RU2569528C9 - Ore lumps separation process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: ore lumps are irradiated with X rays to measure the secondary radiation by detectors. Then, they are irradiated with illumination system to perform measurements by optical means. Said lumps are split by pneumatic splitter with blow-out computer-controlled nozzles with allowance for X-ray detectors and optical means. Note here that said lumps are arranged by the belt conveyor and trough fixed relative conveyor frame. Belt speed is set to provide for monolayer of ore lumps moving after exit from the belt in parabolic paths that compose the parabolic surface. The set of X-ray emitters of at least one and detectors are used to measure the secondary X-ray emission of lumps excited by said emitters. Said emitters are located from below and/or above the path surfaces. Note here that all emitters arranged on one or two sides of the path surfaces are directed by slits of their collimators so that the beams of X rays create the path surface irradiation section shaped to the strip perpendicular to those of the lumps. Digital video camera with illumination system is arranged from below and/or from above the path surface. In compliance with claimed process, lumps downstream of the vibrating feeder are fed onto the pickup.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of roentgen fluorescent separation, higher quality of separation.

3 cl, 3 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the enrichment of solid minerals and can be used in pokuskovy radiometric separation of complex ores and industrial raw materials, in particular ore dumps.

In the known separation methods by the X-ray fluorescence (RF) method, after screening and size classification, the pieces are laid out according to single-row streams of pieces, i.e. along the streams. This happens as in free fall separators, in which irradiation, measurement and cut-off of pieces is carried out with free falling of pieces from the tray (patent RU 2164830, B07C 5/346, patent RU 2432206, B03B 13/06, separators SERF-34L, SERF-50 -3L and SERF-100-3L of the company NPP Burevestnik OJSC, separator SPHERA of the company MINERAL RS LLC, St. Petersburg, schemes of sorting machines of which are published on the Internet), as well as in tape separators in which irradiation and measurement of pieces is carried out at the movement of pieces on the conveyor belt with one or two streams (patent RU 2269380, B03B 13/00, patent RU 2069100, B03B 13/06, patent RU 2422210, B03B 13/06).

The disadvantage of the RF separation method during free fall from the tray is that the performance of the separators operating by this method is limited by the low speed of the ore pieces (about 1 m / s) flying past the detector, as well as the presence of a “stretch”, t. e. the obligatory presence of such a distance between pieces of a stream that the detector measures only one piece. To increase the productivity of such separators by increasing the number of streams over a certain limit - 8 pcs. (RU 2422210 C1, CERF separators) is impossible, in particular, due to an increase in the unevenness of the irradiation intensity of pieces of various streams, close and far from the X-ray irradiator and, as a result, a large difference in the sensitivity of measurements of pieces of various trajectories and, as a consequence, a drop in quality products. Their other drawback is the irradiation and measurement of only one side of the piece, which reduces the quality of ore dressing products, characterized by significant uneven mineralization of the different sides of the piece.

The disadvantage of the RF separation method during transportation on the tape from the point of view of the possibility of increasing their productivity is the impossibility of increasing the number of streams of more than two, since the x-ray beam of the emitter when the x-ray emitter is located above the tape is horizontal, and the product is pneumatically cut off by air jets in the horizontal direction, above the tape .

Known tape separators operating by the polychromatic photometric (PF) method, of which the separators of the German firms CommodasUltrasort and AIS Sommer are most famous. In the separators of the OptoSort BeltCompact model of AIS Sommer (V.K. Ryabkin et al. Polychrome photometric separation of gold-bearing ores // Gorny Zhurnal, 2007, No. 12), pieces are fed after the vibrating feeder to the gutter - ore discharge, forming a monolayer with a width of 600-1800 mm s using a conveyor belt, with a feed speed of 3 m / s and measuring pieces in flight with a color scanning video camera, then pneumatic cut-off for two products. The advantage of the separation method according to the PF method is about an order of magnitude high performance at close particle size ranges than RF separators. Another advantage is the lack of the need to physically form streams, significantly complicating the design of the RF separators.

The disadvantage of separation methods by the PF method by tape separators is the indirectness of the method itself: the content of chemical elements of interest is estimated in an indirect way: by the brightness of color shades, while in the RF method the estimate is direct. As a result, the steepness of using PF separators is less than the range of application of RF separators, but the PF separation method itself is more effective for non-metallic minerals and sometimes more effective for ores of rare and precious metals.

