RU2555591C1 - Laboratory animal restraining apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary and experimental medical equipment. The presented laboratory animal restraining apparatus comprises a base frame, back and side walls, a cover, a front wall with a window, and a toilet opening. The side walls inside a box have vertical and horizontal grooves assisted by a vertical movable partition to restrain an animal longitudinally and by a horizontal movable cover to do the same vertically. A detachable part of the front wall making it possible to restrain the animal's head is mounted in bearing slides. A U-rack is mounted at an accessible distance from the detachable part of the front wall. In the interior, the rack comprises movable and rigid plates with oval openings for animal's incisors. At the top, the rack has a screw mechanism making the upper plate movable; and at the bottom, the same comprises bearing plates with grooves enabling the U-rack moving in relation to the box and being attached to the base frame.

EFFECT: invention provides the reliable and convenient fixation of the laboratory animal's body and head in a certain position and ensures an access thereto.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The device relates to veterinary and experimental medical equipment as an auxiliary technical means for conducting research and other manipulations on animals, namely, devices for limiting the mobility of an experimental animal. It can be used in the study and identification of toxicological, immunological, radiological and other effects on large laboratory animals.

A useful model is known “Device for fixing laboratory animals” according to patent RU 14722, containing a tabletop, a semicylindrical body with a flat base, the head of which is made in the form of a truncated cone with an opening, and the tail is equipped with a removable valve with an opening for the tail and a screw that fixes gate valve through a slot in the body. In addition, on the countertop there are two parallel plates with grooves into which the flat base of the semi-cylindrical body is inserted.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to fix both the body and the head of the animal while maintaining access to them.

Known "Device for limiting the mobility of an animal" according to the patent for invention RU 2171656. It contains bases with holes, windows and cutouts, side walls and fasteners. The device further comprises a block for restricting head mobility and neck fixation, consisting of a lodgement, head restraint, slide, bracket and carriage.

The disadvantages of this device are the presence of metal parts that adversely affect the purity of the radiological experiment.

Known "Clamps for the animal" for utility models RU 111425 and RU 111426. They contain a floor, walls, one of which has an entrance, and a cover made as a closed structure. A movable wall with holes is mounted inside the machine with the possibility of movement, which ensures the fixation of the animal and the possibility of injection. There is a mechanism for moving and fixing the wall, opening the lid and access to the animal. In this case, the control mechanisms are located on the outside of the machine wall. The through holes of the movable wall are designed to enter an injection tool.

These animal clamping machines have a simple design, but do not provide fixation of the animal's head with full access to it.

Known "Device for fixing the animal during veterinary treatment" according to the patents for inventions RU 1064948 and RU 2015691. They contain side rails and end frame, in which the mechanism for fixing the animal, head and neck. The locking mechanism is mounted on a rotary axis in the form of a neck grip and drive.

However, the cervical grip does not have the possibility of rigid fixation of the head.

Known "Device for fixing sheep" according to the patent for invention RU 2257708. It contains a frame, floor, side walls and exhaust door. One of the side walls is rigidly connected to the floor and by means of hinges mounted on the frame, and the side walls are lined with bristle material from the inside.

In this device there is no possibility of rigid fixation of the head.

The considered body clamps of laboratory animals provide the ability to observe external factors visible on the surface of the skin during radiological studies. At the same time, there is a need to control the processes that occur on internal surfaces, for example, in the oral cavity. The provision of this possibility is carried out using rotary expanders. Their structural basis is made up of two levers for each jaw, connected with the help of a clamp.

Rotary expanders are used to perform various manipulations both on laboratory animals, and on domestic and farm animals, when it is necessary to maximize the safety of the specialist and ensure the reliability of the information received.

Known ROTOR expander according to the patent for invention RU 2007107. It contains two arcs with a position lock. On the working ends of the arcs, through the fixing screws, removable single-arm levers with tooth stands, a soft palate lift and a tongue holder are fixed. At the same time, at least one annular groove is made at the ends of the removable levers, in which threaded holes for fixing screws are located. Moreover, the tooth stands, the soft palate lift and the tongue holder are made of a material having a shape memory effect.

The ROTOR expander is known according to the patent for invention RU 2144305. It contains two branches, one of which has a latch made in the form of the upper jaw, and the other contains a latch made in the form of the lower jaw with a tongue holder. The jaws are interconnected using the pin mechanism and have hinges that allow you to change the position of the clamps of the jaw and tongue holder in the horizontal plane. Additional elements of the branches provide a number of their functional features.

