RU2555722C1 - Utilisation method of ice crusts and icicles from roofs of buildings and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method and device provide for removal of ice crusts and icicles by their being crushed into a small fraction with its further dispersion and deposition under action of gravity forces on the ground. Separation of icicles and ice crusts from a drip cap is performed simultaneously with their crushing. The device is moved along the drip cap and includes a breaking-down mechanism and a crushing machine that is enclosed in a housing with a perforated bottom and an end wall. The crushing machine can be made in the form of one or two parallel screws, on the turns of which cutting teeth are arranged, and the first turn is made in the form of a flat washer with end location of cutting knives on it.

EFFECT: improved operating reliability of a roof.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and means for cleaning eaves of roofs of buildings from ice formations and can be used in public utilities of settlements.

Known methods and devices for removing icing and icicles from roofs of buildings are divided into mechanical, thermal, and ultrasonic. In addition, the cornices are treated with an anti-icing substance or laser beams are used, etc.

More well-known thermal and mechanical methods. The thermal method involves two options:

1) to heat the edge of the roof of the building so that icicles do not form, which is not economically profitable, and this is confirmed by practice due to its rare use in industry;

2) to heat the place of contact of the icicle with the roof (hot steam, a laser beam) and the icicles come off and fall down, causing damage to the elements of buildings, the territory of the house, parked cars and, most importantly, can damage the health and safety of people.

A known method of preventing the formation of frost and icicles in attics and roofs (patent RU No. 2467138, class E04D 13/17) by improving the natural ventilation of the attic. Air inflow in this case occurs through the dormer window, and exhaust through the deflector installed in the upper part of the attic roof. In this case, the draft effect is used. However, cold air is always located at the bottom of the attic, which violates the temperature regime of the entire volume of the attic, as a result of which the efficiency of the known method is very low.

The most commonly used mechanical method is the removal of ice and icicles. For example, there is a method of destroying icicles and a device that implements this method, in which gravity is used to break off icicles, on which the operation of the device is based. The device is made on the axis in the form of a rocker arm (application for invention No. 2011141283/03, class E04D 13/076 of 10/11/2011) and works on the principle of maintaining equilibrium (the mass of icicles acts on one shoulder, the opposite shoulder is counterbalanced). Imbalance due to the difference in mass on the arms of the rocker arm leads to a rotation of the rocker arm, as a result of which the icicles break off and fall down. For a forced turn of the rocker arm, a mechanical or electrical device is used.

The disadvantages of the above technical solution is the resulting risk to people during the destruction and falling of icicles, in addition, the rocker can swing (turn) and from sticking snow on one shoulder. With a large length of the roof of the building, the rocker arms can rotate unevenly (different amounts of snow, icicles are on the arms of the rocker arm), which leads to jamming of the rotation of the rocker arm. To balance the rocker arm, you need to clear them of ice and snow.

A device for removing frost and icicles from the roof (application for invention No. 20111135414/03, CL E04D 13/076 of 08/24/2011) by rotating the gutter, which leads to breaking off the icicles and their falling down.

For the destruction of freezing icicles to the roof, different lifts are used (patent RU No. 2306383, class E01H 5/12 of 09/20/2007 BI No. 26, patent No. 2187595, class E01H 5/00 of 08/28/2002 BI. No. 23) or devices mounted on the eaves of roofs or on the walls of the building (patent RU No. 2475609, class E04D 13/076, published 02.20.2013, patent RU No. 2475606, class E04D 13/076, published 02.20.2013 .).

For example, a device for collapsing icicles on the basis of a car chassis with a retractable boom (patent No. 2187595, or patent No. 2306383) serves to break off icicles that fall from a great height and damage property and are not safe for people.

The design of the working body in known devices requires a drive (an electric knife with a solenoid and a magnetic core or a DC motor with a conical breaker). In addition, the car chassis may not always be located near the building, and the boom may not always reach the desired height of a particular building.

A device is also known in which a thermal and mechanical method for removing icicles is used (patent RU No. 2475609 class E04D 13/076, published 02.20.2013). For recycling icicles, there is an electric drive that heats the eaves of the roof, and thermo-bimetallic plates, which, when current is applied to them, change their shape and raise the eaves, shaking off a layer of snow and ice with icicles that has already been crushed by heat.

The main disadvantage of this device is the large expenditure of energy for heating drives, plates and roof. In addition, icicles, ice, snow lumps down and causes damage to property, and can cause significant personal injury.

The closest technical solution is the method of removing icicles and icing, implemented using a device for removing icing and icicles from the eaves of the roof of the building, which consists in breaking off icicles and icing using a mobile carriage moving on rails along the building using a cable-block system (RU patent No. 2348777, class E04D 13/076, published March 10, 2009).