A separation method with a combination of the RF and PF methods in one separator is promising, eliminating the above disadvantages and combining advantages, but at the moment such separators are unknown.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is the RF separation method carried out in a RF tape separator, the scheme of which is published on the Internet (REDWAVE XRF-S separator from BT-Volvgang Binder LLC, Austria). The material to be separated is fed into the measuring zone by a tape, the X-ray emitter and secondary radiation detectors are placed above the material flow, and the pneumatic cut-off is carried out after the pieces are removed from the tape. The formation of streams is absent; they are replaced by signal lamps that provide information about the location of the pieces on the tape. This separation method allows you to increase productivity by increasing the width of the separator tape. The disadvantages of the separation method of the RED WAVE separator are as follows:

- the location of the x-ray emitter directly above the tape causes a background interfering secondary radiation of the tape material, the fight against which installing filters after the emitter and filters in front of the detectors reduces the measured radiation of the useful components of the pieces; the use of a special tape material that attenuates the background from the tape within a certain spectral range is possible, but limits the ability to detect and measure chemical elements of interest whose analytical lines fall into this spectral range;

- the presence of creeping of one piece on another, which significantly reduces the selectivity of measuring pieces and, therefore, the quality of the products;

- the absence in the pneumatic cutter of the possibility of separation into three products;

- lack of optical means measuring the color characteristics of the pieces.

The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the productivity of the RF separation, expanding the range of minerals enriched and improving the quality of ore separation products, characterized by uneven mineralization of different sides of the piece.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of separating ores of the Russian Federation by a method that includes feeding pieces of ore after a vibratory feeder with a pickup of pieces to a conveyor belt, X-ray spectral measurements using an X-ray emitter and secondary X-ray radiation detectors, optical measurements of the geometric characteristics of the location and size of the pieces, pneumatic cut-off of products separation by blowing nozzles in the falling zone of pieces controlled by computer means depending on the signal of x-ray radiation detectors and optical means, according to the invention, the pieces are laid out using a conveyor belt with a tray stationary relative to the conveyor frame, while the belt speed is such that a monolayer of ore pieces is created, moving after descending from the tape along parabolic trajectories forming a parabolic surface, moreover, a set of x-ray emitters in the amount of at least one and detectors measuring the secondary x-ray radiation of the pieces, excited by these tgenovskimi emitters, a bottom and / or top surface of the trajectories. In this case, the x-ray emitters located on each side of the surface of the trajectories are oriented by the slits of their collimators in such a way that the x-ray beams create an irradiation section of the surface of the trajectories in the form of a strip perpendicular to the paths of the pieces, and a digital video camera with a lighting system is placed below and / or above the surface of the trajectories .

The number of blowing nozzles of the pneumatic sector, the time interval for their activation depends on the size of the flying piece cut off.

The method can be characterized in that the measurement of the secondary x-ray radiation of the pieces is carried out by detectors located on both sides of the primary x-ray beam, creating an irradiation band. This allows you to apply the "relay" method of measurement, when the X-ray spectral information related to the piece, accumulates as the piece moves along its path from detector to detector.

The method may also be characterized in that the pneumatic cut-off is carried out by a shut-off device with blowing nozzles, including two lines of nozzles, each of which is located on one side of the surface of the trajectories. This allows for three-product separation.

Information obtained from a digital video camera can be used in computer tools not only to form the color component of the separation indicator, but also to eliminate the need to form physical streams characteristic of RF separators, and thus to simplify the design of the separator and increase its performance. Knowing the mutual arrangement of the pieces on the parabolic surface of the trajectories and their sizes, it is possible to mathematically evaluate the contributions to the X-ray spectral information from this piece as well as the interfering X-ray spectral information received from other surrounding pieces, subtract the interfering contributions and evaluate the X-ray spectral component of the sign of separation of only this piece. In a simplified, one-dimensional linear case of a stream, similar calculations to compensate for interfering illumination from neighboring pieces and to implement in-line separation of uranium ores are performed in UAS belt separators (patent RU 2269380 C1, B03B 13/00 and patent RU 2286849, B03B 13/06) .

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

- in FIG. 1 shows a schematic general view of the device according to this method from the side, in a variant of unilateral irradiation and measurement of pieces, unilateral measurement by a digital video camera with a lighting system and an air cutter with two lines of blowing nozzles;

- in FIG. Figure 2 shows in axonometric form the geometry of one-sided irradiation of pieces with three x-ray emitters, the collimator slits of which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the paths of the pieces, with one-sided measurement by a digital video camera with a lighting system and a pneumatic cutter with one line of blowing nozzles;

- in FIG. Figure 3 shows the x-ray optical scheme of bilateral irradiation and measurement of pieces at a feed speed of 3 m / s. The units of distance for both the x-axis of the abscissa and the z-axis of the applicate are millimeters (the ordinate axis of the perpendicular to the x, z plane).

