RU2557816C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber in a cylinder head, which is connected to the working cylinder through a neck hole, into which a projection on the piston enters with a gap at its movement to the upper dead centre with formation of an air passage. An injector is fixed in the combustion chamber and a thermal insert from heat-resistant material is installed on supports. With that, thermal insert supports and a ring in the upper part of the neck hole are made from material having shape memory effect, for example from titanium nickelide.

EFFECT: improving efficient performance of the engine at its start and in partial operating modes.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to internal combustion engines (ICE) with compression ignition.

Known pre-chamber internal combustion engines with compression ignition using a pre-chamber located in the cylinder head, which is connected to the main combustion chamber by a connecting channel [1]. The combustion process takes place in both parts of the chamber by supplying fuel to the pre-chamber. Fuel is injected into the pre-chamber, and the combustion process occurs both in the pre-chamber and in the main combustion chamber. Despite the high turbulence, the air charge has no organized movement and combustion is incomplete. The consequence of this is a low level of effective efficiency and high toxicity of engine exhaust gases.

Also known is an internal combustion engine and a method of burning fuel in an internal combustion engine [2], which is the closest and the proposed technical solution, comprising a combustion chamber in the cylinder head connected to the working cylinder by an opening-neck, which includes a protrusion on the piston with a gap when it movement to top dead center (TDC) with the formation of an air channel. A nozzle is fixed in the combustion chamber and a thermal insert of heat-resistant material is installed on the supports. In this case, the protrusion on the piston, the throat hole and the thermal insert during the movement of the piston to TDC in the compression stroke ensure the air charge is displaced from the cylinder through the air channel between the walls of the thermal insert and the combustion chamber with the formation of an axial vortex around the vertical part of the insert wall.

The disadvantage of this invention, adopted as a prototype, is the low level of effective efficiency and high toxicity of exhaust gases at start-up and in partial engine operation modes, since in these modes the insertion temperature is low and the speed of movement of the air charge is negligible.

The aim of the invention is to increase the effective efficiency of the engine when it is started and in partial modes of operation. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the upper part of the opening-neck in the cylinder head is installed a ring of material having a shape memory effect.

New in the internal combustion engine is the installation of a ring made of a material with a shape memory effect in the upper part of the neck opening in the cylinder head. New in the internal combustion engine is also that the insert supports are made of a material having a shape memory effect.

The compression ignition internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber disposed in the cylinder head and connected to the cylinder by a throat hole, into which a protrusion on the piston enters with a gap when it moves to the upper center with the formation of an air channel; a thermal insert installed in a combustion chamber on supports, made of heat-resistant material, nozzle. In this case, the protrusion on the piston, the throat hole and the thermal insert during the movement of the piston to TDC in the compression stroke ensure the air charge is displaced from the cylinder through the air channel between the walls of the thermal insert and the combustion chamber with the formation of an axial vortex around the vertical part of the insert wall. The supports are made of a material having a shape memory effect. In the upper part of the neck opening, a ring of material with a shape memory effect is fixed in the head.

A compression ignition internal combustion engine is characterized in that titanium nickelide is used as a material having a shape memory effect.

In FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a compression ignition engine combustion chamber. The engine contains a combustion chamber 1, made in the form of a body of revolution and located in the cylinder head. On one side of the combustion chamber, a nozzle 2 is installed, and on the other there is an opening-neck 3, into which the protrusion 4 on the piston 5 enters with a gap when the piston moves to the TDC. The protrusion 4 on the piston 5 smoothly mates with the flat displacement surface 6 of the piston 5. In the combustion chamber 1 on the supports 7 (Fig. 2) there is a hollow through heat insert 8 made of heat-resistant material and separating the combustion chamber into two functional volumes: functional volume A - the internal cavity of the thermal insert 8, and the functional volume B is the cavity between the outer walls of the thermal insert 8 and the walls of the combustion chamber 1. The combustion chamber 1 in the cylinder head, the opening-neck 3, the protrusion 4 on the piston 5, the thermal insert 8 and the nozzle 2 are located on the axis of the cylinder. The atomized fuel 9 is supplied by the nozzle 2 to the functional volume A and to the walls of the heat insert 8. The protrusion 4 on the piston 5 together with the opening-neck 3 form an air channel 10 through which, when the piston 5 moves to TDC, the air charge 11 displaced from the cylinder moves.

