RU2560942C1 - Method for maintenance and protection of power transmission lines from undesirable vegetation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: vegetation is treated with herbicides by contact spraying. The preparation is prepared before usage. An analysis of the vegetation physiological state, its species composition, height and volume, degree of the area bogginess, its micro- and macro-relief is performed preliminarily. The preparation is applied onto the top of the vegetation, bottom-up, at an angle preventing lamina tearing off. Next year, upon melting of the snow cover, right-of-ways are treated with an aqueous solution of fertilisers on the basis of N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀-N₉₅P₂₈K_110. The analysis of the vegetation physiological state, its species composition, height and volume is performed. The protected area is divided into areas with the vegetation fit for mowing and the vegetation unfit for mowing. At the first areas the vegetation is removed mechanically. At the second areas the vegetation is treated with herbicides by contact spraying. An aqueous solution of Roundup on the basis of 1.1-1.4 l/ha is used as the herbicide. The solution is applied from top to bottom.

EFFECT: effective ardium.

Description

The invention relates to forestry and agriculture and can be used in the operation of alienated territories, for example, glades under electric transmission lines (power lines).

Mineralization of the soil in taiga conditions contributes to the rapid overgrowing of free territories with tree species. Tillage, especially in remote areas, requires specialized equipment. The company must either purchase it or rent it from agricultural organizations, which increases the cost of production of enterprises.

A known method of maintaining clearing under the communication lines of electric transmissions (see application RU No. 93054304/15, IPC A01G 23/00). Trees are treated with a herbicide using an injector or ringed with saws. After dying, the treated plants are cut off at soil level. The essence of the method is based on the competition that exists between woody and shrubby vegetation. Shrubs, having created a canopy, suppress seedlings of tree species, thereby preventing the formation of tree self-seeding and thereby prevent overgrowth overgrowth. During the construction of industrial facilities, such as power lines, alienated territory is planted with shrubs. If the undergrowth does not sufficiently tint the soil, shrubs are replanted.

In Siberia, planting shrubs in alienated territories is not economically feasible. A significant amount of planting material will be required, allowing you to create a closed canopy, a significant number of workers to carry out these works. In addition, under Siberian conditions, shrubbery under good illumination can grow more than a meter during the growing season, which can pose a certain threat to technological equipment. In particular, in the middle taiga subzone, aspen growing in Ia class boniteta, under 10 years old, had an average growth of 0.63 m, willow class 1 bonitet at the age of 5-10 years old had an average annual increase of up to 1.2 meters. From the above data it follows that shrubbery by 5-6 years old is able to grow up to 3-6 meters.

It is necessary to carry out replanting after a certain time, when the free surface is visually visible. There is no guarantee that at this time this area did not turn out to be sown with woody vegetation or the roots of woody plants did not penetrate the soil.

For the safe operation of the enterprise, it is necessary to constantly maintain free access and access to technological equipment. An overgrown shrub in Siberia poses a real threat to wire closure, especially in the summer, when the wires sag. Shrub prevents visual inspection of power lines and other equipment. Shrub vegetation really hinders the free access to equipment. In remote areas, the bush attracts forest animals as a resting place, in particular snakes, which poses a real threat to the personnel of enterprises.

There is also a method of combating unwanted vegetation by treating plants and / or the surface from which the plants should be removed with an herbicidally active amount of a solid herbicidal mixture (RU Patent No. 2203548, IPC A01N 47/36, A01N 25/12, 02/02/1998) .

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of dosing a solid substrate, part of the drug under its own weight falls from the leaf surface of undesirable vegetation. There is a high probability of contamination of groundwater by this drug, especially during active precipitation. Near villages and villages, children or pets are able to receive chemical poisoning.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of cleaning alienated territories from unwanted vegetation (RU, patent No. 2405293, IPC A01M 21/00, 01/11/2009). The method includes treating the vegetation with an aqueous solution of a herbicide, for example, roundup. The drug is prepared immediately before use. After assigning the site and determining the species composition of the vegetation, its height and completeness, as well as the terrain, the degree of swampiness, taking into account its sensitivity, a roundup solution is prepared at the rate of 1.5-7 l / ha. The finished product is applied to the crowns of vegetation from the bottom up, at an angle that prevents the breakage of the leaf plate. This facilitates the penetration of the solution directly into the stomata and allows the sheet plates to absorb the drug in a volume of 95-99%.

