RU2562311C2 - Method of cable-belt assembly of arc spans - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method relates to the field of construction and is designed for assembly of large structures by labour saving devices. Drastically reduces mass of the structure and time of its assembly. A stretched frame belt is formed between supports temporarily separated by height. The lifted end side is lowered into the lower position, providing for directed compression of the frame belt. In process of this technical operation the frame belt randomly bends and assembles into an arc span.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the method.

2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to methods and devices specifically designed for the assembly and construction of both arched bridges and other arched building structures.

State of the art

A patent information search was carried out on this application, which showed that the claimed invention has no analogue from the existing level of technology.

Disclosure of invention

Existing prefabricated methods for erecting arched span structures, as a rule, are distinguished by a long duration of work and high laboriousness, which is primarily due to the complexity of the methods used to implement technical tasks.

Prefabricated elements of such structures are large, massive products, since even at the stage of their manufacture they are given the necessary strength characteristics, which should provide a given bearing load of the prefabricated prefabricated structure. To work with such products, the use of heavy transport and lifting equipment is always required.

Methods of sequential movement of the bridge or its sections using inventory metal formwork require frequent and sufficiently long technological stops associated with the need to withstand the required maturing time of concrete mixtures.

A common disadvantage of arched span structures erected by these methods is their relatively low bearing capacity with respect to their own mass of such structures. In most cases, this does not allow giving arches a gentle curvature, which is especially important when designing arch structures with large spans.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed invention are directed are the technological simplification of the assembly process and a significant reduction in the assembly time of arched span structures, with the aim of creating ample opportunities for the construction of substantially lightened arch span structures with shallow arches (arches), with large spans, and with high values of useful bearing capacity in relation to its own mass.

These tasks are solved using the method of cable-and-tape assembly of arch span structures. This method allows you to form an extended frame tape between temporarily spaced supports, and then, by lowering the raised end side to the lower position, provide the frame tape with directional compression, during which it involuntarily bends and is assembled into an arched span structure.

For the formation of the frame tape can be used typesetting elements from relatively light, but sufficiently strong composite materials, which can consist of repeatedly alternating reinforcing and damping layers.

The reinforcing layer can be made on the basis of fiberglass or carbon fiber mesh.

The damping layer can be made on the basis of extruded polystyrene foam.

Formed from such composite materials, the carcass tape, after its assembly into an arched span structure, is capable of perceiving, efficiently dispersing and transferring to supports not only uniformly static or variable-dynamic payloads, but also point-impact loads. The values of such loads can be 150-200 MPa.

The width and length of this design can reach several kilometers.

The implementation of the invention

The technical implementation of the method consists of three successive steps, which are reflected in FIG. one.

At the first stage, the rope system is tensioned.

Previously, on the ropes, to perform subsequent control, at a certain distance from the points of their initial attachment, marks are applied corresponding to the length of the arch arc, which they will subsequently cover.

The ropes are securely attached to the support 1 in two horizontal planes and thrown to the support 2, to which a temporary auxiliary structure 3 is previously attached.

Temporary auxiliary construction allows:

- temporarily distribute the supports in height;

- to pull the ropes between the supports spaced apart in height;

- form a stretched frame tape 4;

- lower along the inclined plane the lower end face of the raised edge of the stretched frame tape from point 5 to point 6.

To solve these problems, a movable plate 7 is fixed on the abutment plane of the support 2, which has the ability to move in height along the inclined plane of the temporary auxiliary structure and which can work both in separation and in compression.

The upper row of ropes is the bearing. It is designed for fastening typesetting elements and must withstand the weight of a fully assembled frame tape, taking into account possible additional loads.

The bottom row of ropes is supportive. It is designed to fix typesetting elements and ensure their stable vertical position under lateral loads.

Tightened ropes should have uniform sagging (if assembly of multi-section structures with different curvature parameters is not required).

At the second stage, all the necessary structural typesetting elements are refueled into the tightened rope system with their longitudinal and transverse coupling with each other. The stretched frame tape thus formed should sag freely on the tensioned ropes, while the lower end faces of the frame tape should be as close as possible to the stop points 5 and 8.

In the third stage, the bending and assembly of the frame tape into an arched span structure is performed.

This operation is performed by directionally compressing the lower faces of the end faces of the frame tape at points 5 and 8. This compression is achieved by forcibly inclining the lowering of the movable plate, in which the raised end side of the frame tape, together with the movable plate, moves from point 5 to point 6. In this case, the other end side of the frame tape with its lower face constantly abuts against point 8.

In the process of performing this operation, the carcass tape involuntarily bends in the opposite direction and is assembled into an arched span structure 9 with a given value of the radius of curvature.

When lowering the frame tape, the slack that appears at the supporting ropes is constantly selected.

A possible assembly of the typesetting elements of the frame tape is shown in figure 2 (top view), where 10 is a rope system, 11 is the shape of the typesetting elements of the frame tape.

Successful implementation of all stages of cable-and-tape assembly of arch span structures is ensured by:

- exact removal of points 6 and 8 in kind;

- correspondence of the angles of inclination of the thrust plane of the supports 1 and 2 to the calculated values;

- the correct selection of technical characteristics of ropes and drive mechanisms;

- the choice of the optimal size of the typesetting elements and their strength characteristics;

- high accuracy of linear and angular values of typesetting elements.

When the above conditions are met, the method of cable-and-tape assembly of arch span structures allows you to successfully solve the tasks.

For mass implementation of the method requires:

- development of standard forms of typesetting elements with a wide range of sizes and strength characteristics;

- factory production of typesetting elements;

- development of applications to existing three-dimensional modeling programs (Compass-3D, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD), allowing to calculate and select the best option for component materials using a set of source data.

Industrial applicability

The method of cable-and-tape assembly of arch span structures has:

- breadth of application (can be used in transport, industrial, civil and military construction);

- technical simplicity and accessibility (does not require the involvement of heavy transport and lifting equipment);

- low labor intensity (it is technically possible to perform work even for one person);

- high assembly speed (you can build large arched span structures in the shortest possible time);

- the breadth of design capabilities (allows you to collect and dock structures with different spans and radii of curvature);

- autonomy and mobility (does not require the use of power supply systems and access to utilities; it can be used in remote and inaccessible areas);

- universality (typesetting elements with specified characteristics can be made, including, by a handicraft method using available materials and using only hand tools);

- high maintainability (allows you to replace individual typesetting structural elements without practically reducing the strength and load-bearing characteristics of the entire structure).

Claims (1)

The method of cable-and-tape assembly of arch span structures, characterized in that it includes fastening and pulling the ropes between the spacing points of the supports, fastening the elements to the ropes with the formation of the stretched frame tape, then compressing and bending the tape by lowering the raised end face of the frame tape.

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