The supports 7 are made of a material having a shape memory effect (FIG. 2). In the upper part of the opening-neck 3 of the combustion chamber 1, a ring 12 of material with a shape memory effect is fixed [3].

To reduce heat loss in the cooling system, the outer walls of the combustion chamber 1 can use thermal protection, for example, based on a ceramic insert 13 (Fig. 1 and 3).

The engine operates as follows. When starting the engine and in partial modes of its operation, the temperature in the combustion chamber is low. The ring 12 blocks the gas flow from the cylinder to the functional volume B. As a result, when the piston 5 moves to TDC, the air charge 11 displaced from the cylinder rushes into the functional volume A. This movement improves the mixing of the air charge 11 with the injected fuel nozzle 2.

With increasing cyclic fuel supply and engine speed, the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 increases, the temperature of the ring 12 rises, and martensitic transformation occurs in it. As a result, the ring 12 is pressed against the walls of the combustion chamber 1 (Fig. 3). When moving toward TDC, the piston 5 displaces the air charge 11 from the cylinder into the functional volume B along the flat supports 7 of the annular insert 8 (Fig. 2). As a result of this, the temperature of the supports 7 increases, martensitic transformation occurs in their material, and they rotate at an angle to the generatrix of the thermal insert 8 (Fig. 4) to give the axial movement of the air charge between the walls of the thermal insert 8 and the combustion chamber 1 an additional rotational movement. This contributes to the intensification of mixture formation, reducing the duration of combustion and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases during engine operation.

With a decrease in the cyclic fuel supply and revolutions of the engine crankshaft, the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 decreases, the temperature of the supports 7 decreases, the martensitic transformation occurs in their material, and they occupy the initial position, contributing only to the axial movement of the air charge in the functional volume A.

With a further decrease in the cyclic fuel supply and engine speed, the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 will decrease further, the temperature of the ring 12 will decrease, as a result of which the reverse martensitic transformation occurs in the ring 12 (Fig. 1). It rotates with its free end and blocks the functional volume of B. Then, when the engine warms up, the cycle repeats.

If the engine starts in a hot state, then the bearings 7 are rotated at an angle to the generatrix of the thermal insert 8, and the ring 12 opens the gas flow into the functional volume B, which ensures reliable starting of the hot engine.

The proposed solution is intended for use in internal combustion engines with compression ignition.

Using the proposed technical solution helps to increase the effective efficiency of the engine when it is started and in partial operation modes.

Literature

1. Kavtaradze R.Z. Theory of piston engines. Special chapters: textbook for universities. - M.: Publishing house of MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2008 .-- 720 p.

2. Galgovsky V.R., Galgovskaya O.V., Golosov A.A. Internal combustion engine and method for reducing fuel in an internal combustion engine. RF patent №2 359 136. Publ. 06/20/2009. Bull. Number 17. F02B 19/04, F02B 23/04.

3. Application of the shape memory effect in modern engineering / A.S. Tikhonov, A.P. Gerasimov, I.I. Prokhorov. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1981. - 80 p.

Claims (2)

1. An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber in the cylinder head, connected to the working cylinder by a throat hole, into which a protrusion on the piston enters with a gap when it moves to TDC with the formation of an air channel, a nozzle is fixed in the combustion chamber and a thermal insert is mounted on the supports of heat-resistant material, with the protrusion on the piston, the throat hole and the thermal insert when the piston moves to the TDC in the compression stroke to ensure the displacement of the air charge through the air channel between the walls of the heat avki and the combustion chamber to form an axial vortex around the vertical wall portion of thermal paste, characterized in that the supports thermal paste is made of a material having shape memory effect, and in the upper part, the neck hole in the head fixed ring of a material having shape memory. 2. An internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that titanium nickelide is used as a material having a shape memory effect.

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