Known ROTOR expander according to the patent for invention RU 2328968. It contains two interconnected arcs carrying one-arm levers with stops on the teeth and the palate, including the soft palate, and a spatula equipped with positioning means, including a gear rack and a spring-loaded stopper. The levers of stops are fixed on oval loops suspended on an arc made in the form of a ring. The ends of the arc are pinched on the body of the spatula positioning device. The spatula is mounted on a gear rack, and in its central longitudinal riff is a tubular light guide, which has the possibility of axial rotations and longitudinal feed. The second arc is fixed on an annular arc and provides closure of the oval stops of the stops in the working position.

There are other secondary symptoms.

The considered expanders are intended for medical examination and treatment of the oral cavity and throat of the patient (person). They can be used independently, have a very complex and time-consuming design. Their main disadvantage is that they do not have the ability to fix the head of the animal in a certain position and cannot be used in a device for fixing the animal.

As a prototype can be considered "Machine for fixing animals" according to the patent for invention RU 2388431. It contains an oblong frame with front, rear and side walls, an element for fixing the head of the animal with a platform, made on the front wall. The fixation element is made in the upper part of the front wall in the form of an oval cut, and the platform for the animal’s head is made in the form of a L-shaped stand and is installed on the outside under the oval cut. The upper wall is made in the form of a door mounted on the rear wall. Soft fiber is rigidly fixed along the contour of the oval cutout, and at the base in contact with the back wall there is a hole for the toilet.

In this machine there is no possibility of fixing the head of the animal (rabbit) in a certain position necessary for the study.

The technical result consists in creating a device that provides reliability and convenience of fixing the body and head of a laboratory animal in a certain position while maintaining access to it. The use of inert materials in the design makes it possible to increase the purity of the experiment.

The objective of the proposed solution is the maximum fixation of the animal in a physiological position, the use of inert materials (excluding fastening elements), ensuring maximum fixation of the animal's head in a certain position (for local exposure) while maintaining access to it.

The essence of the proposed technical solution

In a device having: a base, a back, front and side walls forming a box, there are a number of vertical and horizontal grooves on the side walls inside the box. In the vertical grooves is a movable partition, providing the ability to change the length of the box. In the horizontal grooves introduced a movable roof of the box. By selecting the level of the grooves, it is possible to change the height of the box. The front wall has an opening for the head of the animal and consists of two parts. Moreover, the upper part of the wall is movable, which makes it possible to tightly fix large laboratory animals. There are toilet openings in the back of the base of the box. There are ventilation holes in the side walls. On the base surface of the device, at a distance of the elongated head of the laboratory animal, a “P” -shaped stand is installed to expand the mouth of the animal. It has the ability to move longitudinally with respect to the box and provides additional fixation of the head in the required position. At the base of the “P” -shaped stand there are two base plates with grooves and fastening to the base. The length of the support plates is greater than the width of the vertical side of the “U” -shaped rack. On the inside of the “P” -shaped stand are two horizontal plates. The lower one is fixed motionless, and the upper one is movable. Oval holes for incisor teeth of the upper and lower jaws of the rabbit are made on the upper movable plate and the lower stationary one. The edges of the holes are smoothed to prevent injury to the animal. In the upper part of the “P” -shaped stand there is a screw mechanism that provides movement of the upper plate. The device is made of inert materials.

List of figures

Figure 1. General view of the device for fixing animals: 1 - base, 2 - rear fixed wall, 3 - side walls, 4 - vertical grooves, 5 - horizontal grooves, 6 - cover, 7 - movable partition, 8 - front wall with a movable upper part, 9 - guides, 10 - hole for the head of the animal, 11 - holes for the toilet, 12 - holes for ventilation, 13 - "P" -shaped stand, 14 - support plates, 15 - grooves with holes for pins 16, 17 - horizontal plates , 18 - oval holes, 19 - screw mechanism.