In FIG. 1 shows a vibratory feeder 1, tray 2, fixed relative to the conveyor frame with a conveyor belt 3 moving at a speed sufficient to create a monolayer of pieces 4 and to give horizontal speed to these pieces, as well as pieces 5 moving after descending from the tape in the incidence zone along parabolic paths forming a parabolic surface, a pneumatic cutter with two lines of 6 blowing nozzles, used to cut off two different grades 7 of the separation product, the third product 8 is not cut-off, a digital video camera 10 with system 9 illumination scanning the pieces across their flight paths and serving to measure the color and geometric characteristics of the ore pieces and, in particular, their coordinates, for transmission to a computer, an x-ray emitter 11 for irradiating the ore pieces flying through the strip 12 of the parabolic surface, secondary x-ray detectors 13 pieces located on both sides of the x-ray beam of the emitter.

In FIG. 2, as an example, three X-ray emitters 11 are located, located below the surface of the paths and oriented by the slits of their collimators in such a way that they create by the X-ray beams a portion of the irradiation of the surface of the paths, which is a strip 12, the long side of which is perpendicular to the paths of the pieces, with the possibility of selecting filters and adjustments, including automatic, of the emitter modes to achieve uniformity and constancy of the irradiation intensity and sensitivity of the detector measurements s in the strip. The detectors in FIG. 2 are not shown. Also below the surface of the trajectories to obtain optical information from the pieces is a digital video camera 10 with a lighting system 9.

According to the X-ray optical diagram of FIG. 3 according to the patented method, it is possible to both unilaterally and bilaterally irradiate and measure a piece when, in addition to an optical irradiation-measuring device, consisting of a lighting system 9 and a digital video camera 10, an X-ray fluorescence irradiation-measuring device, consisting of X-ray emitters 11 and detectors 13 located below the parabolic surface of the trajectories, irradiate and measure the pieces on top of the parabolic surface using an optical irradiation measuring a structure consisting of a lighting system 14 and a digital video camera 15 and an X-ray fluorescence irradiation measuring device consisting of X-ray emitters 16 and detectors 18.

In FIG. 3 also shows the location simultaneously on both sides of the x-ray beam formed by the emitters 11 of the detectors 13 and simultaneously on both sides of the x-ray beam formed by the emitters 16 of the detectors 18. This arrangement of the detectors allows you to use the "relay »The measurement method, when in the computer memory x-ray spectral information related to the measured piece accumulates as the piece moves along its tracks torii from detector to detector.

An example of the operation of the device according to this method (Fig. 1)

Ore crushed and screened ore is fed to vibrator 1, which is poured through tray 2 onto conveyor belt 3. The speed of conveyor belt is such that a monolayer of pieces is formed 4. After leaving the belt during flight along a parabolic path, the pieces are irradiated with X-ray emitters 11, and the secondary x-ray radiation of the pieces, which carries information about the content of useful chemical elements in the pieces, is measured by the detectors 13 while the pieces are in the region of the strip 12. the vertical coordinate of the trajectories of the pieces, it is possible to significantly bring the detectors 13, in this example scintillation, to the surface of the trajectories to increase the measurement sensitivity. After passing the path section where the X-ray measurements are made, the pieces advance to the path section where the optical measurements are made using the lighting system 9 and a scanning digital video camera 10. Using X-ray radiation detectors and digital camera information, an X-ray spectral separation is made by computer software. sign of a piece. Line 6 of the pneumatic cutter, under the control of a computer program, selects rich pieces 7 and skips poor pieces 8. When selecting pieces, only those nozzles of the blowing nozzle line of the pneumatic cutter are switched on, only such a quantity and only for such a certain time that it ensures selection of pieces 7 of only one sort of product . The number of lines is two, three-product separation. The working width of the belt is 1200 mm, the speed of the belt is 3 m / s, for the size class (-80 + 20) mm the productivity is up to 100 t / h.

Claims (3)

1. A method of piecewise ore separation, including feeding pieces after the vibrator to the pickup, X-ray irradiation and measuring secondary radiation with detectors, irradiation with an illumination system and optical measurement, cutting off with a pneumatic cutter with blowing nozzles under computer control depending on the signals of the X-ray and optical detectors means, characterized in that the layout of the pieces is carried out using a conveyor belt and a tray stationary relative to the frame t a conveyor, wherein the speed of the tape allows you to create a monolayer of pieces of ore moving after descending from the tape along parabolic trajectories forming a parabolic surface, and a set of x-ray emitters in the amount of at least one and detectors measuring the secondary x-ray radiation of the pieces excited by these x-ray emitters below and / or above the surface of the trajectories, while x-ray emitters located on one or two sides of the surface of the trajectories orient by means of their collimators in such a way that the x-ray beams create an irradiation site for the surface of the trajectories in the form of a strip perpendicular to the trajectories of the pieces, and a digital video camera with a lighting system is located below and / or above the surface of the trajectories. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the measurement of the secondary x-ray radiation of the pieces is carried out by detectors located on both sides of the primary x-ray beam, creating an irradiation band. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cut-off is carried out by a cutter with blowing nozzles, which includes two lines of nozzles, each of which is located on one side of the surface of the trajectory.

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