RU2567324C1 - Solar-windmill desalting plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: claimed plant comprises pipes to feed water 35 to be desalted, brine discharge pipe, recycling pump 26, electric heater 30, ring tapered solar collector 42, external spherical dome 1, photoelectric modules 2, internal hemispherical dome 3, confuser-diffuser 4, windmill 5, external spinning rotor 9, internal fixed rotor 6, chamber 11 arranged between said internal 3 and external 1 domes, circular trough 12, temperature transducer 13, rarefaction transducer 10, vacuum pump 16, electric valve 15, electric heater collector 31, parabolic circular reflector of solar radiation 17, tank 19 of heat exchanger 18 for desalted water, air intake openings 43, circular swirler 48, cylindrical evaporation pool 27, grate 34 of electric heater collector 31, spherical; bottom 32, inverter 36, electronic control board 37, charge-discharge controller 38, heat insulation, brine collector round trough 29. Circular tapered solar collector 42 comprises tubular coiled heat receiver 45, conical support 46, transparent heat insulation 47, lower circular cover 39 and transparent conical cover 49. Heat accumulation means consists of aluminium chip 41 while heat exchanger 18 is meant for desalted water.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention of the “Solar-wind desalination plant” (IED) relates to distillation desalination plants of a surface (boiling) type and to renewable energy sources. The solar-wind desalination plant is designed to desalinate marine, highly mineralized and polluted water. The solar-wind desalination plant can be used for water supply of small residential premises, various social amenities, beach showers, agricultural buildings for keeping pets, greenhouses, production shops, military units and units of the field-based Ministry of Emergency Situations located in areas with a shortage of fresh water as well as to obtain sea salt and supply electricity to various consumers. The objectives of the invention are relevant for the following reasons. Firstly, according to the UN in 2030, 47% of the world's population will be threatened by water shortages, for example, only in Africa by 2020, from 75 to 250 million people will be in this situation due to climate changes. Secondly, the lack of water in the desert and semi-desert regions will cause intensive migration of the population, it is expected that this will affect from 24 to 700 million people. Thirdly, the quality of drinking water in most cities of Russia is at the limit of permissible norms of harmful impurities. Fourth, the world's water shortage, including agricultural and industrial needs, will increase to 1.3-2.0 trillion by 2025. cube m / year. It should be noted that in terms of the total volume of fresh water resources, Russia occupies a leading position among European countries, so, according to the UN, by 2025, Russia, together with Scandinavia, South America and Canada, will remain the regions most provided with fresh water, more than 20 thousand cubic meters. m / year per capita. However, according to the estimates of the Institute of World Resources for the last year, the most countries without water in the world were 13 states, among which 4 republics of the former USSR - Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan (Information source [1] RIA Novosti http://ria.ru/documents / 20100322/21571816. Html # ixzz21pwEGCkR). In addition, the declared IED does not consume traditional electricity, but generates it using solar radiation and wind energy, which ensures environmental protection due to the absence of greenhouse gas emissions, which are emitted in large quantities by traditional thermal power plants. The invention is known RU 2333892 C1, CO2F 1/04 dated 09.20.2008 [2], A method for producing fresh water and a desalination plant for its implementation, which consists in supplying sea water to a desalination plant, heating it, forming a vapor-droplet substance, condensing it and draining it fresh water to the consumer, while the seawater is heated by creating a low-temperature plasma, the combustion of which is accompanied by a frequency-controlled pulsation of an electric discharge, the required plasma burning temperature (500-3000 ° C) and the pool frequency Electric discharge is carried out by adjusting the number of electrodes connected to the network depending on the electrical conductivity of sea water, measured when it is supplied to the desalination plant, the resulting boiling vapor-droplet mixture is cooled and condensed in a refrigerator-feeder, after which desalinated water formed from the plant while sea salts in the form of flakes are deposited on the bottom of the desalination plant, thereby eliminating the formation of scale on the walls of the installation. The disadvantage of this invention is the use of traditional energy sources and the need to create a high temperature for desalination, all this leads to a rise in the cost of desalinated water (discilator).

