RU2561124C1 - Method of erection of vertical cylindrical wells and extraction combine for method implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: extraction combine contains the triangular platform fitted with three dual caterpillars with individual electric drives capable to move around a vertical axis in the pre-set direction; a starting frame to which guides for movement on them of bearing frames are fastened; a bearing spreader bar of the triangular platform with either one, or two drilling heads moving on it, connected with scoops and fixed on them by throwing sprockets; a receiving hopper for collecting and reload of landwaste into a chain bucket built-up by modular sections with drilling down the soil; the conveyor with adjustable inclination transferring the landwaste lifted by the chain bucket to unloading, injector blocks for pumping of bentonite into water-saturated soil for its fixing.

EFFECT: improvement of processability of erection of vertical cylindrical wells.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining equipment, in particular to the manufacture of open underground structures using the “top-down” method with the possibility of building above them ground structures for various purposes: underground, ground and combined car parkings, storage facilities, industrial production facilities, etc. in urban areas or under other restrictions on the size of the construction site and the structure itself.

The wall-in-ground method is known and widely used in the world of construction practice, in which the well contour is limited along the perimeter by concrete columns arranged in the ground, metal, composite or plastic profiles, after which the soil inside the contour is removed using the well-known excavation technique ( excavators, grabs, conveyors, etc.). To fix water-saturated soils, the method of cementing them by injection of bentonite is used. To raise loose soil to a technological height, there are a large number of various construction equipment, such as loaders, excavators, conveyors, elevators, etc.

There is a known technique for strengthening the walls of tunnels, shafts and wells with structures assembled from tubing or using the formation of a monolithic concrete shell between the soil and the formwork, which are carried out after the stage of loosening the wood and removing it from the shaft or well.

In the manufacture of vertical wells, pits or mines, the presence of a temporary gap between the stage of loosening the soil and strengthening the walls creates a risk of collapse (shedding) of the walls and falling asleep of the entire tunnel complex with the possibility of its failure.

A known method of strengthening the soil before its development in various ways using the machine for jet cementation of soils SANY SJ510 http://www.sanyr.ru/m/products/product31/.

The well-known SANY SJ510 drilling rig is designed for jet injection of bentonite, mounted on a self-propelled caterpillar chassis, and the bentonite solution is injected into the fixed soil through a special drill head fixed on a rod of a certain length, and the configuration of the injection area of the bentonite solution can be changed due to the inclination.

A disadvantage of the known drilling rig is that the existing structures limit the depth of injection of bentonite and, if necessary, work in a well of limited diameter, the depth of which exceeds the depth of the bentonite-saturated zone, you have to remove the digging unit, install the bentonite rig, which is then removed again to be replaced by the digging unit, which almost impossible.

A known 1GPKS tunneling machine from mehanik.com.ua/load/kombain_prokhodcheskij_1gpks_s_gidroprivodom_khod ovoj_chasti / 8-1-0-173, designed for horizontal or inclined mine workings, with a crawler-type chassis suitable for maneuvering a combine for loading, from a loading machine, masses on the conveyor and its evacuation, and a working body with a cone type drill head. The disadvantage of the combine is the impossibility of loosening the soil in a circle of small diameter with the selection of wood from under the combine itself, the inability to work in conditions of an in-depth limited construction site and the inadequacy of the design of the combine for transporting broken rock from the depth of the well vertically.

Known noriya belt bucket U13UN175 - www.komsomol., Lifting soil with a bucket excavator, the tape of which is placed in two (ascending and descending) boxes, excluding the outpouring of soil. The specified noriya, like its similar devices, is manufactured in certain dimensions and does not provide for a change (increase) in the height of soil transportation provided that the noriya is lowered into a well or shaft following a deepening earth moving unit.

A well-known stem-boring combine harvester (Mountain Encyclopedia. M. Soviet Encyclopedia. Edited by EA Kozlovsky. 1984-1991. Geolog / 4824 /) is known, the essence of the work of which is that the rock repelled by the executive body is mixed with water , and the pulp thus formed is evacuated from the developed cavity of the trunk. When deepening, a stem-harvester goes down on the ropes of winches mounted on the surface. The design of the combine provides the possibility of concrete lining the shaft of the mine.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the excavation of soil or destroyed rock in the form of pulp, which during the construction of a well (mine) requires a large additional water supply, evacuation of the pulp, environmental treatment of the pulp, a large amount of transport for its removal, i.e. operations, the provision of which is saturated with buildings within a residential zone, is expensive and often unacceptable.