In Siberia, in an average of 5–9 years, the alienated territories are again overgrown with undesirable vegetation and re-processing of power lines is required to remove undesirable vegetation. Measures are required to prevent overgrowing of the alienated territory with undesirable vegetation. In Siberia, shrubbery poses a real threat to the technological equipment of power lines, so it is not advisable to consider shrubs as a counterweight to woody vegetation.

The problem to which this invention is directed is to change the phytocenoses of the alienated territories of industrial enterprises that impede the renewal, growth and development of undesirable tree and shrub vegetation, which will be effective and most safe for the environment.

The technical result, which is achieved by solving this problem, is to increase the efficiency and reduce the complexity of the method. The change of phytocenoses is achieved by expanding the range of forage crops. The change in the species composition of phytocenoses is achieved by fertilizing, using a mechanical and biochemical method of removing unwanted vegetation, which leads to the release of an ecological niche for the growth and development of forage crops. In expanding the range of feed crops, biological features of the germination of seeds of feed crops that require passage through the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants are used.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of maintaining and protecting electric transmission lines (power lines) from unwanted vegetation involves treating the vegetation with herbicides by contact spraying. The drug is prepared before use, after analyzing the physiological state of the vegetation, its species composition, its height and completeness, the degree of swampiness of the site, as well as its micro- and macrorelief. Then apply it to the crowns of vegetation from the bottom up, at an angle that prevents the breakage of the leaf plate.

Unlike the well-known, the next year, in the spring, after the snow cover has melted, sections of the alienated power transmission lines are treated with an aqueous solution of fertilizers at the rate of N ₃₀ P ₃₀ K ₃₀ -N ₉₅ P ₂₈ K ₁₁₀ , and then the physiological state of the vegetation, its species is analyzed again composition, height and completeness, then the protection territory is divided into areas with vegetation that is suitable for mowing, and with vegetation that cannot be mowed, after which undesirable vegetation is removed in the first section mechanically by, as the second treatment is carried out by spraying the vegetation herbicides contact, e.g. aqueous Roundup rate of 1.1-1.4 liters / ha, is applied downwards.

The use of fertilizers in the spring is dictated by the fact that the method of removing unwanted vegetation reduces the growth processes of plants and additional nutrition is required for herbaceous plants. An aqueous solution of fertilizers allows weakened plants to absorb the maximum amount of active ingredient of fertilizers. The treatment of plants in the spring after the snow cover has melted is caused by the fact that the forest laying and the root layer of the soil have high humidity, the aqueous solution of fertilizers freely penetrates the litter and soil and is absorbed by the root system of herbaceous plants. Grass seeds get extra nutrition. The active ingredient of fertilizers is delivered to plants without loss, the sorption of fertilizers by soil elements is significantly reduced. Removing unwanted vegetation under power lines contributes to an increase in snow cover of up to 30% relative to overgrown areas of power lines and adjacent to the forest tract. Wind transfer of snow under power lines is difficult, which contributes to the accumulation of snow under power lines. In the spring after snow melts, the lowlands are filled with melt water, which allows you to get clean water for breeding fertilizers.

Example 1. They laid the experimental site with a length of 5 and a width of 2 meters. The choice of site size is dictated by the need to select similar sites. The soil coverage area of the entire experimental site was determined by grassy vegetation, and the weight of the grass was taken into account from a site with an area of 0.5 × 0.5 m. A typical site was selected for a specific trial area. The control test area had a projection coverage of the soil surface of less than 50%, the weight of the plants was 77.6 g. An aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers was prepared based on N ₁₃ P ₁₉ K ₁₉ kg / ha. The maximum coverage of the soil surface in the middle of the growing season by herbaceous plants exceeded 50-55%, the weight of plants was 232 g.

Example 2. Carried out similarly to the first experiment, changed the dose of fertilizers and the trial area was treated with an aqueous solution of fertilizers in a dose of N ₃₀ P ₃₀ K ₃₀ . The maximum soil coverage did not exceed 55%, the weight of the plant mass increased to 340 g.

Example 3. Again, the dosing schedule was calculated based on N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ , the soil cover with vegetation increased to 60%, the weight of the vegetative mass of the grass exceeded 530 g.

Example 4. A dose of a mineral fertilizer preparation was introduced into the soil at the rate of N ₉₅ P ₂₈ K ₁₁₀ . Coverage of the soil with vegetation was 75-80%, the weight of the grass reached 683 g.