The disadvantages of this solution are also the danger to people and damage to property (building elements, parked cars are damaged, sidewalks and blind areas of the house are broken, etc.) due to the falling of icicles and ice from the eaves of the roof of the building.

As a prototype can also be considered a method of removing snow and ice from the roofs, including the melting of snow and ice. In this method, icicles are preliminarily cut from the eaves of the roofs using steam, lower them to the ground in a metal container using a hydraulic lift, then they are melted in the drainage system by supplying steam to the tubular weirs and into the gutters of the drainage system. In addition, they carry out the melting of snow and ice on the roof by supplying steam jets (patent RU No. 2457305, class E04D 13/076 from 07/27/2012).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the complexity of the process (in winter, generate steam and feed it to a considerable height to the roof of the building, and the buildings come in different designs and sizes - this is time consuming and requires special equipment);

- low efficiency due to steam heating not only the gutters and tubular weirs, but also most of the heat goes into the atmosphere;

- high steam consumption for heating tubular drains and gutters with a high building height;

- the formation of ice from condensate inside the gutters and tubular water drains under the influence of low temperatures;

- violation of the melting system of ice and snow, because gutters and holes in the tubular elements may be clogged with snow, ice, etc .;

- difficulty supplying steam, as Considering the temperature difference (day and night), water will drip from the eaves into the gutter and freeze, i.e. ice will form;

- the need to use a hydraulic lift for transporting icicles cut off by steam.

The technical result of the invention is to create a safe environment for people and reduce the risk of damage to property when disposing of ice and icicles from the eaves of roofs of buildings, simplifying the removal process and reducing the cost of removing ice and icicles.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by grinding broken ice and icicles under the eaves of the roof and dispersion of fine fractions in the air with their gradual deposition on the ground.

The essence of the invention is to convert ice and icicles into a fine fraction by grinding them, moreover, grinding is carried out immediately after separating the icicles from the eaves of the roof and when the icicles reach a length of 5 ÷ 10 cm, and the device that implements this method is turned on automatically, moves along the cornice, it separates (breaking off) the ice and icicles from the cornice and at the same time grinds them into a fine fraction, which passes through the openings of the grinder body and dissipates in the air with gradual deposition on the ground.

Icicles can be controlled by a light tracking system for their size. The device is included in the work only when the icicles reach sizes from 5 to 10 cm in length.

The device for implementing this method itself consists of a grinder, for example a screw type, a breaker and a catch box, the lower part of the housing in which the screws are enclosed, as well as one end part, have openings (perforation). In addition, the turns of the screws are equipped with cutting teeth, and the last turn of each screw is made flat in the form of an end washer, on which cutting teeth are also installed. To move the grinder with a caster, an AC or DC drive can be used.

The implementation scheme of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows a building with a roof, on the ledge of which there is a device for collapsing and grinding icicles, in Fig. 2, section AA is shown in Fig. 1, in Fig. 3 is a node 1 figure 1 and figure 4 - node 11 in figure 3.

A method of disposing of ice and icicles from the roofs of a building is that simultaneously with the collapse of icicles and ice, they are crushed (crushed) into a fine fraction and sieved through holes in the grinder body, followed by the deposition of a small fraction on the ground under the influence of gravitational forces. In this case, not icicles and ice, but their small fraction are removed from the roof cornice, which does not cause any risks to people and property.

A device for implementing the proposed method consists of a carriage 1, which, through the rollers 2, moves along the supporting beam 3 using a cable-block system 4. Alternatively, the carriage 1 can be moved using an electric motor and mechanical transmission (not shown in the drawings). The carrier beam 3 is attached from below to the roof 5 of the building roof using, for example, a bolt connection 6. On the front wall 7 of the carriage 1 there is a shaper 8 of cylindrical shape with the possibility of its movement in the axial direction (adjustment depending on the design of the roof eaves of the building). A box 9 (detachable connection) is attached to the end walls of the carriage 1, the chopper 10 is located at the bottom of the chopper 10. The chopper 10 can be made in the form of one or two parallel screw cylindrical or conical 11, and cutting teeth are located on the outer part of each turn of the screw 12, and the first turn 13 of the screw (screws) is made flat, on the end part of which cutting knives 14 of comb type are installed. The screw 11 has a drive 15.

The bottom 16 of the box 9, where the chopper 10 is located, is made in a similar form to the forming screw and has openings 17.

The end cover 18 in the area of the first turn 13 of the screw is attached to the wall of the box using bolts and has holes 19.

On the end walls of the box 9 are rotary strips 20 having a contact electrical connector (microswitch, not shown in the drawings). Planks 20 are made of non-metallic material (so as not to freeze water). The purpose of the slats 20 is to turn on the drive of the carriage 1 or turn it off depending on the size of the icicles. The mounting height of the slats 20 from the edge of the roof of the building can be within 5 ÷ 10 cm. As the icicle grows, it acts on the slat 20, which rotates by a certain angle and closes the contacts, as a result of which the carriage 1 is turned on.