The invention is known RU 2414379 C1, B63J 1/00, CO2F 1/16 from 03.20.2011 [3], Desalination plant containing a pump for supplying source water, a heater, a condenser, a steam device, connecting lines and valves for supplying source water, draining condensate, brine outlet and gas outlet, it further comprises a heat exchanger, a heater, a brine drain line, a vacuum pump, a diffuser, a throttle installed inside the diffuser, the inlet chamber of the vacuum pump connected to the pressure line of the pump for supplying source water and there is a tangential water supply, and its output chamber is connected to the condenser, an additional capacity connected to the condenser through the condensate drain line, and to the central part of the vacuum pump inlet chamber, gas exhaust valve, steam device. The disadvantages of this desalination plant are the use of traditional sources of electrical energy, design complexity, high energy costs due to the presence of a steam heater, a vacuum pump, and the complexity of maintenance. The invention is known RU 2319668 C2, CO2F 1/04, CO2F 5/02 from 03.20.2008 [4], A water desalination device comprising several heat exchangers connected in series, including a two-section condenser heat exchanger and heat exchangers of distillate collectors connected on one side to the source of desalinated water water and, on the other hand, to the water softener, steam line, water softener, condenser compartment, distillate collectors, vacuum pump, metering tank, storage tank of softened desalinated water, drain valve, fine crystalline sky powder. The disadvantages of this invention are the use of traditional energy sources, the complexity of the design and maintenance and, obviously, the high cost of manufacture. The invention is known RU 2087421 C1, CO2F 1/14 from 08.20.1997 [5], Desalination plant containing a salt water feed tank, valves, supply line; a brine storage tank, a water heater (for example, a solar hot box), a vacuum tube, a condenser (cooling device), a discharge line, a collection tank for fresh water, and the water heating part of the installation should be located at a height of more than 10 m. The disadvantage of this invention is the fact that the water heating part of the installation should be at a height of more than 10 m, and this complicates installation work during installation and its operation. The invention is known RU 2044692 C1, CO2F 1/14 dated 09.27.1995 [6], a desalination plant comprising a housing, a solar radiation concentrator, an evaporation chamber filled with liquid, a central part of the evaporation chamber installed in the focus of the concentrator, a steam pipe, communicating pipelines with a collector distillates, an air vent valve installed in the upper part of the distillate collector, a sun tracking system, low-boiling liquid cylinders, cylinders, support device, hydraulic cylinders, float elements, quotation valves. The main disadvantage of this invention is the complexity of the design, the inconvenience of its operation and the high cost of manufacture. The invention is also known Solar-windmaker, patent RU 2354895 C1, F24J 2/00, F03D 9/00 from 05/10/2009, [7]. The well-known solar-wind desalination plant contains a container for desalinated water, a transparent condenser with a nozzle in its upper part, an opaque condenser, circulation pipelines with a blackened coil, a heat storage substance, a vertical shaft with a power take-off flange, a fixed metal disk, an upper impeller, blades mounted in loop heat exchanger in the form of a solar collector, which is installed at an angle α = 30-45 ° from the vertical, a condenser with a trench, pipelines associated with a fresh water tank s, a pipeline with a valve for supplying salt water, a pipeline for draining brine. The disadvantages of this invention include the inefficient operation of the desalination plant in the absence of wind; a solar collector installed at an angle α = 30-45 ° from the vertical is ineffective in northern latitude greater than 50 °; circulation of a steam-air mixture without a circulation pump is ineffective; a wind turbine mounted on a desalination plant has a low rotation speed at wind speeds of 3 to 5 m / s, which is a typical speed for central Russia; water heating using friction discs can be carried out at a rotation speed of at least 800 rpm, which is difficult to achieve at low wind speeds. This patent is adopted as a prototype as the closest in technical essence to the claimed invention.