The use of a mechanical method for removing unwanted vegetation solves a number of applied problems. In the proposed method, it is new that the alienated territories pass in the zone of optimum growth of wood and shrub vegetation, which increases the likelihood of rapidly overgrowing undesirable vegetation of industrial facilities. The large length of the routes requires constant removal of vegetation, which requires the maintenance of a large number of staff. This fact helps to increase the cost of production of enterprises. In accordance with the claimed invention, the local management of agricultural enterprises, farmers or the village administration agree with the administration of industrial enterprises on land allocation and assign a plot of land to a specific user under the condition that he annually mow the grass. The rural population uses hay as pet food.

The new fact is that with annual mowing of grass, mowing of annual shoots of woody and shrubby vegetation, which could grow from the roots, is carried out. This method depletes the growth processes of tree species in a particular area.

New in comparison with the prototype is that always servicing equipment teams without interference can go to any site. The owner of the hay plot together with the enterprise will also maintain access roads in working condition. Mowing increases the safety of people in the alienated territory, as the habitat of ticks is destroyed, which is important for Siberia. What is new is that there is a citizen interest in keeping the grasslands in good condition. In accordance with the task, the grass is removed and hay is temporarily stored in a space free from electrical wires, which will prevent the ignition of dry grass.

The annual mowing of the grass creates a lawn that prevents the penetration of seeds of woody vegetation into the soil. Small animals and forest birds eat part of the seeds from the ground and fertilize the soil with droppings.

Biochemical method of removing unwanted vegetation to solve the problem: the invention includes a botanical description of the vegetation cover of alienated territories after three or four years. Tree-shrub vegetation up to three or five years has features in development and distribution. The first years of life, they experience competition from the grass and wood canopy, underdeveloped crown and a small height of above-ground shoots. According to the results of the examination and determination of the amount of processing, unwanted vegetation is treated. Before work, a herbicide solution is prepared, for example roundup, at a rate of 1.1-1.4 l / ha. The finished solution is applied to unwanted vegetation from top to bottom. This method contributes to the maximum penetration of the solution onto the leaf surface of the treated vegetation. The proposed method of applying the solution contributes to the penetration of the drug into the sheet apparatus up to 98-99%. The proposed dosing system is explained by the fact that doses below the lower level contribute to the preservation of individual plants, which is undesirable both from a technological point of view and biological, which allows the formation of resistant plant species to the herbicide. Exceeding the upper limit is impractical from an economic point of view and there is a threat of the plant removing high doses of toxin, which reduces the efficiency of plant treatment. If necessary, problem areas can be reprocessed in the indicated dose range.

When heavy precipitation occurs, the vegetation is re-treated taking into account the weather forecast and the degree of damage to shoots and leaf apparatus of undesirable vegetation.

Example 5. A test site was established, on which shoots of aspen and birch dominated from 7 to 60 cm high dominated. Processing of undesirable vegetation was carried out after the leaf plate was completely opened. The herbicide solution was prepared before starting work. An aqueous solution of roundup in a dose of 0.5 l / ha was dissolved in a volume of 300 liters of water and applied to shoots of unwanted vegetation from top to bottom. Conducted daily observations of the treated vegetation. The first signs of destruction of the sheet apparatus were noted after 10-11 days. The main disturbances in photosynthesis were noted on days 15-17. By the end of the month, up to 80-85% of the treated vegetation died. The dead vegetation for five years had no visible growth processes.

Example 6. The experiment was performed similarly to the fifth. The difference was a change in the concentration of the drug. The estimated dose was 0.8 l / ha, and the drug was applied according to the previously described scheme. The first signs of the destruction of photosynthesis were observed after 7-9 days. Two weeks later, there was a massive death of unwanted vegetation. By the end of the month, 90-95% of the treated vegetation died. Deceased vegetation within five years has completely collapsed.

Example 7. The experiment was carried out similarly to the fifth example. The difference, as in the sixth example, was a change in dosage. Unwanted vegetation was treated at a dose of 1.1 l / ha. By the end of the month, unwanted vegetation died completely and collapsed within five years under the influence of external factors.

Example 8. The difference, as in the previous examples, was to change the dose of the drug. Vegetation according to the described scheme was processed at the rate of 1.4 l / ha. The results of the death of the treated vegetation were similar to the third example.

According to the regulations for the use of roundup, the drug in natural conditions breaks down into its constituent components during the growing season. It is known that the active substance of roundup is N - phosphonomethylglycine (C ₃ H ₈ NO ₅ P). Therefore, mowing and grazing next year does not pose a real threat to domestic animals and the natural environment.