The disadvantages of the prototype should also include the inability of the combine to perform hydraulic protection of the cavity of the shaft of the mine from a breakthrough of groundwater, the small compactness of its components, which complicates its transportation, as well as the significant size of the construction site, often unacceptable for a specific urban development.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a mechanized method of constructing vertical cylindrical wells of the required depth and a fixed ordered diameter, lined with a continuous concrete shell or a shell of prefabricated tubing by using a mining combine that allows construction in a limited construction site, for example, inside a city building that allows for synchronized in time with the main driving cycle lining the wall of the well tubing or monolithic reinforced concrete, as well as, if necessary, saturation of the excavation zone with bentonite mortar in order to waterproof the inner cavity of the well, carried out using compact units and assemblies, transported and stored in standard containers that are used for production rooms (workshops , change houses, warehouses, etc.).

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in improving the manufacturability of the construction of vertical cylindrical wells with tubing or reinforced concrete wall lining by using a mining combine that combines in its design most of the functions currently implemented by individual machines and assemblies, and therefore achieve a synergistic effect, manifested in a compact arrangement equipment at the construction site and minimizing the size of the construction site itself, the possibility of erected I plant in the conditions of existing densely built with minimal impact on limiting the operation of existing services, organizations, workers and residents; reducing the time of work, reducing the number of staff, the ability to reuse all modules of the complex.

In addition, the invention is aimed at expanding the field of use, since the proposed design for attaching additional modular sections of the elevator allows the construction of a well of any depth with the corresponding depth of the combine.

In addition, the invention is aimed at expanding the field of use, since the replacement of the bearing beam and support frames with the same type of other dimensions allows you to create a unified series of machines for the construction of wells of a certain range of diameters.

In addition, the invention is aimed at reducing the cost of arranging a construction site, since for this purpose transport containers can be used in which components of an earth moving machine are transported.

When using briquetting of recovered soil, the costs of arranging the area around the manufactured well can be reduced by using earthen briquettes, as well as the costs of removing and disposing of unused recovered soil.

A mining combine for the construction of vertical cylindrical wells, which contains working bodies for crushing soil, a device for moving and lifting soil to the surface and strengthening walls, is disclosed. It includes a triangular platform equipped with three twin tracked tracks with individual electric drives, capable of moving around a vertical axis and in a given direction; a starting frame to which the guides are attached to move the support frames along them; the bearing beam of a triangular platform with either one or two drill heads moving along it connected to scoops and sprocket-throwers fixed to them; a receiving funnel for collecting and reloading the pulp into the elevator, built up by modular sections as they deepen into the ground; a conveyor with an adjustable slope, transferring the dead wood raised by noriya for unloading, injection blocks for pumping bentonite into water-saturated soil for fixing it.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the inventive mining combine in the position when the digging of the well is completed and there is a disassembly and element-wise extraction of machine parts to the surface, where:

1 - platform:

2 - double caterpillar moves;

3 - guides;

4 - drill head;

5 - scoop;

6 - throwing stars;

7 - belt conveyor;

8 - receiving funnel;

9 - noriya;

10 - supporting frames;

11 - compensation unit;

12 - starting frame;

13 - injection blocks;

14 - cross over casings;

15 - supporting concrete ring;

16 - the lowest support frame, which is simultaneously a platform for concreting (concrete deck);

17 - guides.

In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a manufactured well,

Where:

18 - walls of a well from monolithic concrete or tubing;

19 - a collector for collecting liquid (condensate);

20 - briquetted wood, which filled the space previously occupied by the drilling unit of the mining complex.

In FIG. 3 shows an example of the logistics of the components of the claimed device, providing for the dismantling of the mining combine into units that will be placed for transportation in standard containers, which after assembly of the combine will be used as utility building premises.

The technology for constructing vertical cylindrical wells consists in loosening and lifting the soil to the surface, strengthening the walls by creating a shell made of prefabricated tubing or monolithic concrete. Pre-fortified with bentonizing mortar, the soil is loosened to the required depth, moving the harvester in diameter. Loosened soil (pulp) is continuously picked up by scoop devices and without turning it into pulp, it is evacuated first by belt conveyors into a rotating receiving funnel, and from it onto the surface by a non-rotating pre-assembled noriya, which is built up by modular sections as the combine goes deeper, while the assembled noria is fixed along the axis of the formed well cavities with special support frames. The constant deepening of the complex and the elevator into the ground during the step-by-step elevation of the elevator with new modules ensures continuous evacuation of the dead wood (with the exception of the stopping time for changeover) due to the presence on the elevator end of the conveyor with a variable slope, which picks up the dead wood released by the noria at any position relative to the upper cut of the well. Raised soil is either taken out, or if necessary, briquetted for subsequent filling of the internal cavities of the well, and the wall of the well during the work is strengthened with prefabricated tubing or fill the space between the soil and the formwork installed on the supporting frame (concrete deck), quick-hardening concrete. Soil can be fed for unloading to a dump, directly to a dump truck or to a briquetting machine for extracted soil. Briquettes can be used in non-responsible construction works as a compact filler of a convenient form directly at the construction site or by other consumers.