The technical result of the declared IED is achieved by improving the reliability and efficiency of using wind and solar energy. The main distinguishing features of the declared IED from the considered analogues and prototype are: firstly, independence from traditional energy sources; secondly, the additional use of solar radiation energy reflected from the parabolic circular reflector of solar radiation, thirdly, the use of solar energy for direct heating of non-freezing heat-transfer fluid, with which desalinated water is heated; fourthly, the conversion of solar energy using FEM located on the outer surface of the external dome into electric, which is used to additionally heat desalinated water and (or) to power various consumers; fifthly, the organization of a vortex air flow in the cavity between the external and internal hemispherical domes, acting on the wind power plant in order to obtain electricity for the needs of IED and other consumers, regardless of the presence of wind, which increases the reliability of IED; sixth, aluminum shavings are used as a heat accumulator, located under a circular cone-shaped solar collector. In addition, IED can supply consumers with warm water, as well as additionally receive sea salt as a result of the desalination of sea water. These differences are technical solutions that determine the energy efficiency and multifunctionality of the use of the claimed invention. Components of IEDs and assembly units are shown in the following figures. In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the IED in a section. In FIG. 2 shows the IED, a top view. In FIG. Figure 3 shows the IED, a view along arrow AA. In FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the management of the IED. The solar-wind desalination plant contains the following main parts, assembly units, devices and devices: external hemispherical dome 1; photoelectronic modules (FEM) 2 located on the outer surface of the outer hemispherical dome 1; the inner hemispherical dome 3, the confuser-diffuser 4, vertically located in the center of the outer hemispherical dome 1, where in the section "aa" in the place where the confuser passes into the diffuser (critical section), a wind-electric installation 5 (wind turbine) is fixed; an internal stationary rotor 6, on which the windings of coils (not shown) are placed; blades 7 of the wind power installation 5; fastenings 8 of the internal stationary rotor 6; an external rotating rotor 9, in which on the inner surface there are niode magnets (not shown); pressure sensor (vacuum) (DC) 10; a cavity 11 between the outer hemispherical dome 1 and the inner hemispherical dome 3; circular tray 12 for desalinated water; temperature sensor (DT) 13 desalinated water; pipeline 14 for desalinated water; solenoid valve 15 for desalinated water pipeline 14; a vacuum pump 16 for pumping out desalinated water and removing part of the steam from the cavity (B) of the inner hemispherical dome 3; parabolic circular reflector of solar radiation 17; desalinated water heat exchanger 18; tank 19 of heat exchanger 18 for desalinated water; a nozzle with a faucet 20 for supplying hot water; a pipe with a tap 21 for supplying desalinated water; a nozzle with a tap 22 for supplying cold water; curved plate 23; support post 24; lithium battery pack (LACB) 25; circulation pump 26; cylindrical evaporation basin 27 for desalinated water 28 (marine, highly mineralized or contaminated); round tray 29 (at least one or more) for collecting brine and its natural evaporation or for collecting residues after desalination of highly mineralized or contaminated water; heat electric heater 30 (TEN); a heater manifold 31 for heating desalinated water 28; spherical bottom 32 of the evaporative cylindrical basin 27; a pipe with a tap 33 for draining the brine from the cylindrical pool 27; a grill 34 supporting a heater manifold 31; pipe 35 for supplying desalinated water 28; inverter 36; electronic control panel (EPU) 37; discharge charge controller (KZR) 38 lithium rechargeable batteries (LAKB) 25; a lower annular cover 39 of a circular cone-shaped solar collector 42; thermal insulation 40 of the lower annular cover 39 of the circular cone-shaped solar collector 42 and the spherical bottom 32; heat storage aluminum chips 41; circular cone-shaped solar collector 42; windows for air intake 43; a hole for draining rainwater 44 from a parabolic circular reflector of solar radiation 17; tubular spiral heat sink 45; a cone-shaped support 46 acting as a heat-receiving panel of a tubular spiral cone-shaped heat receiver 45, the cone-shaped support 46 having the form of a truncated cone, the outer surface of which is coated with highly selective paint; transparent thermal insulation 47 of a circular cone-shaped solar collector 42; circular air swirl 48; transparent conical cover 49, made in the form of a truncated cone. Solar-wind desalination plant operates as follows. The cylindrical evaporation pool 27 is filled through the pipe 35 with desalinated water 28. Solar radiation, penetrating through the transparent cone-shaped cover 49 and the transparent thermal insulation 47 of the circular cone-shaped solar collector 42, heats the heat-transfer non-freezing liquid (not indicated) in the tubular spiral heat receiver 45 (Fig. 1). At the same time, solar radiation acts on the FEM 2, while generating electric energy, which is accumulated by the LAKB 25 through the charge-discharge controller 38. In the presence of wind, the incoming air flow through the windows 43 enters the circular swirler 48. Using curved plates 23, the air flow is directed under angle of 30 ° -45 ° (Fig. 2) in the cavity 11, thus, a vortex flow is organized in the cavity 11 between the outer 1 and inner 2 hemispherical domes. This vortex flow is accelerated due to the difference between the input area of the windows 43 and the area at the exit in section "aa" of the confuser-diffuser 4 (Fig. 1). In the cavity 11, a swirling air flow passes between the outer hemispherical dome 1 and the inner hemispherical dome 3, where it is heated by removing heat from the FEM 2, which is heated by solar radiation, and heat is also removed from the outer surface of the inner hemispherical dome 3, which, in turn, heated from the inner surface of the inner hemispherical dome by 3 pairs of desalinated water 28. It should be noted that the inner surface of the inner hemispherical dome 3 is a condensing surface Stu for desalination of water vapor 28 located in the cavity (B) (FIG. 1), so that the internal cooling of the inner surface of the hemispherical