; 2053686, A23K 1/16, 1996; application 96109645, A23K 1/16, 1998), feed for cattle (patents RU 2038028, A23K 1/175, 1995; 2069956, A23K 1/16, 1996; application 94004187, A23K 1/00, 1995). Siliceous breeds are used in animal husbandry as part of feed or in vitamin complexes and are aimed at the full feeding of animals and increase their productivity. There are various feed additives enriched with biologically active substances, including zeolite in its composition, which is mainly used as varieties of this mineral - clinoptilolite, permite. A known method of preparing animal feed, for example laboratory, from food debris or stale feed, comprising introducing activated carbon into the feed in the form of a powder in an amount of 2% of the dry weight of the feed, i.e. 20 g / kg of feed (Patent RU No. 2053684, A23K 1/16, 1991). The disadvantage of this method is that it uses a relatively expensive component - activated carbon. A known method of normalizing metabolic processes in young cattle using permite and optionally cobalt chloride or cobalt basic carbonate, copper sulfate or copper carbonate basic, zinc sulfate or zinc carbonate basic, potassium iodide stabilized with sodium thiosulfate (patent RU No. 2182798). However, this method has several disadvantages. First of all, these are rather high recommended doses, which significantly increases its use and does not exclude the possibility of an overdose. It has also been proved that salts of trace elements, especially sulfate and hydrochloric acid, when mixed with vitamins accelerate their destruction. A known method of increasing the milk productivity of cows, taken as a prototype, including the introduction into the main diet of animals additives from sapropel and expanded vermiculite (patent RU No. 2475040, A23K 1/16, 2011) With the introduction of this feed additive in the calculation of 0.95 g / kg live weight, milk productivity of cows increased by 334.5 kg per lactation. However, this method has several disadvantages. So, the daily prescribed weight of the additive exceeded 500 g, which can negatively affect the motor-evacuation activity of the pre-stomachs and, as a consequence, the productivity of animals. In addition, the composition of the additive includes heavy metals and radioactive elements such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury, cesium, strontium, which adversely affect the physiological functions of the body. Also, the background level of milk productivity for the period of the experiment is not shown, with the presented difference in kg per lactation. The objective of the invention is to regulate the productivity of ruminants by increasing the digestibility of nutrients in diets, improving metabolic processes based on feeding a feed additive. The technical result of the invention is to increase the digestibility of nutrients in diets, the intensity of metabolic processes in ruminants and their productivity. The properties of the mineral contribute to the improvement of digestive and metabolic processes in the body and increase their productivity. The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method for regulating the productivity of ruminants, including the introduction of a mineral additive in the main diet, characterized in that the additive is introduced into the diet shungite mineral Zazhoginsky deposits of Karelia fraction 0-1.0 mm and fed at a dose of 0, 3-1.5% per day by weight of the dry matter of the diet. It contains carbon of a special structural form - shungite, not graphitized, fullerene-like. Shungites are chemogenic formations of the Proterozoic age that are mined on an industrial scale only in the territory of Karelia. Shungite contains 72% ash and 28% carbon. The mineral part of shungite contains oxides of more than 20 macro- and microelements, the main representative of which is silicon. The average chemical composition is shown in table 1.

Table 1 The average chemical composition of the rock shungite (% mass) SiO ₂ TiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ FeO MgO Cao Na ₂ O K ₂ O S FROM H ₂ Oh Chris 57.0 0.2 4.3 2,8 1,2 0.3 0.2 1,5 1,5 28.0 3.0

Mineral composition (% of mass): shungite carbon - 28; quartz - 50; complex silicates (mica, chlorite) - 20; sulfides - 2. Physical properties: beats. piece weight - 2.3-2.4 g / cm ³ , porosity - up to 0.5%, compressive strength - 1000-1500 kg / cm ³ , elastic modulus - 0.31 × 10 ⁵ MPa, bulk density - 1100-1200 kg / m ³ . Hard-burning shungite. According to the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides, shungite belongs to class I. Rocks - Shungite is not toxic. It is ecologically safe, does not require disposal (safety data sheet of fractionated shungite LLC scientific and production complex "Carbon-Shungit" Republic of Karelia). Being a source of macro- and microelements, the mineral part of shungite, as well as zeolites and bentonites, has adsorption, binding, buffer and ion-exchange properties, dispersion, contributes to better absorption of organic and mineral substances. Silicon oxides contribute to the uptake of calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, etc. The supramolecular structural unit of shungite carbon is a fullerene-like, but multilayer globule, a giant fullerene. Shungite carbon, like fullerene, has antioxidant, sorption properties, antitoxic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine effects. The feasibility and effectiveness of the invention is confirmed by examples of specific performance. To confirm the effectiveness of the shungite mineral for ruminants, studies were conducted in the physiological courtyard of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after academician L.K. Ernst ", Moscow region.

Example 1. Experimental data on the use of the claimed shungite mineral of the Zazhoginsky field of Karelia in the composition of the main diet were obtained in experiments on 4 groups of fistula sheep, 3 heads each, the first of which was control, and 2, 3 and 4 were experimental. The animals of the experimental groups received shungite mineral to the main diet at the rate of 0.3, 0.9 and 1.5% per day from the dry matter of the diet, respectively (Scheme 1).

