RU2783447C1 - Universal working equipment of single-bucket excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering of mining and road-building machines and can be used as a working body of a single-bucket excavator. The working equipment of a single-bucket excavator is designed to work as a front and back shovels. In the upper part of the bucket between the side walls there is an axis on which the rear wall is placed, made in the form of a rotary frame. The bottom is made of chain links consisting of several chains connected to each other and to the frame in the longitudinal and transverse directions in such a way as to form a flexible web.

EFFECT: increasing productivity and eliminating the possibility of soil sticking to the bottom and back wall of the bucket.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering of mining and road-building machines and can be used as a working body of a single-bucket excavator.

Known working equipment of a single-bucket hydraulic excavator according to patent RU 189553, class. E02F 3/28, publ. 05/28/2019, containing a handle, a bucket pivotally connected to it, made in one piece with levers, and also having working edges on both sides, a bucket rotation hydraulic cylinder, rods pivotally connected to the bucket rotation hydraulic cylinder and a handle.

The disadvantage of this invention is the absence of the rear wall of the bucket, which does not allow full use of the volume of the bucket during loading operations.

Known excavator working equipment according to patent RU 110389, class. E02F3/28; E02F 3/40, publ. 11/20/2011, containing an arrow, a handle, a bucket, made with a movable rear wall pivotally mounted on an axis and placed between the side walls, the movement of which is limited by stops fixed on the side walls, the bucket bottom having a rounded shape and equipped with two cutting edges fixed on ends of the bottom, hydraulic cylinders for turning the boom, arm and bucket, as well as traction.

The disadvantage of this device is the high probability of jamming of the movable rear wall of the bucket due to its deformation when loading hard rocks, as well as the likelihood of sticking of wet soil, which also contributes to jamming of the movable rear wall, thereby reducing the volume of soil moved by the bucket.

The technical objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of a single-bucket excavator by creating a universal working equipment that combines the properties of front and back shovels and excludes the possibility of soil sticking to the bottom and back wall of the bucket.

To solve the problem, the proposed invention contains the following essential features that distinguish it from the closest analogue: the back wall of the bucket is made in the form of a movable frame, around the perimeter of which round-link chains are fixed. In this case, the frame rotates on the axis, within the limits allowed by the limiters installed on the side cutting edges. The length of the chains is chosen with a margin to form an additional volume of the bucket. In this case, the links of the chains are interconnected both in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

In comparison with the prototype, the present invention provides self-cleaning of the inner surface of the bucket from adhering soil, thereby eliminating the possibility of jamming of the movable rear wall during operation. Also, with the same external dimensions with the prototype, the proposed bucket has an increased volume of soil to be moved due to the use of a flexible chain rear wall.

The invention is illustrated in Fig.1 - 3, where Fig.1 shows the universal working equipment of a shovel excavator in an unloaded state with the rear wall in an intermediate position, Fig.2 - in the working position "front shovel", Fig.3 - in the working backhoe position.

The universal working equipment of a shovel excavator includes a rigid bottom 1 made of sheet metal of appropriate curvature, side walls 2, a rear wall containing a swivel frame 3, and a chain bottom 4 made of several chains interconnected and with a frame as in the longitudinal and transverse directions so as to form a flexible web consisting of chain links. On the side walls, reinforcing pads 5 are made, which simultaneously act as limit stops for the frame. Also, in the holes of the side walls, an axis 6 is fixed, on which the frame 3 rotates. The universal working equipment is hinged on the handle 7 of the excavator and is actuated by means of a hydraulic cylinder 8.

The universal working equipment works as follows: when working in the “straight shovel” position, the swivel frame 3 under its own goes down until it stops in the lining 5. In this case, the chain bottom 4 under its own weight and the weight of the typed rock also moves to the lower position, forming an additional volume for rocks (figure 2). After filling, the bucket moves to the place of unloading. Unloading is carried out by turning the universal working equipment relative to the handle 7. At the same time, the own weight of the swivel frame 3 and the chain bottom 4 contribute to emptying the bucket and cleaning it from the rock adhering to the internal surfaces of the universal working equipment.

When working in the “backhoe” position, the swivel frame 3, under the influence of the rock collected in the bucket, turns all the way into the lining 5. In this case, the rock, as well as when working with a “straight shovel”, fills the volume formed by the chain bottom.

The unloading of the bucket is similar to unloading when working in the "straight shovel" position.

The use of universal working equipment allows you to work with both a forward and a backhoe, provides an increased volume of soil to be moved relative to the prototypes and self-cleaning of the bucket from adhering rock, and thus improves the efficiency of using a single-bucket excavator and expands its scope.

Brief description of drawings:

Fig. 1. Universal working equipment unloaded:

1 - hard bottom;

2 - side walls;

3 - swivel frame;

4 - chain bottom;

5 - overlay;

6 - axis of the rotary frame;

7 - handle;

8 - hydraulic cylinder.

Fig. 2. Universal working equipment of a single-bucket excavator in the working position "straight shovel".

Fig. 3. Universal working equipment of a single-bucket excavator in the working position "backhoe".

Claims (1)

The working equipment of a single-bucket excavator, made with the ability to work as a front and back shovels, characterized in that in the upper part of the bucket between the side walls there is an axis on which the rear wall is placed, made in the form of a rotary frame, the bottom is made of chain links consisting of several chains connected to each other and to the frame in the longitudinal and transverse directions in such a way as to form a flexible web.

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