For the construction of vertical cylindrical wells of the required depth and a fixed ordered diameter, lined with a continuous concrete shell or a shell made of prefabricated tubing, a specialized self-propelled crawler excavator is used, equipped with one or two drill heads, equipped with a soil selection system, and injection blocks to strengthen the bentonite surrounding soil a solution at any depth of its location, while the evacuation of wood to the surface is carried out the composition of this machine with conveyor belts and a prefabricated noriya, the sections of which grow as the machine deepens and are fixed with special support frames in the cavity of the well, and, if necessary, the raised soil can either be taken outside the construction site or briquetted for subsequent filling with earth briquettes of the provided internal cavities the well and other objects, and the wall of the well is reinforced with prefabricated tubing or subjected to continuous reinforced concrete lining, made with special concrete n-deck combine.

All components and assemblies of the machine are manufactured in a modular design and are transported assembled in standard containers, which during the construction process can serve for storage, repair and domestic purposes (Fig. 3).

A mining machine is generally depicted in FIG. 1. The basis of the mining combine is a platform 1, which can be moved on three twin crawler tracks 2, each of which is driven by its own electric motor. Dual caterpillar moves 2 allow the platform to rotate around the vertical axis of the well being created, and the platform itself can tilt relative to the vertical. This ability is used to adjust the position of the vertical axis of the machine relative to the axis of the well. Guides 3 are fixed on the platform 1, along which one or two drill heads 4 (in this case, one) moves. The drill head 4 can be sequentially fixed on the rails 3 in various positions, which allows you to loosen the soil on the entire area of the processed bottom of the well. In each fixed position of the drill head 4, the platform 1 makes a complete revolution around the vertical axis, while the drill head 4 loosens the soil to a depth of 300 mm. The loosened soil (wood) by the scoop 5 and the throwing asterisks 6 fixed on it is thrown onto the composite belt conveyor 7, which delivers the soil to the receiving funnel 8. Into the receiving funnel 8. The noria 9 enters its receiving funnel 8, while it rests on ball shoulder mounted on the receiving funnel 8. In this case, the platform 1 can rotate about its vertical axis, common with noriya 9, but the noriya 9 itself is fixed from rotation by the supporting frames 10 and can only move in the vertical direction as far as deepening the machine down. The design of the elevator 9 includes a compensation unit 11, which is a folding conveyor, capable of compensating for the height difference during the opening of the additional sections of the elevator 9, which was formed when the elevator 9 was built up due to the deepening of the combine. The coupling of the additional sections of the elevators for the purpose of pouring the soil from the conveyor of the lower section to the upper one is carried out with the help of the cross over casings 14, which make it possible to interlink multidirectional boxes of the additional sections. The support frames 10, originally assembled on the starting frame 12 in a package, are successively lowered through the starting frame 12 into the cavity of the well as it is deepened. The starting frame 12 is mounted on a support concrete ring 15 preformed at the well site, the inner diameter of which allows the earthmoving machine and the support frames 10 to pass through it. The first, lowest support frame 16 is at the same time a site for concreting (concrete deck) and contains the devices necessary for this operation. All support frames 10 are interconnected by guides 17 and are able to telescopically shift relative to each other by a certain amount vertically. The support frame 10 closest to the surface is connected with the starting frame 12. The support frames 10 are moved as the combine deepens. For the duration of concrete work or for other technological needs, the support frames 10 can be fixed on the vertical concrete wall of the well after it is cured, for which purpose the reinforcement is arranged in the required place. Injection blocks 13 are also installed on the platform 1, which in case of danger of the well crossing aquifers are used to install a waterproof bentonite barrier in the area of the bottom of the well. Injection blocks 13 squirt the necessary area around the well, injecting bentonite into it, while the drill head 4 is brought out of contact with the ground, and the platform 1 is rotated around a vertical axis.

In addition to the described main units, on the earthmoving machine, depending on the particular design, devices (systems) for emergency rescue of personnel during force majeure can be placed: ventilation, gas analysis, fire extinguishing, water pumping, lighting, signaling equipment, hydraulic power station, diesel generator, electric cables , oil hoses, cement and bentonite supply lines, consoles and control equipment.

Access roads for vehicles and an overpass for loading soil for export, or to a briquetting press, should be equipped on the territory of the construction site.

