RU2555992C1 - Excavator bucket - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: excavator bucket includes a bottom, a screen, hydraulic cylinders of screen rotation, rollers installed at the ends of stems of hydraulic cylinders and placed into bottom guides, hinged joints of screen fixation to the bottom, made in the form of eccentrics, eccentricity of which in the initial position of the canopy is directed towards the bottom. Bodies of hydraulic cylinders of screen rotation are fixed at the side of the upper edge of the bucket bottom. Eyes of stems of hydraulic cylinders are lowered down at the rear side of the bucket, are connected hingedly with eyes of traction rods. Upper ends of traction rods are connected hingedly to brackets fixed stiffly to side walls of the screen with the possibility of their displacement in vertical slots in the bucket bottom. On each traction rod there are at least two rollers within displacement in guides fixed at the rear side to the bucket bottom.

EFFECT: reduced mass of hydraulic cylinders of screen opening during soil unloading, increased capacity of a bucket and efficiency.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining and construction industries, in particular to the working bodies of excavators with equipment - a direct shovel and wheel loaders.

Known design of the excavator bucket, including a bottom connected to the handle, connected to the bottom by means of brackets and hinges, a visor with side walls, a bottom and a cutting edge, and visor rotation cylinders pivotally connected at one end to the bottom and the other with the visor side walls by means of rigidly attached to the visor the last leverage (USSR copyright certificate No. 746048, class E02F 3/40, 1975). This bucket design can significantly reduce the time of unloading the soil, the duration of the working cycle of the machine and thereby increase productivity and work efficiency.

However, the opening buckets of this design have a significant drawback - the opening resistance of the visor is significant in magnitude and requires the installation of large hydraulic cylinders on the bucket.

The closest technical solution to the invention is the construction of the bucket, including a bottom, a visor, visor turning cylinders, rollers mounted on the ends of the cylinder rods and placed in the bottom guides, hinges for attaching the visor to the bottom, made in the form of eccentrics, the eccentricity of which in the initial position of the visor is directed towards the bottom (USSR author's certificate No. 1456512, class E02F 3/40. Publ. 07.02.89. Bull. No. 5). This design can significantly reduce the energy intensity of the unloading process by reducing the resistance to opening the visor and the mass of the hydraulic cylinders; increase bucket net capacity and machine productivity.

However, the most energy-intensive movement of the visor to lift is carried out by the pressure of the liquid in the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. In this case, the force on the rod is 1.33-1.65 less than in the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. This circumstance leads to an increase in the mass of hydraulic cylinders. In addition, eccentric mechanisms are located inside the bucket, which leads to a decrease in its capacity, and therefore, productivity.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the mass of the visor opening hydraulic cylinders when unloading the soil, as well as to increase the bucket capacity and, therefore, productivity.

The task is achieved in that the cases of the hydraulic cylinders for turning the visor are fixed on the side of the upper edge of the bottom of the bucket, and the lugs of their rods, lowered down, are pivotally connected to the rod eyes, the upper ends of which are pivotally attached to the brackets fixed rigidly to the side walls of the visor and with the possibility of their movement in vertical slots in the bottom of the bucket; on each of the rods at least two rollers are pivotally fixed within the limits of displacement in guides fixed from the back to the bottom of the bucket.

In addition, the eccentric rotation of the visor are located on the outer sides of the side walls of the visor and have casings fixed to the visor.

Differences from the closest analogue are in a number of essential features:

- cases of hydraulic cylinders for turning the visor are fixed from the upper edge of the bottom of the bucket, and the rods are directed downward;

- the eyelets of the rods of the hydraulic cylinders are connected not directly to the upper hinge of the brackets for attaching the visor to the rods, but by means of a transverse rod;

- the bucket turning eccentrics are removed from the bucket cavity and are located from the outer side walls of the visor.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows an excavator bucket, side view; in FIG. 2 is a view A on the bottom of the bucket of FIG. one; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a section BB in traction with rollers in FIG. 2.