Scheme 1 Scheme of experiment on fistula animals Groups Number of animals Feeding characteristics Control 3 The main diet (RR) Experienced 1 3 OR + shungite (0.3% of the SV diet) Experienced 2 3 OR + shungite (0.9% of SV diet) Experienced 3 3 OR + shungite (1.5% of the SV diet)

Analysis of the research results showed that the introduction of shungite mineral into the main diet of sheep contributed to the optimization of cicatricial digestion (Tables 2 and 3), which was expressed in an increase in the amount of VFA by 0.25-2.43 mmol / 100 ml (P <0.05), a decrease in the concentration of ammonia at 2.08-4.61 mg% (P <0.05), an increase in the mass of symbiont microflora by 0.16-1.35 g / 100 ml, and an increase in the amylolytic activity of enzymes by 0.36-5 , 28 U / ml. Thus, the introduction of shungite in the diet creates more favorable conditions for the development of microflora in the cicatricial environment, which contributes to an increase in the activity of enzymes. The decrease in the amount of ammonia in the scar fluid is explained by the adsorbing properties of the shungite mineral.

table 2 The dynamics of the cicatricial metabolism of sheep (M ± m) Group Sampling time 1 hour before feeding After feeding VFA in scar fluid (Mmol / 100 ml) control 6.77 ± 0.24 9.23 ± 0.43 1 experienced 7.5 ± 0.12 11.07 ± 0.95 2-experienced 7.14 ± 0.12 11.66 ± 0.36 3 experienced 7.02 ± 0.42 11.34 ± 0.97 Ammonia in scar fluid (mg%) control 14.22 ± 0.7 24.71 ± 0.46 1 experienced 13.2 ± 1.6 20.1 ± 0.96 2-experienced 13.5 ± 2.31 21.64 ± 0.53 3 experienced 12.76 ± 0.99 22.63 ± 1.38 Amylolytic activity (U / ml) control 13.68 ± 2.26 17.77 ± 1.05 1 experienced 16.88 ± 0.8 18.56 ± 0.41 2-experienced 18.62 ± 0.54 18.75 ± 0.4 3 experienced 18.96 ± 0.4 18.13 ± 1.4 The differences compared with the control are statistically significant at a value of P: *) - <0.05

Table 3 The content of microbial mass in cicatricial fluid Group In 100 ml of cicatricial content, g before feeding after feeding bacteria protozoa Total bacteria protozoa Total control 0.38 0.60 0.98 0.42 0.93 1.35 1 experienced 0.45 0.85 1.30 0.67 2.03 2.70 2-experienced 0.44 0.7 1.14 0.42 1,57 1.99 3 experienced 0.45 0.69 1.14 0.77 0.92 1,69

Studies have shown that the introduction of shungite in the diet had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients in feed rations (table 4). It can be especially noted in the experimental groups that there was a significant increase in the digestibility of dry matter by 0.75-3.48%, organic matter by 1.82-3.57%, crude protein by 4.0-4.3%, and crude fiber by by 0.92-4.89%.

Table 4 The amount of digested and digestible nutrients (M ±) Indicator Group Control 1 experienced 2-experienced 3 experienced Dry matter, g 430.8 ± 21.8 469.10 ± 10.5 516.00 ± 12.9 491.43 ± 64.0 digestibility,% 65.46 ± 0.25 67.27 ± 0.4 * 68.94 ± 0.23 * 66.21 ± 0.72 Organic matter, g 423.6 ± 21.0 464.20 ± 21.8 509.10 ± 23.2 493.72 ± 32.3 digestibility,% 67.59 ± 0.26 69.76 ± 0.46 71.16 ± 0.35 * 69.41 ± 0.60 Crude protein, g 60.20 ± 5.46 74.82 ± 6.5 78.86 ± 16.80 70.06 ± 7.80 digestibility,% 63.78 ± 1.50 67.82 ± 3.11 67.78 ± 2.60 68.08 ± 0.70 * Crude Fat, g 17.05 ± 2.90 19.01 ± 3.90 20.60 ± 5.30 21.0 ± 3.90 digestibility,% 71.3 ± 2.03 72.73 ± 0.40 72.25 ± 1.27 71.34 ± 0.29 Crude fiber, g 31.20 ± 5.00 51.72 ± 6.40 51.22 ± 4.6 61.26 ± 9.60

digestibility,% 50.76 ± 0.37 55.56 ± 0.20 * 55.65 ± 1.60 * 51.68 ± 0.28 Bev, g 315.20 ± 33.00 319.00 ± 42.00 358.31 ± 43.00 340.88 ± 59.3 digestibility,% 72.42 ± 1.23 73.16 ± 0.73 74.88 ± 0.15 74.04 ± 1.20 The differences compared with the control are statistically significant at a value of P: *) - <0.05

Table 5 shows the productivity of experimental animals. The table shows that the use of the mineral increases the growth rate of young animals. So, when using the shungite mineral in the 1st experimental group (dose 0.3%), the difference was 11.1%, in the second experimental (dose 0.9%) - 17.1%, and in the third experimental (dose 1.5%) ) - 13.3% compared with the control. Thus, a tendency has been established to increase the growth rate of young sheep under the influence of the shungite mineral.