The expansion of the range of fodder crops occurs with the help of autumn grazing of livestock and the attraction of taiga herbivores to the alienated territories. It is known that seeds of fodder crops during evolution acquired the property of active growth and development after passing through the digestive system of ruminants. The concentration of herbivores in a relatively limited area contributes to the concentration of seed in the soil. The introduction of seeds of forage crops, together with the waste products of herbivores, increases the ability of forage crops to occupy new territories, which leads to the crowding out of unwanted vegetation and inedible weeds. Removal of undesirable wood and shrub vegetation changes the light regime, which leads to a change in soil temperature and creates favorable conditions for the growth of forage grasses eaten by animals. This process of expanding the range of forage crops leads to a change in the phytocenosis of alienated territories.

Pets grazing is organized annually. It must be borne in mind that animals can injure vegetative shoots, reducing the growth energy of woody and shrubbery. Attraction of domestic animals occurs naturally, in hayfields grass by the beginning of autumn grows to the height of eating animals and growing grass is succulent, in other territories the grass cover mostly stops growing and loses forage qualities relative to green grass.

What is new is that hay mowing and leaving stacks near power lines in remote areas made it possible to create a food base for ungulates in winter. Taiga animals in the winter often feed on young shoots of shrubbery and woody vegetation; finding animals on an alienated territory helps to reduce the number of vegetative shoots. Several practical problems are being solved, the mortality rate from the nesting of forest animals in the harsh winter months is reduced. Often these animals are the object of sports hunting. To the best of their ability, well-fed wild animals maintain a high level of reproductive function, which creates the optimum number of forest populations of herbivores. In addition, depleted animals can be a source of infectious diseases that are dangerous to humans. Herbivores in the summer when eating grass under power lines contribute to the natural renewal of the grass stand, increasing its species composition and enriching the soil with nutrients.

In the proposed method, the new is that it allows you to maintain a balance of nutrients in the soil and expand the range of feed crops, slowing down and stopping the renewal, growth and development of undesirable vegetation. Carrying out complex measures of a mechanical and biochemical method of removing unwanted vegetation, populating the soil with seeds of desired plants leads to a change in the species composition of the phytocenosis of alienated territories.

Forest phytocenoses, such as thistle (Cirsium heterophyllum (L.), forest buzzard (Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.), Hellebore Lobel (Veratrum lobelianum Bemh.), Angelica forest (Angelica L.) and locally found angelica (Archangelica ), reached an average height of one and a half meters. The maximum growth of grass was up to two meters. Tall grass communities are gradually replaced by low grass phytocenoses. The hedgehog team (Dactylis glomerata L.), creeping wheat grass (Elytrigia repens (L) Nevski.), shepherd’s bag (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L), meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), cereals are rare: wheat (Triticum), barley (Hordeum) and oats (Avena sativa L.), medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.), A crowded bell (Campanula glomerata L.) and willow tea (Chamaenerion angustifolium L.). The projective cover of the territory reached 100%. Under adverse weather conditions conditions, artificial introduction of seeds of fodder crops into the soil is allowed. Conditions for undergrowth, for example, birch (Betula L.) seed origin were unfavorable. Knowledge of the laws governing the change of phytocenoses is the basis for increasing the environmental safety of natural biocenoses.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining and protecting electric transmission lines - power lines from unwanted vegetation, including contact vegetation treatment of vegetation with herbicides, spraying the preparation for this, preliminarily analyzing the physiological state of the vegetation, its species composition, height and completeness, the degree of swampiness of the site, as well as its micro - and macrorelief, and then apply the finished product to the crowns of vegetation from the bottom up, at an angle that prevents the breakage of the leaf plate, characterized in that the next year, in the spring, after the snow cover has melted, sections of the alienated territories of the power transmission lines are treated with an aqueous solution of fertilizers based on N ₃₀ P ₃₀ K ₃₀ -N ₉₅ P ₂₈ K ₁₁₀ , then the physiological state of the vegetation, its species composition, height and completeness, then break down the protected area into areas with vegetation that is suitable for mowing, and with vegetation that cannot be mowed, after which undesirable vegetation is removed mechanically in the first section, and on the second, the vegetation is treated with herbicides by contact spraying, for example with an aqueous solution of roundup, at a rate of 1.1-1.4 l / ha, which is applied from top to bottom.