dome 3 by cooling the outer surface is a key process in operation SVOU the destination. The eddy air stream heated in this way with increased speed enters the confuser-diffuser 4, where it is additionally accelerated in the confuser part of the confuser-diffuser 4, in the critical section “aa” (Fig. 1) of which the wind power installation is located 5. Accelerated eddy air flow in the critical section, “aa” acts on the blades 7 of the wind turbine 5, which are rotationally driven together by an external rotor 9 on which permanent magnets (not shown) are placed. In the interaction of magnets and windings of coils (not shown) located on the internal stationary rotor 6, electricity is generated, which is stored in LAKB 25. In the absence of wind, the wind power installation 5 also continues to function. In this case, the vortex air flow will be formed only due to the temperature difference at the inlet to the windows 43 and at the outlet of the confuser-diffuser 4. The vortex air stream is also heated in the cavity 11 between the outer hemispherical dome 1 and the inner hemispherical dome 3. Desalinated water 28 V the cylindrical evaporation basin 27 is heated in two ways. The first method involves heating the desalinated water 28 with a circular cone-shaped solar collector 42. Solar radiation, amplified by a parabolic circular reflector of solar radiation 17, penetrates through a transparent conical cover 49 and transparent thermal insulation 47 of the circular conical solar collector 42 and heats its tubular spiral heat sink 45 with non-freezing heat transfer fluid. Non-freezing heat-transfer fluid heated by solar radiation in a tubular spiral heat receiver 45 is supplied through a circulation pump 26 to the collector of heat heater 31, which heats the desalinated water 28. At the same time, solar radiation transmits heat to the cone-shaped support 46 using a highly selective paint with which it is painted. The cone-shaped support 46, in turn, transfers heat to the aluminum heat-accumulating shavings 41, and then this heat through the wall of the cylindrical evaporation pool 27 heats the desalinated water 28. The second method of heating the desalinated water 28 in the cylindrical evaporation pool 27 occurs using thermoelectric heaters 30 (two and more), which are connected via EPU 37 to LAKB 25 by the signal of the temperature sensor 13. It should be noted that LAKB 25 are charged through KZR 38 with electricity generated by FEM 2 and wind turbines 5, and when there is no Due to solar radiation, the LAKB 25 charge constantly comes from wind turbines 5. Heated desalinated water 28 is evaporated in any way, and the resulting vapor, in turn, settles on the inner surface of the inner hemispherical dome 3, cooled by a vortex flow, which passes in the cavity 11 between the outer 1 and inner 3 hemispherical caps. Then, the desalinated water condensed from the steam flows along the surface of the inner hemispherical dome 3 cooled by a vortex of air into a circular tray 12 located around the perimeter at the base of the inner hemispherical dome 3. By the signal of the pressure (vacuum) sensor 10, which is activated when the pressure in the cavity (B ) by 1.15 more than one atmosphere, EPU 37 includes a vacuum pump 16. Simultaneously with the activation of the vacuum pump 16, the solenoid valve 15 opens, and purified desalinated water from the circular tray, as well as there is steam from the cavity (B) of the inner hemispherical dome 3, is fed through a pipe 14 to the heat exchanger 18. In the heat exchanger 18, the steam condenses into water, giving off heat to the water in the heat exchanger tank 19. Cold water is supplied to the heat exchanger tank 19 through a pipe with a valve 22 The heated water in the heat exchanger tank 19 is used for consumer needs through a branch pipe with a faucet 20. Desalinated (purified) water and part of the steam removed from the cavity (B) of the inner hemispherical dome 3 reduce the pressure inside the hemispherical dome and 20% -25% lower than atmospheric. The magnitude of this pressure, the pressure sensor (vacuum) 10 sends a signal through the electronic control panel 37 to turn off the vacuum pump 16 (Fig. 4) and close the solenoid valve 15, thereby providing a vacuum and low boiling point of desalinated water, thereby increasing the rate of vaporization. Intensive vaporization increases the pressure inside the cavity (B) (Fig. 1) of the inner hemispherical cap 3 to a value equal to 1.15 atmospheres, at this moment, by the signal of the pressure sensor (vacuum) 10 through the EPU 37, the vacuum pump 16 and the electrovalve 15 are turned on opens, the process repeats. The heating temperature of the desalinated water 28 is regulated by the temperature sensor 13. The temperature sensor 13 includes through the EPU 37 (Fig 1, Fig. 4) a heat electric heater (TEN) 30 in the event that the temperature of the desalinated water is insufficient for intensive vaporization. The energy efficiency of IED is enhanced by the use of heat-accumulating aluminum chips 41 and thermal insulation 40, which increase the heating efficiency of desalinated water after the end of exposure to solar radiation by reducing heat loss. The brine obtained after the desalination of water is removed from the spherical bottom 32 by means of a nozzle with a tap for draining the brine 33. The spherical shape of the bottom 32 allows for better collection of heavy brine fractions. The brine is poured into round trays 29, where it naturally evaporates to form a dry precipitate (salt or other substances), which can be used by industry or disposed of. The use of electricity generated by FEM 2 and wind turbines 5 by other consumers is carried out using an inverter 36 that converts the direct current received from FEM 2 and wind turbines 5 into a current voltage of 220 V 50 Hz. The accumulation of electric energy occurs in LAKB 25, the charge of which occurs through the charge-discharge controller 38. The entire process of water desalination, temperature control and monitoring of electricity production using FEM 2 and wind turbines 5 is carried out by the electronic control panel 37. The design of the IED is held on the support racks 24. Thus, a desalination plant, a circular cone-shaped solar collector, photoelectronic modules, a circular air flow swirl, wind-electric are combined in a single design of the IED installation, which, working together in an automated mode, solve the following problems: obtaining desalinated and warm water, generating electricity, thereby ensuring energy efficiency and multifunctionality.