The excavator bucket contains a bottom 1, pivotally connected to the handle 2, eyelets 3 for fastening the hydromechanism 4 of turning the bucket. In the upper part of the bottom 1, on the outside of the side walls 5 of the visor 6, brackets 7 are made, to which the central axes 8 of the eccentrics 9 are connected, made in the form of rods, the peripheral axes 10 of which are connected to the visor 6, with the eccentricity directed towards the bottom 1 at the initial the position of the visor 6. To the bottom 1 from the side of the upper edge 11 are the hulls of the hydraulic cylinders 12 pivoting the visor 6 with the rod 13 and rodless 14 cavities, and also parallel to the hulls of the hydraulic cylinders 12 rigidly guiding 15. To the rods 16 hydrocylin Firewood 12 through the eyes 17 pivotally connected to the transverse rod 18, which is also pivotally attached to the lower eyes 19 of the rods 20, which are located together with the two rollers 21 in the guides 15. The upper parts of the rods 20 with the help of the axles 22 are attached to the levers 23, which in turn are rigidly attached to the side walls 5 of the visor 6. In the bottom 1, in the area of the guides 15, slots 24 are made parallel to the bodies 12 of the hydraulic cylinders for passing the levers 23. The eccentrics 9 are closed from damage by casings 25, rigidly fixed to the side walls 5 of the visor 6.

The excavator bucket works as follows. The process of digging and scooping up the soil does not differ in comparison with the work of buckets of known designs. The loads acting on the teeth and the cutting edge of the visor 6 during digging, are perceived by the bottom 1 of the bucket. During the unloading of the bucket, the rods 16 of the hydraulic cylinders 12 are pulled out of the bodies, while the rodless cavities 14 operate, in which the pressure on the pistons and rods is much greater than in the rod rods. The rods 16 transmit the force to the transverse rod 18, and from it to the rods 20 and levers 23, which cause the visor to open 6. Under the influence of the force from the rods 20, the levers 23, which move in the slots 24, cause the eccentric 9 to rotate relative to the central axes 8, connected to the bottom of the bucket. 1. Together with the eccentrics 9, the peripheral axes 10 rotate relative to the axes 8. Due to the eccentric fixing of the visor 6 with the help of eccentrics 9 and the axes 10 relative to the axes 8, when the piston rods 16 are extended, the visor 6 not only rotates relative to the axes 8, but also down and away from the bottom of 1 bucket. As a result of this, the bottom, cutting edge, tooth holders and loosening teeth of the visor 6 at a certain speed of the movement of the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 12 are pulled out from the ground, filling the area of the visor 6, and friction between the bottom of the visor 6 and the soil disappears. It is not necessary at the initial moment of opening the bucket to lift the soil located above the bottom of the visor 6, the shift of the "cap" of the soil towards the bottom 1 by the cutting edge and the loosening teeth of the visor 6 disappears.

The closure of the empty bucket occurs when the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 12 rotate the visor 6. The presence of the guides 15 on the bottom 1 for the rollers 21 takes away the extra degrees of freedom from the rotation mechanism of the visor and rods 20 and allows strictly orienting the movement of the visor 6 and rods 20 when opening and closing the bucket. The placement of the eccentrics 9 and the casings 25 outside the bucket cavity does not affect the process of digging soils, since these elements are located in the upper part of the visor.

The essential features that distinguish the excavator bucket from the closest analogue, allow to obtain the following technical result:

- reducing the mass and dimensions of the hydraulic cylinders for opening the bucket and the mass of the bucket as a whole;

- reducing the cost of manufacturing bucket opening hydraulic cylinders;

- reduction of energy consumption for the process of opening the bucket;

- with a decrease in the mass and dimensions of the visor turning cylinders, as well as the removal of eccentrics from the side walls, it becomes possible to increase the useful capacity of the bucket, and therefore productivity.

Claims (2)

1. Excavator bucket, including a bottom, a visor, visor turning cylinders, rollers mounted on the ends of the hydraulic cylinder rods and placed in the bottom guides, hinges for attaching the visor to the bottom, made in the form of eccentrics, the eccentricity of which in the initial position of the visor is directed towards the bottom, different the fact that the bodies of the hydraulic cylinders for turning the visor are fixed from the upper edge of the bottom of the bucket, and the eyes of their rods are lowered down from the back of the bucket, pivotally connected to the eyes of the rods, the upper ends which are pivotally attached to brackets fixed rigidly to the side walls of the visor with the possibility of their movement in vertical slots in the bottom of the bucket, while at least two rollers are pivotally attached to each of the rods within the limits of movement in guides fixed from the back to the bottom of the bucket. 2. The excavator bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentrics of the visor rotation are located on the outer sides of the visor and have casings fixed to the visor.

Images