Description of device design

A device for fixing large laboratory animals contains a base 1, on which the rear wall 2, side walls 3, the lower part of the front wall 8 and the guides 9 are rigidly fixed. All walls make up the box for placing the animal in it. In the side walls 3 there are vertical grooves 4 and horizontal grooves 5. In the vertical grooves 4 on the side walls 3 there is a movable partition 7, which allows changing the length of the box. In the horizontal grooves 5 in the upper part of the side walls there is a lid 6, which allows changing the height of the box. The front wall 8 has guides 9 and a hole 10 (with a diameter of approximately 5 ÷ 7 cm) for the head of the animal. Wall 8 consists of a lower fixed part and upper removable parts, which makes it possible to use the device for animals (rabbits) with different sizes of the neck with their tight fixation. The hole contour has a rounded edge to prevent injury to the animal. There are holes for the toilet 11 in the base of the back of the box. There are holes for ventilation 12 in the side walls. On the base surface of the device, at the distance of the elongated head of the laboratory animal, a “P” -shaped stand 13 is installed that can move longitudinally with respect to the box and providing additional fixation of the animal's head in the required position. At the "P" -shaped stand 13 at the base of each side there are two support plates 14, which are rigidly connected with the posts 13. Along the plates 14 there are grooves 15 that allow the rack to be moved and fixed using pins 16 and holes for them in the base 1 of the device. This technical solution provides longitudinal movement of the rack 13 and its reliable fixation relative to the box. The length of the support plates 14 is 1.5-2 times greater than the width of the vertical sides of the "P" -shaped stand 13. In the inner space of the "P" -shaped stand 13 two horizontal plates 17 are placed. The lower plate is fixedly fixed due to the side protrusions on it, mating with the side walls of the rack, and the upper plate is mounted movably. On the longitudinal protrusions of both plates 17 there are oval holes 18 for the incisor teeth of the upper and lower jaws of the animal. In this case, the required plate thickness is selected, and the edges of the holes are smoothed so that the injury to the animal is excluded. In the upper part of the "P" -shaped rack 13, a screw mechanism 19 is mounted, connected to a movable horizontal plate 17 and providing its vertical movement. The device is made of inert materials, such as wood or plastic, eliminating the possibility of secondary radiation and ensuring the purity of the radiological experiment when exposed to neutrons.

Device Operation Procedure

For research with the open cover 6 and the removed upper part of the wall 8, an animal, such as a rabbit, is placed in a box. Using a movable partition 7 and vertical grooves 4 fix the rabbit in a horizontal position. Then along the guides 9 lower the upper part of the front wall 8 with an opening for the head of the animal 10 and thereby fix the head of the animal. The usual size of the diameter of the window is from 5 to 7 cm. Using the cover 6 and horizontal grooves 5 select the height necessary for vertical fixation of the animal. Next, the “U" -shaped stand 13 is advanced to the box due to the presence of support plates 14 with grooves 15, positioned at the required distance from the animal’s head, and with the help of pins 16 fix the stand to the base 1 of the device. The upper and lower plates 17 are brought together into the animal’s mouth so that the incisors of the upper and lower jaws of the animal are placed in the oval holes 18. Then, using the screw mechanism 19, the upper horizontal plate 17 is withdrawn to the required height and the head is fixed in the desired state. After the animal calms down, carry out the necessary procedures.

Confirmation of the achievement of the technical result

The proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- reliability of fixation of large laboratory animals with various sizes;

- maximum fixation of the head in a certain position while maintaining access to it and eliminating the possibility of injury to the animal;

- the use of inert materials ensures the purity of the experiment.

Claims (6)

1. A device for fixing laboratory animals, including a base, rear and side walls, a cover, a front wall with a window and openings for the toilet, characterized in that vertical and horizontal grooves are made on the side walls inside the box, providing longitudinal fixation using a vertical movable partition animal and with the help of a horizontal movable cover vertical fixation, a removable part of the front wall is installed in the guides, which ensures fixation of the animal’s head, at an accessible distance from A “P” -shaped stand is installed on the surface of the base, containing in the inner space a movable and fixed plate with oval openings for the tooth incisors of the animal, while a screw mechanism is installed in the upper part of the rack, providing movement of the upper plate, and the base plates in the lower part with grooves, providing the ability to move the "P" -shaped rack relative to the box and fixing it to the base. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed plate from the ends has protrusions for connection with the side walls of the "P" -shaped rack. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the support plates is greater than the width of the sides of the "P" -shaped rack. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plates with grooves are movably connected by pins to the base of the device. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the side walls of the box there are openings for ventilation. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of inert materials.

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