List of cited information sources

1. RIA News: [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ria.ru/documents/20100322/21571816. html # ixzz21pwEGCkR.

2. A method for producing fresh water and a desalination plant for its implementation, patent for invention RU 2333892 C1, CO2F 1/04 dated 09/20/2008.

3. Desalination plant patent for the invention RU 2414379 C1, B63J 1/00, CO2F 1/16 from 03/20/2011.

4. Device for desalination of water, patent for the invention RU 2319668 C2, CO2F 1/04, CO2F 5/02 from 03/20/2008.

5. Desalination plant, patent for the invention RU 2087421 C1, CO2 F1 / 14 from 08.20.1997.

6. Solar desalination plant, patent for invention RU 2044692 C1, CO2F 1/14 dated 09/27/1995.

7. Solar-windmaker, patent RU 2354895 C1, F24J 2/00, F03D 9/00 dated 05/10/2009.

Claims (3)

1. A solar-wind desalination plant containing pipelines for supplying desalinated water, a nozzle with a tap for draining the brine, a circulation pump, a heat electric heater, characterized in that it further comprises a circular cone-shaped solar collector including a tubular spiral heat receiver, a cone-shaped support, transparent thermal insulation and transparent conical cover, external hemispherical dome, photovoltaic modules, internal hemispherical dome, confuser-diffuser, wind electric installation, external rotating rotor, internal stationary rotor, cavity located between the external hemispherical dome and the internal hemispherical dome, circular tray, temperature sensor, pressure sensor (vacuum), vacuum pump, electrovalve, heater manifold, parabolic circular reflector of solar radiation, heat exchanger tank intended for desalinated water, a window for air intake, a circular swirler, a cylindrical evaporation basin, a grate of a heater manifold, a spherical bottom, inverter, electronic control panel, charge-discharge controller, bottom ring cover, thermal insulation, round brine collecting tray; the heat storage agent is made in the form of aluminum chips, the heat exchanger is designed for desalinated water. 2. The solar-wind desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that neodymium magnets are located on the inner surface of the outer rotating rotor, and the coil windings are located on the outer surface of the inner fixed rotor. 3. The solar-wind desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire structure is held on supporting posts.

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