A device for the disposal of ice and icicles from the roof of the building works as follows: the initial position of the carriage 1 with a breaker 8 and chopper 10 can be anywhere in the cornice of the roof of the building.

The device enters into operation on command from the strips 20: icicles act on the bar, which rotates from contact with them (deviates from the horizontal position) and closes electrical contacts, as a result of which the carriage 1 drive and the chopper drive 10 are turned on. The device is in working condition, t The carriage begins to move along the supporting beam 3 and at the same time the breaker 8 breaks off the icicles that enter the box 9 and fall into the grinder 10, where they are crushed into a fine fraction, which is thrown through the ejection holes tsya out. In this case, the carriage 1 moves to the edge of the roof, where it interacts with a limit switch (not shown in the drawings) and moves to the opposite end of the building roof, utilizing icicles in its path. When the end of the roof is reached, the carriage drive and the chopper are switched off and the contacts on the bar 20 are opened. With the further formation of icicles, the process repeats.

As a tracking system for the formation of icicles, a light system can be used (light source 21 and photocell 22). In this case, the light source of the system is installed on one side of the roof of the building, and the receiver (photocell) is on the opposite side.

If the icicles are small (up to 5 cm in length), then the light from the source enters the photocell, and if the light is blocked, i.e. there is an icicle in its way, then photocell 22 gives a command and the drive for moving the carriage 1 is turned on using the cable-block system 4 and the drive 15 of the grinder 10.

The carriage 1 moves along the supporting beam 3 along the eaves of the roof of the building, and the breaker 8 breaks off icicles that fall into the box 9, where with the help of screws 11 with teeth 12 and cutting knives 14 they are crushed to the required fraction and pushed out through holes 17 and 19 out .

The fine fraction is scattered in the air and settles under the influence of gravitational forces on the earth. The regrinding takes place in the end parts of the screws, where the comb-type cutting knives 14 are installed in the flat washer (first turn 13), and the fine fraction is pushed under pressure into the holes 19 of the end wall of the chopper body.

If the icicles are small, then they do not pose a threat to people and property, in addition, they themselves do not break off due to their light weight. Icicles from 5 cm to 10 cm in size easily break off and do not require much power to drive the chopper. As a chopper drive, a DC or AC motor can be used.

When the icicles are disposed of, the carriage 1 stops for a certain time. Then, with the next formation of icicles 5–10 cm long, the process is repeated. Alternatively, the device can be controlled remotely.

To assess the performance of the proposed method and device for the disposal of icicles, experiments were carried out (in winter) on an experimental installation (photos are attached). The screw rotational speed was 60 rpm, the diameter of the holes was 4.6 mm, and the temperature was minus 12-15 ° C. The experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed technical solution for the safe disposal of icicles.

The proposed method and device can improve the safety and reliability of removing ice and icicles from the roofs of buildings, and most importantly, eliminates any risk to people and property, because any icicles and ice from the roof of the building are excluded due to the fact that they turn into small particles that are not dangerous to people. The implementation of the method and device does not require any human resources or special units and works regardless of the time of day. The device is included in the work as necessary (if icicles or ice have formed).

The claimed method and device structurally do not represent any difficulty in implementation and do not require significant costs, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the conditions of patentability "industrial applicability".

Claims (9)

1. The method of disposal of ice and icicles from the roofs of buildings, consisting in the separation of icicles and ice from the eaves of the roof of the building and their disposal, characterized in that the disposal of the separated ice and icicles is made by grinding them into a fine fraction, followed by dispersion of this fraction in the air and gradually its deposition to the earth under the influence of gravitational forces. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding of ice and icicles is performed at the place of their formation, i.e. under the eaves of the roof of the building, simultaneously with their separation from the eaves of the roof. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation and grinding of ice and icicles is performed upon reaching their length (height) of 5-10 cm 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation and grinding are carried out depending on the information received on the formation of ice and icicles on the eaves of the roofs of buildings and their sizes in automatic mode, using, for example, a light tracking system for their sizes. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation and grinding of ice and icicles is carried out by moving the device along the eaves of the roof in both directions, i.e. as it moves back and forth. 6. A device for the disposal of ice and icicles by caving, characterized in that the caving device is equipped with a grinder of icicles and ice, located below the caving device. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that between the caving device and the chopper there is a box, on the end walls of which there are rotary strips of non-metallic material with microswitches. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the chopper body in the lower part and one end has perforation (holes). 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the chopper can be made in the form of one or two parallel screws located on the turns of which the teeth are located, and the last turn is made flat, in the form of a washer, at the ends of which are installed comb-type cutting knives.

Images