Table 5 Sheep productivity Indicator Control group 1 experienced 2-experienced 3 experienced The average daily gain in live weight, g 163.3 ± 7.36 181.7 ± 2.70 191.3 ± 2.34 185.0 ± 4.77

Analysis of biochemical blood tests (table 6) showed that the addition of shungite in the diets of sheep did not adversely affect the indicators of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. In the blood serum of animals of the experimental groups, there was a statistically significant increase in the concentration of total protein by 4.8-12.23 g / l (P <0.05), glucose by 0.65-3.43 Mmol / l (P <0, 05) as well as a decrease in the urea concentration indicator by 2.11-2.33 Mmol / L (P <0.05).

Table 6 Biochemical blood parameters of sheep (M ± m) Indicator Control group 1 experienced 2-experienced 3 experienced

Total protein, g / l 61.91 ± 1.62 74.14 ± 1.46 66.71 ± 1.86 68.7 ± 0.66 * ALT, ME / L 26.37 ± 1.35 29.04 ± 0.64 28.18 ± 0.74 25.98 ± 1.7 Urea, mmol / l 6.02 ± 0.43 3.91 ± 0.19 3.94 ± 0.06 3.69 ± 0.32 * Creatinine, Mkmol / l 76.55 ± 3.7 74.58 ± 2.56 81.31 ± 2.47 81.22 ± 9.1 Glucose, Mmol / L 4.77 ± 0.96 6.15 ± 0.17 5.42 ± 0.1 8.2 ± 0.26 * The differences compared with the control are statistically significant at a value of P: *) - <0.05

To confirm the effectiveness of the use of the shungite mineral to dairy cattle, studies were conducted in the conditions of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise EC “Klenovo-Chegodaevo”, Moscow Region.

Example 2. Experimental data on the use of the claimed shungite mineral of the Zazhoginsky field of Karelia in the composition of the main diet were obtained in experiments on 2 groups of lactating cows of black and white breed, formed by the principle of analogues, 15 animals in each group, with a productivity level of 6500-7000 kg milk per year. The conditions of detention and the duration of the experiment in each group, the first of which was the control, and the second experimental, were the same. The animals of the second group received shungite mineral to the main diet at the rate of 0.3% of the dry matter of the diet (Scheme 2).

Scheme 2 Cow experience design Groups Number of animals Feeding characteristics Control fifteen The main diet (RR) Experienced fifteen OR + shungite (0.3% of the SV diet)

The study of cicatricial metabolism in experimental animals is consistent with the data of physiological studies obtained in fistulous animals (table 7).

Table 7 The dynamics of cicatricial metabolism in cows (M ± m) Group Indicators VFA in scar fluid (Mmol / 100 ml) Ammonia in scar fluid (mg%) Amylolytic activity (U / ml) control 10.03 ± 0.49 6.31 ± 0.69 18.29 ± 0.40 experienced 10.36 ± 1.91 5.03 ± 0.63 18.77 ± 0.74

Table 8 Milk productivity of cows (M ± m) Group
animals Setting for 1 experience I month of lactation II month of lactation III month of lactation Milk yield, kg Fat% Protein,% Milk yield, kg Fat% Protein,% Milk yield, kg Fat% Protein,% Milk yield, kg Fat% Protein,% Control 23.9 ± 0.93 3.69 ± 0.03 3.13 ± 0.02 22.6 ± 1.22 3.81 ± 0.0 6 3.08 ± 0.02 21.1 3 ± 0, 3 3.81 ± 0.0 3 3.17 ± 0.01 19.1 7 ± 0, 65 3.8 ± 0.03 3.15 ± 0.01 Experienced 23.77 ± 1.15 3.69 ± 0.03 3.17 ± 0.02 23.83 ± 1.27 3.8 ± 0.06 3.11 ± 0.02 22.7
3 ± 0,
65 * 3.78 ± 0.0 5 3.18 ± 0.01 20.8 3 ± 0, 42 * 3.83 ± 0.0 3 3.18 ± 0.02 The differences compared with the control are statistically significant at a value of P: *) - <0.05

Analysis of the research results showed that the introduction of the mineral shungite into the main diet of lactating cows contributed to an increase in the milk productivity of cows by 5.4-8.9% compared with the control (table 8). Thus, the use of the shungite mineral in the composition of the main diet of ruminants helps to optimize the processes of cicatricial digestion, creates the most favorable conditions for the life of microflora in the rumen, which entails an increase in the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in diets and, as a result, an increase in productivity. The invention is applicable to farms and complexes of different ownership forms for the content of cows and sheep.

Claims (1)

A method of regulating the productivity of ruminants, including the introduction of a mineral additive in the main diet, characterized in that as an additive, shungite mineral of the Zazhoginsky deposit of the Karelia fraction is added to the fraction of 1.0 mm and fed at a dose of 0.3-1.5% per day from dry matter mass of the diet.