After choosing a construction site and issuing the necessary permits for work, the provided area is cleaned up, the existing communications are transferred and the concrete support ring 15 is constructed by traditional methods, inside which a recess is made in which the combine is assembled. The construction site is enclosed by empty containers for transporting the components of the combine, in which cabins, a first-aid post, a dry closet, storage rooms and a repair shop are arranged. In free space, a diesel generator is installed, a transformer substation (if necessary), equipment for maintaining and pumping concrete and bentonite mortar into the main line, an overpass for loading the extracted soil into vehicles or into a briquetting press. Equipped with a place for temporary storage of excess extracted soil. Around the assembled harvester, a starting frame 12 is arranged and fixed on the support ring 15, which is connected to the package of support frames 10. The extraction combine, if necessary, injects the bentonite solution in the bottom of the excavation, as well as to the sides with the help of injection blocks 13. B in technologically justified cases, injection blocks can be removed, and the jet grouting process to a depth of 16 meters can be performed by the SANY SAJ 510 machine.

The distribution area of the bentonite solution in the soil, which arose at the same time from one injector (syringe), is conventionally taken as a cylinder with a diameter of 3000 mm and a height of 4000 mm. After excavation, a layer fixed by bentonite around the perimeter of the well and under its bottom should be at least 1500 mm. When injecting, the platform 1 makes one revolution around the vertical axis on the caterpillar tracks 2, injecting the soil with syringes so that the injection areas overlap each other (the size of the overlap is worked out depending on the soil characteristics). After standing for the time necessary to cure bentonite, the combine begins to loosen the soil with a drill head 4 set to the maximum radius of the well, while simultaneously rotating on track tracks 2 around a vertical axis. The loosened soil is picked up by a scoop 5 with the help of throwing asterisks 6 is thrown onto a conveyor belt 7, which is delivered to a receiving funnel 8, from where it is evacuated to the surface by a noriya 9. When loosening a pound, the drill head 4 and the scoop 5 conjugated with it with sprocket-throwers 6 oscillate in the horizontal plane, which is why the soil of the bottom of the well is selected by a strip. After one full revolution of the platform 1, the machine stops, the drill head 4 is rearranged to the second position, and the machine again makes one full revolution, choosing a smaller strip of soil. Further, at the third position of the drill head 4, in the manner described, a strip of soil is selected in the center of the bottom, including under the center of the platform 1. For one complete described cycle, the combine is deepened by the depth of the cutter cone (about 300 mm). Several cycles of such deepening allow the walls to be reinforced with prefabricated tubing or concreting the formed wall of the well, which is carried out using sliding formwork according to a separate technological process, and the necessary equipment and equipment are placed on concrete deck 16. As the combine deepens, the supporting frames 10 from the package, one after another, they descend into the well, moving relative to each other within the guides 17, as a result of which conditions are created for building the elevator 9 sections, and the additional sections themselves are fixed in the cavity of the well by supporting frames 10, if necessary fixed on its hardened concrete wall. The mismatch of the additional sections of the elevators 9 in height is selected by the compensation unit 11.

When the calculated depth is reached, the combine inside the well is disassembled into components that are removed to the surface by a truck crane.

The remaining void is piled up with pre-extracted, temporarily stored soil (wood) or laid with earthen briquettes from this soil, after which the well bottom is concreted with an intake device for collecting liquid and other technological recesses.

The technical result obtained is expressed in greater efficiency in the construction of vertical cylindrical wells, since a mining combine with compactly located executive bodies is used, which helps to reduce the size of the construction site, which is extremely important when constructing a well inside an existing building, in the presence of briquetting of recoverable soil, the number of trucks involved , allows due to logistic combination of machine functions to fix digging the soil, digging a well and strengthening its wall, the possibility of applying effective labor organization, which can significantly reduce the time of construction of the well and carry out construction without harming others.

Claims (1)

A mining combine for the construction of vertical cylindrical wells, containing working bodies for crushing soil, devices for moving and lifting soil to the surface and strengthening walls, characterized in that it includes a triangular platform equipped with three twin caterpillar tracks with individual electric drives, capable of moving around a vertical axis and in a given direction; a starting frame to which the guides are attached to move the support frames along them; the bearing beam of a triangular platform with either one or two drill heads moving along it connected to scoops and sprocket-throwers fixed to them; receiving funnel for collecting and reloading wood from the noria, which is built up by the modular sections as it goes deeper into the ground, a conveyor with an adjustable inclination that transfers the lifted noria to the unloading, and injection blocks for pumping bentonite into water-saturated soil to fix it.

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